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Articles 1 - 30 of 506
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
“My Dog Needs A Job”: Identifying The Motivations Of Therapy Animal Volunteers, Jean Kirnan, Anna Ciarrocca, Matthew Malloy, Shawne Hoehne, Grace Norris, Marc Nuzzo
“My Dog Needs A Job”: Identifying The Motivations Of Therapy Animal Volunteers, Jean Kirnan, Anna Ciarrocca, Matthew Malloy, Shawne Hoehne, Grace Norris, Marc Nuzzo
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
Volunteers provide billions of hours in free labor annually and are essential for the success of many organizations. Understanding who volunteers as well as the motivating factors that attract and retain volunteers is critical. This study explored the motivations of therapy animal volunteers (TAVs) identifying commonality with general volunteerism as well as unique motivators. Respondents were 748 TAVs with Pet Partners who completed an online survey. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) was used to allow comparisons to prior research. Supplemental items specific to animal handler motivation were added to the 30 VFI items. Additionally, participants responded to an open-ended question …
Cultural, Psychosocial, And Educational Factors In Relation To Ethnic Identity Among Cambodian High School Students In The United States, Traci L. Weinstein, Khanh Dinh, Tamara Springle
Cultural, Psychosocial, And Educational Factors In Relation To Ethnic Identity Among Cambodian High School Students In The United States, Traci L. Weinstein, Khanh Dinh, Tamara Springle
Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement
This study examined the relationship between preferred ethnic labels an cultural, psychosocial, and academic variables in a sample of 174 Cambodian high school students in the U.S. Results indicated that participants who chose “American” ethnic labels reported higher scores on White/Anglo orientation and on English language usage and fluency, whereas participants who chose the “Cambodian” ethnic label reported more Khmer language usage and frequency. Students who chose the combined “Cambodian American” ethnic label reported stronger beliefs in the utility of education and higher academic aspirations. The findings from this study expand the research on ethnic identity by focusing on 2nd …
Animal Assisted Play Therapy® For Childhood Animal Abuse Following Exposure To Family Violence: A Case Example, Katharine Wenocur, Rise Vanfleet
Animal Assisted Play Therapy® For Childhood Animal Abuse Following Exposure To Family Violence: A Case Example, Katharine Wenocur, Rise Vanfleet
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
Intentional harm to nonhuman animals in childhood often correlates with histories of witnessing, experiencing, or perpetrating violence. Without appropriate intervention, children and adolescents who abuse animals following exposure to family violence risk long-term behavioral health challenges. While some treatment models have been specifically designed to reduce the risk of future violence among children displaying this behavior, interventions involving nonhuman animals represent a novel approach and show promise in addressing behavioral challenges associated with this behavior. Framed through the lens of a clinical case study, this article presents the potential benefits of implementing Animal Assisted Play Therapy® to treat symptoms of …
Impact Of Equine Interaction During Psychotherapy On Anxiety And Depression For Residential Treatment Program Patients Experiencing Substance Withdrawal, Molly M. Friend, Molly C. Nicodemus, Clay Cavinder, Caleb Lemley, Pauline Prince, Katherine A. Cagle-Holtcamp, Rebecca M. Swanson
Impact Of Equine Interaction During Psychotherapy On Anxiety And Depression For Residential Treatment Program Patients Experiencing Substance Withdrawal, Molly M. Friend, Molly C. Nicodemus, Clay Cavinder, Caleb Lemley, Pauline Prince, Katherine A. Cagle-Holtcamp, Rebecca M. Swanson
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
As incidences of substance use disorders (SUD) increase in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for more effective treatment approaches. Further, treatment approaches currently available struggle to retain patients during the period of substance withdrawal in early treatment due to patients’ withdrawal symptoms including increased feelings of anxiety and depression. Withdrawal symptoms have been linked to dysregulated cortisol concentrations present in this period. Psychotherapy incorporating equine interaction (PIE) has emerged in other populations as a treatment that decreases cortisol concentrations and improves treatment retention. The present study investigated the impact of 4 weeks of PIE on …
Proposal Of A Private Caretaker-Completed Questionnaire To Assess The Suitability Of Domestic Cats For Animal-Assisted Interventions, Alina Simona Rusu, Iulia Francesca Pop, Christine Olsen, Magdalena Nawarecka-Piątek, Michal Plewczynski, Eivind Øverli Holm, Dennis C. Turner
