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Articles 1 - 30 of 227
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Oil And Gcc Financial Markets: The Significance Of The Oil Price Collapse, Shawkat Hammoudeh
Oil And Gcc Financial Markets: The Significance Of The Oil Price Collapse, Shawkat Hammoudeh
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
No abstract provided.
Housing Costs And Divorce Rate In The Mena Countries, Hassan Gholipour Fereidouni
Housing Costs And Divorce Rate In The Mena Countries, Hassan Gholipour Fereidouni
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between housing costs and divorce rate using data from a set of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries over the period of 1990-2014. Applying panel fixed-effects and the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) estimation methods, our results suggest that a 10% increase in the housing costs increases divorce rate about 1.5% in the sample countries. The findings also indicate that social globalization has a positive and significant relationship with divorce rate in the MENA countries.
Financial Development And The Oil Curse: Evidence From Algeria, Farah Elias Elhannani, Abou Bakr Boussalem, Mohamed Benbouziane
Financial Development And The Oil Curse: Evidence From Algeria, Farah Elias Elhannani, Abou Bakr Boussalem, Mohamed Benbouziane
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Most of the empirical evidence has shown that the majority of oil dependent countries have the low level of financial development; thus, they are much more volatile and exposed to the oil shocks and the so named “oil curse”. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the Algerian financial system—as one of major oil economies—on the economic growth and escaping the oil curse. Over the past two decades, Algeria has courageously attempted to modernize its financial system despite social strife and challenges posed by the large hydrocarbon sector and an inefficient public sector. In fact, various reforms have been …
Decomposing The Determinants Of Interest Rates In Turkey And Selected: Emerging Markets Implementing Inflation Targeting Policies, Erhan Aslanoğlu, Pinar Deniz
Decomposing The Determinants Of Interest Rates In Turkey And Selected: Emerging Markets Implementing Inflation Targeting Policies, Erhan Aslanoğlu, Pinar Deniz
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Inflation Targeting (IT) is a monetary policy in which keeping inflation as close as to the target level using policy tools is the main focus for many central banks. However, purely targeting inflation has the potential to reveal the drawback of the trade-off between inflation and output, leaving out the possibility of perfectly anticipated inflation where there is no trade-off. IT policy is relatively more difficult for emerging market economies compared to developed countries due to the potential fragilities emerging from the large amount of fluctuations in the portfolio investments. High current account deficits, fiscal dominance, lack of credibility, imperfections …
Functional Income Distribution Consequences Of Financial Crisis In Turkey, Senim Sefil
Functional Income Distribution Consequences Of Financial Crisis In Turkey, Senim Sefil
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the functional income distribution in Turkey by conducting a comparative analysis of various labor share measures using different data sources. Four different labor share measures in the total market income were calculated using micro data from the 2006 -2011 Income and Living Conditions Survey of Turkey. The results of microdata calculations indicated a substantial and permanent increase during the crisis due to the labor hoarding in the labor market, leading to an increase in skilled employees’ labor income share at the expense of unskilled …
The Impact Of Governance On Economic Growth: The Case Of Middle Eastern And North African Countries, Noha Emara, I-Ming Chiu
The Impact Of Governance On Economic Growth: The Case Of Middle Eastern And North African Countries, Noha Emara, I-Ming Chiu
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of governance on economic growth using a group of 188 countries. Although our main focus is on the 21 Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries, our findings can be applied to the other countries as well. We create a “composite governance index” (CGI) that summarizes the existing six governance measurements in the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), using the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method. The first principal component derived from the WGIs explains as much as 81% of the variations in the original six WGI measurements. We then use …
Sharia Law And The Transition Towards More Democracy And A Market Economy – Restrictions And Opportunities, Rahel Schomaker
Sharia Law And The Transition Towards More Democracy And A Market Economy – Restrictions And Opportunities, Rahel Schomaker
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The main source of Islamic Law, the Sharia, provides not only spiritual leadership for human beings, or guidelines how to practice the religion of Islam properly, but also includes normative implications for the design of the political and economic sphere of a state. Beyond the sheer scientific interest, these implications of Islam became relevant (again) in the context of the recent transition processes in the Middle East and North Africa. Despite not being finished yet, the transformations will raise new challenges for their perspective economies and the political systems as many religion-based parties (e.g. Al Nahda in Tunisia) become important …
Determinants Of Household Education Expenditures: Do Poor Spend Less On Education?, Ayse Aylin Bayar, Bengi Yanik İlhan
Determinants Of Household Education Expenditures: Do Poor Spend Less On Education?, Ayse Aylin Bayar, Bengi Yanik İlhan
