Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Academic Motivation Decreases Across Adolescence For Youth With And Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Effects Of Motivation On Academic Success, Zoe Smith, Marcus Flax, Stephen P. Becker, Joshua Langberg

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This longitudinal study examined growth trajectories of academic motivation in youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the important developmental transition from middle school to high school, and associations with academic success. Consistent with self-determination theory (SDT) of motivation, trajectories of amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation were modeled.

Does The Peer-Led Honest, Open, Proud Program Reduce Stigma’S Impact For Everyone? An Individual Participant Data Meta-Regression Analysis, Thomas Klein, Markus Kösters, Patrick W. Corrigan, Winnie W.S. Mak, Lindsay Sheehan, Colleen Conley, Nathalie Oexle, Nicolas Rüsch

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Purpose

Many people with mental illness experience self-stigma and stigma-related stress and struggle with decisions whether to disclose their condition to others. The peer-led Honest, Open, Proud (HOP) group program supports them in their disclosure decisions. In randomized controlled trials, HOP has shown positive effects on self-stigma and stigma stress on average. This study examined individual predictors of HOP outcomes and tested the hypothesis that stigma stress reduction at the end of HOP mediates positive HOP effects at follow-up.

Methods

Six RCTs were included with data at baseline, post (after the HOP program) and at 3- or 4-week follow-up. Baseline …

Editorial: Emotion Processing In Autism Spectrum Disorders, Denise Davidson, Nicole Russo-Ponsaran, Maaike Marijn Van Rest, Angela Scarpa

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication and restrictive and repetitive interests. Although progress has been made in understanding its phenomenology, underlying mechanisms for core and co-occurring difficulties remain elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that emotion processing and regulation play a critical role in the challenges experienced by autistic individuals. This special issue provides current thinking related to methods, research, and practice in the field of emotion processing and regulation in ASD, and to integrate study findings to elucidate underlying mechanisms. With a global perspective, article coverage includes (1) explorations of the neurological underpinnings …

The War-Zone Mentality — Mental Health Effects Of Gun Violence In U.S. Children And Adolescents, James Garbarino

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Does gun violence affect the mental health of U.S. children? That question has the same answer as most inquiries about child and adolescent development: it depends. Rarely does a simple cause–effect relationship apply to the same degree to all children, and the same exposures may even have opposite effects on different children. Such variability is an essential truth of the “ecological perspective” on child and adolescent development. But from this perspective, consideration of gun violence’s effects on the mental health of young people highlights two issues among the many facing U.S. society: traumatic responses in children directly exposed to gun …

The Impact Of Mobile Technology-Delivered Interventions On Youth Well-Being: Systematic Review And 3-Level Meta-Analysis, Colleen Conley, Elizabeth B. Raposa, Kate Bartolotta, Sarah E. Broner, Maya Hareli, Nicola Forbes, Kirsten M. Christensen, Mark Assink

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background: Rates of mental health problems among youth are high and rising, whereas treatment seeking in this population remains low. Technology-delivered interventions (TDIs) appear to be promising avenues for broadening the reach of evidence-based interventions for youth well-being. However, to date, meta-analytic reviews on youth samples have primarily been limited to computer and internet interventions, whereas meta-analytic evidence on mobile TDIs (mTDIs), largely comprising mobile apps for smartphones and tablets, have primarily focused on adult samples.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mTDIs for a broad range of well-being outcomes in unselected, at-risk, and clinical samples of …

Examining The Implementation Of Teacher–Child Interaction Training-Universal In Public Schools, Catherine Decarlo Santiago, Yvita Bustos, Susana Sosa, Roxanna Flores Toussaint, Sarah Gebhardt, David Stern

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The Teacher–Child Interaction Training-Universal (TCIT-U) is a professional development program for teachers that promotes positive relational interactions and strengthens classroom management. This study examines the implementation of TCIT-U in a public school district to guide future implementation and sustainability. This study uses qualitative methods to examine the implementation of TCIT-U across preschool through second-grade classrooms in a suburban public school district in Illinois, United States. Eight teachers and five coaches participated in focus groups, while three administrators completed interviews. Qualitative data from focus groups and interviews are supplemented by quantitative data on satisfaction, teacher sense of efficacy, teacher observations, and …