Proposal Of A Private Caretaker-Completed Questionnaire To Assess The Suitability Of Domestic Cats For Animal-Assisted Interventions, Alina Simona Rusu, Iulia Francesca Pop, Christine Olsen, Magdalena Nawarecka-Piątek, Michal Plewczynski, Eivind Øverli Holm, Dennis C. Turner
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
The objective of this study was to develop a caretaker-completed questionnaire entitled “Cats’ Behavioral Suitability for Animal-Assisted Interventions” (CatSAAI), covering two categories of items associated with seven feline personality factors. These feline personality factors were previously identified and validated by Mikkola et al. (2021) on a large sample of domestic cat guardians. The aim of the CatSAAI questionnaire is to facilitate the interpretation of the behavioral suitability or unsuitability of each individual cat for inclusion in feline-assisted interventions, while considering the prevention of stress and risks in AAI settings for both people and animals. The tool was proposed by an …
Does Having Air Conditioning Affect Friendship Formation In The First Two Months Of College?, Zachariah Hunt
Does Having Air Conditioning Affect Friendship Formation In The First Two Months Of College?, Zachariah Hunt
The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research
No abstract provided.
Connecting With The Outside World: Psychosocially Supportive Aspects Of Operational Communication Between Isolated Crews In Space And Mission Control On The Ground, Dennis J. Frederiksen
Connecting With The Outside World: Psychosocially Supportive Aspects Of Operational Communication Between Isolated Crews In Space And Mission Control On The Ground, Dennis J. Frederiksen
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Radio-based communication between crew members in space and mission control centers on the ground has the operational purpose of supporting the safe and effective execution of missions in space. Space-to-ground communication also, however, constitutes one of the relatively few interpersonal relationships astronauts have during missions and in addition to its operational purpose, this communication can support astronauts’ wellbeing. The purpose of this paper is to identify psychosocially supportive aspects of operational space-to-ground communication between astronauts in space and spacecraft communicators on the ground. Through qualitative analysis of authentic mission communication, this paper identifies two supportive aspects and develops a terminology …
Using Behavior Sequence Analysis To Study Teams During Long- Duration Isolation And Confinement, Andres Käosaar, Dr. Nathan Smith, Dr. David A. Keatley, Pranav Ambhorkar, Dr. Moritz Von Looz, Konstantinos Konstantinidis
Using Behavior Sequence Analysis To Study Teams During Long- Duration Isolation And Confinement, Andres Käosaar, Dr. Nathan Smith, Dr. David A. Keatley, Pranav Ambhorkar, Dr. Moritz Von Looz, Konstantinos Konstantinidis
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
With a renewed impetus and appetite for human space exploration, both government-funded agencies and private companies are focusing on longer and farther crewed missions into the solar system. Such space missions rely on highly interdependent teams living and working together in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments. Understanding the behavioral patterns of teams in ICE environments is, thus, paramount for the future success of such missions. Due to the complexity of studying ICE teams, several researchers have called for methodological innovations to advance knowledge in this area. In the current research, a proof-of-concept methodological approach is introduced that provides a …
Dog Guardians’ Subjective Well-Being During Times Of Stress And Crisis: A Diary Study Of Affect During Covid-19, Lori S. Hoy, Brigitte Stangl, Nigel Morgan
Dog Guardians’ Subjective Well-Being During Times Of Stress And Crisis: A Diary Study Of Affect During Covid-19, Lori S. Hoy, Brigitte Stangl, Nigel Morgan
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
The impacts of companion animals on human well-being have been receiving increased media and research attention, especially in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, there have been calls for research to consider the major components of subjective well-being separately and for research designs to include assessments over time. In line with this suggestion, the purpose of this study was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how being a dog guardian can impact affect and contribute to the overall assessment of subjective well-being. This study used a seven-day diary design to capture 31 dog guardians’ day-to- day feelings and thoughts …
The Combination Of Cooling Techniques In A Tropical Environment Improves Precision Performance In Young International Fencers, Aurélie Collado, Nicolas Robin, Stéphane Sinnapah, Elisabeth Rosnet, Olivier Hue, Guillaume R. Coudevylle