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Accumulation of human capital is proved to be crucial for economic growth and poverty alleviation. Education is counted as one of the basic services that allows individuals to gain better skills and knowledge which enhances economic growth and is also essential to combat poverty. Although investment in education is mostly financed by the government, most of the families privately contribute to their children’s education. Some of the researches argued that education expenditures depend on the income level of the households. From this point of view, private education can only be afforded by households who are at the higher income groups. …
Productivity Change Of The Egyptian Banking Sector: A Two Stage Non-Parametric Approach, Ammar Jreisat, Hassan Hassan
Productivity Change Of The Egyptian Banking Sector: A Two Stage Non-Parametric Approach, Ammar Jreisat, Hassan Hassan
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study aims to evaluate of the productivity change of the Egyptian Banking sector by using a data set which cover 14 banks operating in the Egyptian market from 1997 to 2013. We use a non-parametric approach Data Envelopment Analysis based analysis to investigate the productivity change in the Egyptian banking sector. Inputoriented Malmquist indices of productivity change are estimated to measure total factor productivity (TFP) change. The TFP changes are decomposed into the product of technological change and technical efficiency change (catch-up). In the second stage, potential determinants of productivity change are studied using a regression model. We find …
Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment To Turkey, Burcak Polat, Cem Payaslıoğlu
Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment To Turkey, Burcak Polat, Cem Payaslıoğlu
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Despite the growing interest in foreign direct investment (FDI), substantial uncertainty still exists regarding what stimulates foreign investors to operate in a foreign market. Besides, previous studies have attributed the determinants of direct investments to locational and firmspecific factors. However, firm-specific and locational factors may vary across industries and their sub-sectors, as proposed by Dunning (1998). Using panel data for the 2007 to 2012 period, the major determinants of foreign investments into the manufacturing subsectors in Turkey are analyzed in this study. Strong evidence is found that turnover indices and new investment incentives introduced in 2009 have a positive impact …
Taking Into Account Sustainable Development For Mena Countries: The Calculation Of A Modified Hdi Index, Nathalie Hilmi, Alain Safa, Nicolas Peridy, Messaoud Zemouri
Taking Into Account Sustainable Development For Mena Countries: The Calculation Of A Modified Hdi Index, Nathalie Hilmi, Alain Safa, Nicolas Peridy, Messaoud Zemouri
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
GDP, a measure of economic welfare, may be supplemented with other measures of economic welfare and environmental sustainability. This article discusses alternative measures which have been proposed in the literature concerning pollution, which can be used to augment GDP as a measure of welfare to produce a better index.
War-Fighting Or Enhanced Policing?: The Effectiveness Of Kill-Capture Tools And Tactics In The Post-9/11 Era, Jesse Paul Lehrke, Rahel Schomaker
War-Fighting Or Enhanced Policing?: The Effectiveness Of Kill-Capture Tools And Tactics In The Post-9/11 Era, Jesse Paul Lehrke, Rahel Schomaker
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
For more than ten years the so-called Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) has been shaping not only national security strategies, but also influenced the definition of the enemy being fought as well as the nature of and boundaries between tactics used in this war. While the discussion about anti-terror strategies and tactics on the political level is ongoing, (empirical) research on the efficiency and effectiveness of these measures is still limited. In our article, we examine the relative impact two counter-terrorism approaches – killing and capturing – have on several measures of effectiveness. Scrutinizing data from 2001-2011 in numerous specifications, …
Why Do Women Prefer Part-Time Employment In Turkey?, Burcu Duzgun Oncel, Bilge Eris Dereli
Why Do Women Prefer Part-Time Employment In Turkey?, Burcu Duzgun Oncel, Bilge Eris Dereli
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Female part-time employment among female total employment has increased substantially in Turkey between 2005 and 2011. Part-time employment accounted for 13%, 22% and 27% of female employment in 2005, 2008 and 2011, respectively. The main objective of this paper is to outline some stylized facts concerning the key characteristics of female part time employment and to assess the reasons behind the increase in part-time employment for females in Turkey. We present general profile and labor status profile of part-time female workers via rich descriptive analysis by using Turkstat Household Labor Force Surveys for the period 2005 and 2011. Moreover we …
Does Public Employment Reduce Unemployment?, Alberto Behar, Junghwan Mok
Does Public Employment Reduce Unemployment?, Alberto Behar, Junghwan Mok
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
We quantify the extent to which public-sector employment crowds out privatesector employment using specially assembled datasets for a large cross-section of developing and advanced countries, and discuss the implications for countries in the Middle East, North Africa, Caucasus and Central Asia. These countries simultaneously display high unemployment rates, low private-sector employment rates and high proportions of government-sector employment. Regressions of unemployment rates on public-sector employment point to full crowding out. This means that high rates of public employment, which incur substantial fiscal costs, do not reduce overall unemployment rates.