The Combination Of Cooling Techniques In A Tropical Environment Improves Precision Performance In Young International Fencers, Aurélie Collado, Nicolas Robin, Stéphane Sinnapah, Elisabeth Rosnet, Olivier Hue, Guillaume R. Coudevylle
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
The performance of intense exercise in a tropical climate is associated with limited exercise capacity due to thermal strain. This limitation is exacerbated in sports requiring full protective equipment. Research evidence suggests disturbances in cognitive function due to thermal discomfort and/or protective equipment (e.g., helmets), and thus sports that require skills in decision-making, fast reaction times, precision, and/or inhibition can be greatly affected. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of countermeasures on the psychological and physiological responses in young international fencers wearing full protective equipment during an ecological fencing task. Nine young international fencers performed an …
Using An Approach-Avoidance Framework To Understand The Relationship Between Non-Lethal Weapons And Performance, Andrew J. Mojica, Christopher P. Bartak, Joseph N. Mitchell, Alan Ashworth
Using An Approach-Avoidance Framework To Understand The Relationship Between Non-Lethal Weapons And Performance, Andrew J. Mojica, Christopher P. Bartak, Joseph N. Mitchell, Alan Ashworth
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
It is proposed that performance degradation from exposure to non-lethal technology is mediated by impulsive and reflective approachavoidance motivation. An approach-avoidance motivational framework was used to specify a four-stage information processing model that predicts performance degradation. The first stage is Evaluation: it processes physiological, sensory, perceptual, and cognitive information. The second stage is Comparison: it processes the content of the Evaluation into avoidance and approach motivational indices. The third stage is Probability: it processes information from previous stages into a probability of choosing to continue or abandon goal-directed behavior. Finally, the fourth stage is Performance: it processes performance accuracy on …
I’Ve Seen This, So I’Ve Got This! Exploring The Use Of Imagery And Self-Talk Within Action Sports Athletes, Patrick R. Young
I’Ve Seen This, So I’Ve Got This! Exploring The Use Of Imagery And Self-Talk Within Action Sports Athletes, Patrick R. Young
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
The present study aimed to expand the current knowledge of psychological skills usage within athletes of action sports by exploring the use of imagery and self-talk within skateboarders and snowboarders. Skateboarders and snowboarders (N 5 74) completed the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28; Smith et al., 1995), the Self-Talk Questionnaire (S-TQ) for sports (Zervas et al., 2007), and the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ; Hall et al., 1998). Results indicated that participants scored significantly higher than reported norms of traditional athletes (Smith et al., 1995) on the coping with adversity and goal-setting/mental preparation subscales of the ACSI-28, and to a similar …
Extracting Edges In Space And Time During Visual Fixations, Lynn Schmittwilken, Marianne Maertens
Extracting Edges In Space And Time During Visual Fixations, Lynn Schmittwilken, Marianne Maertens
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
A Signal Detection Model For The Analysis Of Continuous Response Gradients And An Application To Confidence Rating Data, Fabian A. Soto
A Signal Detection Model For The Analysis Of Continuous Response Gradients And An Application To Confidence Rating Data, Fabian A. Soto
MODVIS Workshop
see attached
Modelling Pairwise Comparisons For Thurstonian Scaling And Kendall Rank Correlation, Maarten Wijntjes
Modelling Pairwise Comparisons For Thurstonian Scaling And Kendall Rank Correlation, Maarten Wijntjes
MODVIS Workshop
Pairwise comparisons are a simple and effective way to measure the relative ordering of two samples. For more than two samples, a global ordering can be constructed and with sufficient data it is possible to construct a metric scale, for example by using Thurstonian scaling. We will discuss the concept of Number of Distinguishable Levels (NDLs) that emerges from a Thurstonian scaling procedure. The NDL is the attribute range in terms of Just Noticeable Differences (JNDs), for example the number of grayscale values. The NDL is either limited by the visual system or by the range of stimuli. The latter …
Constraining The Binding Problem Using Maps, Zhixian Han, Anne Sereno
Constraining The Binding Problem Using Maps, Zhixian Han, Anne Sereno
MODVIS Workshop
We constrained the binding problem by creating maps of different attributes. We compared the performance of different models with different maps in our current study. Our preliminary results showed that the performance of the model is the highest when location maps were used. These results suggest that the optimal way to constrain the binding problem is to create location maps of different attributes.
Evaluating Models Of Scanpath Prediction, Matthias Kümmerer, Matthias Bethge
Evaluating Models Of Scanpath Prediction, Matthias Kümmerer, Matthias Bethge
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
Modeling The Spread Of Object-Based Attention During Free Viewing, Nicolas Roth, Olga Shurygina, Flora Marleen Muscinelli, Klaus Obermayer, Martin Rolfs
Modeling The Spread Of Object-Based Attention During Free Viewing, Nicolas Roth, Olga Shurygina, Flora Marleen Muscinelli, Klaus Obermayer, Martin Rolfs
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
A Dynamical Model Of Binding In Visual Cortex During Incremental Grouping And Search, Daniel Schmid, Daniel A. Braun, Heiko Neumann
A Dynamical Model Of Binding In Visual Cortex During Incremental Grouping And Search, Daniel Schmid, Daniel A. Braun, Heiko Neumann
MODVIS Workshop
Binding of visual information is crucial for several perceptual tasks. To incrementally group an object, elements in a space-feature neighborhood need to be bound together starting from an attended location (Roelfsema, TICS, 2005). To perform visual search, candidate locations and cued features must be evaluated conjunctively to retrieve a target (Treisman&Gormican, Psychol Rev, 1988). Despite different requirements on binding, both tasks are solved by the same neural substrate. In a model of perceptual decision-making, we give a mechanistic explanation for how this can be achieved. The architecture consists of a visual cortex module and a higher-order thalamic module. While the …
Object Rigidity: Competition And Cooperation Between Motion-Energy And Feature- Tracking Mechanisms And Shape-Based Priors, Akihito Maruya, Qasim Zaidi Dr.
Object Rigidity: Competition And Cooperation Between Motion-Energy And Feature- Tracking Mechanisms And Shape-Based Priors, Akihito Maruya, Qasim Zaidi Dr.
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
Efficient Perception Of Physical Object Properties With Visual Heuristics, Vivian C. Paulun, Florian S. Bayer, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Roland W. Fleming
Efficient Perception Of Physical Object Properties With Visual Heuristics, Vivian C. Paulun, Florian S. Bayer, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Roland W. Fleming
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
Lacan And The Algorithm, Clint Burnham
Lacan And The Algorithm, Clint Burnham
CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture
Exploring the development of algorithms in Lacanian theory, specifically the "R schema" in the 1950s, I argue that psychoanalysis, read through contemporary debates about the "algorithmic cult" of Netflix and other avatars of popular culture, can be said to reveal the inhuman, machinic essence of subjectivity. The etiology of algorithms, mathemes, and other formulae and diagrams in Lacan’s oeuvre has been under-studied, in part because for some readers they are not as attractive as his more bravura flourishes of word play as exegetical excess, and in part because they derive largely from the ‘hard’ structuralist moment of his work in …
Organizational Safety Culture In Pilot Training Schools: Case Of North Texas In The Usa And South Korea, Seock-Jin Hong, Woongyi Kim, Steve S. Joiner Mr.