Shattered Health For Women: How Gender Roles Affect Health Socio-Economic Status Nexus Over Life Cycle?, Burcu Duzgun Oncel
Shattered Health For Women: How Gender Roles Affect Health Socio-Economic Status Nexus Over Life Cycle?, Burcu Duzgun Oncel
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The main objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between health and socio-economic status (SES) across ages by including gender roles for men and women. Although life expectancy of women is greater than men, women's average subjective health measure is worse and morbidity rates are higher. Gender roles in society would be one of the causes of this distinction. Gender roles are proxied by time spent in household work, childcare, active & passive leisure and employment. Mean comparison tests show that women spend more time in household work and childcare and less time in employment and leisure. By …
Historical Perspectives On Trade And Risk On The Silk Road, Middle East And China, E. Mine Cinar, Katherine Geusz, Joseph Johnson
Historical Perspectives On Trade And Risk On The Silk Road, Middle East And China, E. Mine Cinar, Katherine Geusz, Joseph Johnson
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
In this paper we examine historical trends in the Silk Road where we discuss historical trade risks, Chinese dynasties and trade. We examine trade risks along the land and sea routes through Central Asia and Middle East. We discuss Chinese balance of payments during different dynasties and the changes in the land and the sea routes. We examine how the trade patterns and routes shifted with the discovery of the New World and when the Dutch and the British formed pooled risk trade associations.
The Determinants Of Youth Unemployment In Qatar, Edward Sayre, Nada Abdelqader Benmansour, Samantha Constant
The Determinants Of Youth Unemployment In Qatar, Edward Sayre, Nada Abdelqader Benmansour, Samantha Constant
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
While Qatari unemployment is low compared to regional standards, unemployment is even more concentrated among first time job-seeking youth than in other countries in the Arab world. This paper examines the factors that influence unemployment by young Qataris when they are first entering the labor market. This paper first introduces the set of labor market policies that govern the employment of Qatari nationals. Next, the paper examines the labor market outcomes of Qatari youth from 1995 to 2014 to evaluate the effect of these policies. Finally, the paper uses a unique data set of 2,000 primarily young Qataris to model …
Measuring Trade Advantages Of The Qualifying Industrial Zones Program Of Jordan And Egypt Offered By The United States For Having Signed Peace Treaties With Israel, Austin Carter, Yun Gong, Jeffrey B. Nugent
Measuring Trade Advantages Of The Qualifying Industrial Zones Program Of Jordan And Egypt Offered By The United States For Having Signed Peace Treaties With Israel, Austin Carter, Yun Gong, Jeffrey B. Nugent
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This paper uses detailed cross country and over time data to show that despite various limitations, the QIZs of Jordan and subsequently Egypt, along with certain US FTAs, have contributed significantly to an increase in participating countries’ shares of exports to the US in the nine most common categories of clothing items for which the effects of tariff and quota exemptions are likely to be strongest. These influences, although perhaps diminishing after a certain period of time, are stronger than those of exchange rate, transport cost and changes in openness over time. What is perhaps most surprising is that these …
The Impact Of Standards On Egyptian Trade: Evidence From Sps Measures, Hoda El-Enbaby, Rana Hendy, Chahir Zaki
The Impact Of Standards On Egyptian Trade: Evidence From Sps Measures, Hoda El-Enbaby, Rana Hendy, Chahir Zaki
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
According to the World Trade Organization (WTO) standards, countries are allowed to adapt regulations under the Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) agreements in order to protect human, animal and plant health as well as environment and human safety. Therefore, using an Egyptian firm-level dataset, we analyze the effects of product standards on exports. We merge this dataset with a new database on specific trade concerns raised in the TBT and SPS committees at the WTO. Our main findings show that SPS measures imposed on Egyptian exporters have a negative impact on the probability of exporting …
Bringing A New Perspective On Co-Movements Of Stock Markets In Emerging Economies Through Causality And Wavelet Analysis, Sadullah Çelik, Emel Baydan
Bringing A New Perspective On Co-Movements Of Stock Markets In Emerging Economies Through Causality And Wavelet Analysis, Sadullah Çelik, Emel Baydan