Organizational Safety Culture In Pilot Training Schools: Case Of North Texas In The Usa And South Korea, Seock-Jin Hong, Woongyi Kim, Steve S. Joiner Mr.
Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering
The sudden increased need for qualified pilots can cause potential risks for aviation training schools in South Korea because new pilot training programs need to be created, or existing organizations need to be expanded quickly. This study investigates safety culture at pilot training schools, builds a conceptual framework, and identifies the relationship between the sub-safety culture category and safety culture level in commercial pilot training schools. The authors survey the safety culture and management for the organizational aspect of these pilot training schools to clarify essential concepts and generate a conceptual safety management model. The authors examine the differences in …
Rim-To-Rim Wearables At The Canyon For Health (R2r Watch): Physiological, Cognitive, And Biological Markers Of Performance Decline In An Extreme Environment, Kristin Divis, Robert Abbott, Cathy Branda, Glory Emmanuel-Aviña, Jon Femling, J. Gabriel Huerta, Lucie Jelinková, J. Kyle Jennings, Emily A. Pearce, Daniel Ries, Danielle Sanchez, Austin Silva
Rim-To-Rim Wearables At The Canyon For Health (R2r Watch): Physiological, Cognitive, And Biological Markers Of Performance Decline In An Extreme Environment, Kristin Divis, Robert Abbott, Cathy Branda, Glory Emmanuel-Aviña, Jon Femling, J. Gabriel Huerta, Lucie Jelinková, J. Kyle Jennings, Emily A. Pearce, Daniel Ries, Danielle Sanchez, Austin Silva
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Success in extreme environments comes with a cost of subtle performance decrements that if not mitigated properly can lead to lifethreatening consequences. Identification and prediction of performance decline could alleviate deleterious consequences and enhance success in challenging and high-risk operations. The Rim-to-Rim Wearables at the Canyon for Health (R2R WATCH) project was designed to examine the cognitive, physiological, and biological markers of performance decline in the extreme environment of the Grand Canyon Rim-to-Rim (R2R) hike. The study utilized commercial off-the-shelf cognitive and physiological monitoring techniques, along with subjective self-assessments and hematologic measurements to determine subject performance and changes across the …
Impact Of Adolescent Social Isolation On Adult, Binge-Like Ethanol Consumption And Plasma Corticosterone In High-Alcohol-Preferring Mice, Eva Cullins
The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research
Adolescent stress exposure increases the likelihood of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood; however, it is not clear how genetic and environmental factors interact to increase risk. This study examined how adolescent social isolation affects adult binge-like ethanol drinking and levels of the stress hormone corticosterone in male and female mice with a genetic predisposition toward high alcohol preference (HAP). Twenty-eight HAP mice were separated into group-housed (GH) and socially isolated (SI) conditions (n = 13, 13). Binge drinking was assessed using a drinking in the dark (DID) procedure. Blood samples were taken before DID and after …
Exploring Children’S Insights About Participating In Recreational Activities With Horses And Farm Animals: Social Emotional Experiences And Belief In Animal Mind, Christine Yvette Tardif-Williams, Renata P. S. Roma
Exploring Children’S Insights About Participating In Recreational Activities With Horses And Farm Animals: Social Emotional Experiences And Belief In Animal Mind, Christine Yvette Tardif-Williams, Renata P. S. Roma
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
Research continues to shed light on the impact of children’s interactions with horses in equine-assisted, learning, and therapeutic contexts. However, we know relatively less about the impact of children’s recreational activities with horses and a diversity of farm animals. What is needed is research that explores how recreational programs involving activities with horses and farm animals are perceived by the child participants themselves. This pilot study sought to explore the insights of children who participated in a nine-week recreational program involving activities with horses and farm animals, with a focus on children’s social emotional experiences and belief in animal mind …