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The recent global financial (and economic) crisis has validated the need to assess the financial sector of the economies with rather unconventional approaches. Believing that financial markets use all the available information in an efficient manner is as questionable as finding models which test the existence of bubbles in stock exchange markets. In this respect, this paper tries to introduce a different perspective by attempting to examine the role of emerging markets in this turmoil period, termed the Great Recession. We are intrigued by the argument that stock exchange markets in emerging economies have been affected in an asymmetric manner. …
Environmental Risks, Policy Decisions In Large Multinational Companies And Policy Makers In Tunisia, Nathalie Hilmi, Alain Safa, Ihsen Ketata
Environmental Risks, Policy Decisions In Large Multinational Companies And Policy Makers In Tunisia, Nathalie Hilmi, Alain Safa, Ihsen Ketata
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
In a world with local and global instability (economic, social and financial policies), an environmental disaster can have particularly devastating effects at the economic and human levels. We are also witnessing an increasing "legalization" of the causes and consequences of environmental degradation. The issue of prediction (anticipation and evaluation) of natural and anthropogenic risk is posed in terms of moral and sometimes criminal, political responsibility, as well as to the scientific community. In this context, researchers themselves might be tempted to "hedge" legal risks, by considering in their forecasts, the most "extreme" assumptions.
Sensitivity Of Turkish Income Distributions To Choice Of Equivalence Scale, Sinem Sefil
Sensitivity Of Turkish Income Distributions To Choice Of Equivalence Scale, Sinem Sefil
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Income surveys are typically designed to collect income data on the household level. In order to obtain reliable outcomes from income distribution and inequality analysis, it is of crucial importance to consider households’ composition and varying needs. Relying on data from Turkey’s 2009-2011 Income and Living Conditions Survey (SILC), this paper examines the GE class inequality indices and Gini coefficient in terms of their sensitivity to choice of equivalence scales. It uses both one-parameter and two-parameter parametric equivalence scales to capture the effects of household size and decomposition. Following Coulter et al. (1992a), this study tests the sensitivity of the …
Sustainable Tourism In Some Mena Countries, Nathalie Hilmi, Alain Safa, Brice Teisserenc, Nicolas Peridy
Sustainable Tourism In Some Mena Countries, Nathalie Hilmi, Alain Safa, Brice Teisserenc, Nicolas Peridy
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
According to UNWFTO, 20% of world tourism is concentrated in Mediterranean countries. The wealth in natural resources of the Mediterranean coastline (beautiful landscape, climate favorable for tourism, important biodiversity, etc…) makes it the first world touristic destination. The development of the tourism sector has permitted economics gains, especially for economies on the North side of the Mediterranean Sea. Nevertheless tourism also has harmful effects such as deterioration of the environment. According to the Plan Bleu, in 2000, 40% of the 46 000 Km of the Mediterranean coastline are artificial and urbanized. This situation is not sustainable because the increases in …
Self-Employment And Unemployment In Turkey, Yasemin Ozerkek, Fatma Dogruel
Self-Employment And Unemployment In Turkey, Yasemin Ozerkek, Fatma Dogruel
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The relationship between the rates of self-employment and unemployment has been extensively studied in the literature. The results of the existing studies are varied. The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamic relationship between these variables in Turkey. The results indicate that there is a long-run relationship between the rates of self-employment and unemployment. Changes in self-employment rates have a negative effect on subsequent unemployment rates. There is evidence for the existence of causality running from self-employment rate to unemployment rate. The results reveal the existence of an entrepreneurial effect. However, it is not possible to assess the …
The Determinants Of Broadband Access And Usage In Turkey: Do Regions Matter?, Emin Köksal, Bülent Anil
The Determinants Of Broadband Access And Usage In Turkey: Do Regions Matter?, Emin Köksal, Bülent Anil
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The aim of the paper is to examine the determinants of broadband internet access in Turkey, and in particular, whether the probability of adopting broadband access varies by region. This study also attempts to find out whether there are regional disparities in engaging in various online activities. The 2012 ICT Household Survey that was conducted and administered by TURKSTAT is used. Probit model of probability of adopting broadband access is estimated and results are consistent with the earlier studies: Education, gender, age and household size matter. Besides this, the probability of adoption in West and Central Turkey is higher than …