“My Companion Through The Pandemic”: The Importance Of The Human-Animal Bond During Covid-19, Christine Krouzecky, Jan Aden, Anastasiya Bunina, Katharina Hametner, Armin Klaps, Zuzana Kovacovsky, Nora Ruck, Birgit Ursula Stetina
“My Companion Through The Pandemic”: The Importance Of The Human-Animal Bond During Covid-19, Christine Krouzecky, Jan Aden, Anastasiya Bunina, Katharina Hametner, Armin Klaps, Zuzana Kovacovsky, Nora Ruck, Birgit Ursula Stetina
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
The COVID- 19 pandemic, due to its global biopsychosocial effects, encourages re-search regarding the promotion of health. Studies in this area concentrate on the human–animal bond as a source of physical and psychological well- being (Shoesmith et al., 2021). In this context, contradictory results have been reported, which on the one hand underline the positive influences of animal companionship on humans’ well- being (Ratschen et al., 2020), and on the other hand demonstrate contrary effects (Mueller et al., 2021). Based on inconsistent findings, the present study aimed to investigate to what extent the human–animal bond influences different psychosocial parameters (including …
Farmyard Animal Or Best Friend? Exploring Predictors Of Dog Vs. Pig Pet Speciesism, Sarah Gradidge, Magdalena Zawisza, Annelie J. Harvey, Daragh T. Mcdermott
Farmyard Animal Or Best Friend? Exploring Predictors Of Dog Vs. Pig Pet Speciesism, Sarah Gradidge, Magdalena Zawisza, Annelie J. Harvey, Daragh T. Mcdermott
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
Despite dogs’ and pigs’ shared similarities, previous research indicates people favor dogs over pigs (known as “pet speciesism”). While pet speciesism has been empirically sup-ported, little is known about its predictors. This gap in the literature is problematic as urgent requirements to decrease meat consumption emphasize the pressing need to develop interventions to reduce pet speciesism and thus reduce meat consumption. However, to develop these interventions, we must first identify why people view pigs (vs. dogs) negatively. To begin addressing this gap, the current study utilized the stereotype content model to uniquely explore pet speciesism’s predictors. We recruited participants via …
Mothers’ Reflections On Cat Ownership For A Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Covid-19, Saskia Keville, Sophia De Vita, Amanda K. Ludlow
Mothers’ Reflections On Cat Ownership For A Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Covid-19, Saskia Keville, Sophia De Vita, Amanda K. Ludlow
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
Animal- assisted interventions are increasingly used as a complementary therapy in clinical practice to support people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with promising outcomes compared to traditional therapies. Less is understood about the therapeutic benefits of more accessible and affordable small pet ownership for families with a child with ASD, alongside the pets’ welfare living in these homes. This study explored the experiences of cat ownership for young people with ASD from the perspective of their mothers during a time of transition generated by COVID-19. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six mothers and transcripts analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three …
Interactions Between Sex And Pet Ownership On Attitudes Toward Children, Aya Dudin, Mayra Linne Almanza-Sepulveda, Katherine T. Cost, Geoffrey B. Hall, Alison S. Fleming, Jonathan Freedman
Interactions Between Sex And Pet Ownership On Attitudes Toward Children, Aya Dudin, Mayra Linne Almanza-Sepulveda, Katherine T. Cost, Geoffrey B. Hall, Alison S. Fleming, Jonathan Freedman
People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice
Background: Many people are attached to their pets. This attachment shares characteristics with the parental attachment to children. Previous studies have established a sex difference in attitudes about children; women compared to men report more positive attitudes about children. However, whether this sex difference is attenuated by owning and caring for pet(s) has not been investigated. Methods: In a sample of non-parents, we investigated the following: (1) whether the established main effect of sex on attitudes about children was moderated by pet ownership using a 2 (male, female) x 2 (pet owner, non–pet owner) design; and (2) whether the established …