Simulating The Turkish Tax System, Adem Ileri, Pinar Derin-Güre
Simulating The Turkish Tax System, Adem Ileri, Pinar Derin-Güre
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Tax systems are used for economic and social concerns such as promoting the economic growth or decreasing the income inequality and tax evasion, increasing the social welfare, etc. Researchers argue that the consumption taxes are quite high in Turkey compared to other OECD countries. Since, the proposed tax reform in this study decreases the VAT rate to 15 percent and increases the top statutory income tax rate to 40 percent. This paper constructs and present first set of a 55-period overlapping generations (OLG) model for Turkey to analyze and evaluate the impact of tax reform on macroeconomic variables and welfare. …
Fdi Effects On Economic Growth: The Role Of Natural Resource And Environmental Policy, Maryam Asghari, Nathalie Hilmi, Alain Safa
Fdi Effects On Economic Growth: The Role Of Natural Resource And Environmental Policy, Maryam Asghari, Nathalie Hilmi, Alain Safa
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a crucial ingredient of the global economy. In the Persian Gulf, FDI is a major source of economic growth, employment, technology, and productivity. Because of these benefits, attracting FDI in the Persian Gulf region has become a key element of strategies promoting economic development. Natural resources and environmental policy in host countries may affect the FDIeconomic growth relationship. There has been much dispute as to whether economies that are open and those with more natural capital and lax environmental policy grow faster. This paper examines whether natural resources and environmental policy in Persian Gulf countries …
Is Poverty A Cause Or A Result Of Poor Labor Market Performance In Turkey?, Ayse Aylin Bayar, Serkhan Degirmenci
Is Poverty A Cause Or A Result Of Poor Labor Market Performance In Turkey?, Ayse Aylin Bayar, Serkhan Degirmenci
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The Turkish economy has shown great economic growth performance from 2000 onwards. Many main macroeconomic indicators show remarkable improvement, including poverty and income inequality. Although poverty has declined; it still has one of the highest ratios compared to other developing countries. In this respect, fighting against poverty and sustaining poverty alleviation are still very substantial issues for Turkey. Similarly, the labor force participation rate of females in the urban labor market has an increasing trend over this period. And, again the female labor force participation rate is one of the lowest ratios among OECD countries. With these examples in mind, …
Do Wives’ Earnings Have An Impact On Income Inequality?: Evidence From Turkey, Ayse Aylin Bayar, Bengi Yanik İlhan
Do Wives’ Earnings Have An Impact On Income Inequality?: Evidence From Turkey, Ayse Aylin Bayar, Bengi Yanik İlhan
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The Turkish economy has been experiencing a structural transformation as a result of economic liberalization, especially after the 1990s. Liberalization and integration to the world economy have had inevitable distributional consequences. In that sense, trends in the distribution of income have received substantial attention in recent years. As income inequality becomes an important issue for developing countries, gender (in)equality in Turkey also has gained attention. There exists a vast survey in the literature about the relationship between gender discrimination and inequality. Mainly, more recent research has concentrated on the reasons for gender discrimination in the labor market and its effects …
The Impact Of Institutional Quality In Attracting Foreign Direct Investment In Algeria, Bounoua Chaib, Matallah Siham
The Impact Of Institutional Quality In Attracting Foreign Direct Investment In Algeria, Bounoua Chaib, Matallah Siham
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study examines the impact of institutional quality in attracting FDI in Algeria over the period 1995-2011 using the Heritage Foundation’s economic freedom index which reflects economic institutional quality (EIQ) and two governance indicators, namely: government effectiveness (GE) and voice and accountability (VA) that represent political institutional quality. The Johansen cointegration test has been employed in order to investigate the existence of long-run relationships among the tested variables. Additionally, the vector error correction model (VECM) has been applied to analyze the long-run and short-run dynamic relationships among the various time series, besides using both impulse response functions and variance decomposition. …