Spanish-English Bilingual Toddlers’ Vocabulary Skills: The Role Of Caregiver Language Input And Warmth, Perla B. Gámez, Francisco Palermo, Jordan S. Perry, Maily Galindo

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

There is a well-documented link between bilingual language development and the relative amounts of exposure to each language. Less is known about the role of quality indicators of caregiver-child interactions in bilingual homes, including caregiver input diversity, warmth and sensitivity. This longitudinal study examines the relation between caregiver input (lexical diversity, amount), warmth and sensitivity and bilingual toddlers’ subsequent vocabulary outcomes. We video-recorded caregiver-child interactions in Spanish-English Latino homes when toddlers (n = 47) were 18 months of age (M = 18.32 months; SD = 1.02 months). At the 24-month follow-up, we measured children's vocabulary as total vocabulary (English, Spanish …

Parents' School-Related Concerns And Perceived Strengths In Youth With Spina Bifida, Adrien Winning, Monique M. Ridosh, Elicia Wartman, Tessa Kritikos, Catherine Friedman, Meridith Starnes., Autumn N. Crowe, Grayson Holmbeck

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

BackgroundAlthough the academic difficulties of children with spina bifida (SB) are well-documented, there is limited literature on parents' views of their children's school experiences and school-related supportive services. Thus, the current study examined parents' school-related concerns, as well as perceived areas of strength, among children with SB.MethodsUsing a mixed-methods approach, 30 families (29 mothers and 19 fathers) of children with SB (ages 8–15 years) completed questionnaires and interviews. Content analysis was used to generate themes from interview data about parents' school-related concerns and perceptions of their child's strengths.ResultsOverall, six themes emerged when assessing both parents' concerns and perceived strengths. Some …

Systems Of Oppression: The Impact Of Discrimination On Latinx Immigrant Adolescents’ Well-Being And Development, Stephanie A. Torres, Susana Sosa Phd, Roxanna Flores Tousaint Phd, Sarah Alicia Jolie Phd, Yvita Bustos Phd

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

With over 400 harmful immigration policy changes in the past 4 years, Latinx adolescents and families nationwide are developing within a context of extreme anti-immigrant sentiment (Dismantling and reconstructing the U.S. immigration system: A catalog of changes under the Trump presidency, Migration Policy Institute, 2020). This paper introduces the Multitiered Model of Oppression and Discrimination (MMOD), a conceptual model for understanding the impacts of multiple levels of discrimination on the well-being and development of Latinx immigrant adolescents. Interpersonal discrimination (Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2010, 32, 259), community-held stereotypes (Social Psychology of Education, 2001, 5, 201), institutional policies (Children and …

Current Progress And Future Directions For Theory And Research On Savoring, Fred Bryant

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

As research on savoring has increased dramatically since publication of the book Savoring: A New Model of Positive Experience (Bryant and Veroff, 2007), savoring has gradually become a core concept in positive psychology. I begin by reviewing the evolution of this concept, the development of instruments for assessing savoring ability and savoring strategies, and the wide range of applications of savoring in the psychosocial and health sciences. I then consider important directions for future theory and research. To advance our understanding of how naturalistic savoring unfolds over time, future work should integrate the perceptual judgments involved in not only the …

Identity Selection And The Social Construction Of Birthdays, Brett Pelham, Tracy Dehart, Mitsuru Shimizu, Curtis D. Hardin, H. Anna Han, William Von Hippel

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

We argue that rather than being a wholly random event, birthdays are sometimes selected by parents. We further argue that such effects have changed over time and are the result of important psychological processes. Long ago, U.S. American parents greatly overclaimed holidays as their children's birthdays. These effects were larger for more important holidays, and they grew smaller as births moved to hospitals and became officially documented. These effects were exaggerated for ethnic groups that deeply valued specific holidays. Parents also overclaimed well-liked calendar days and avoided disliked calendar days as their children's birthdays. However, after birthday selection effects virtually …

Stress And Coping In Youth With Spina Bifida: A Brief Longitudinal Study In A Summer Camp Setting, Diana Margaret Ohanian, Tessa Kritikos, Olivia Clark, Kezia C. Shirkey, Meridith Starnes., Grayson Holmbeck

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Introduction: It is well established that youth with chronic conditions experience elevated levels of stress; the manner in which they respond to or cope with this stress is likely to impact both health and psychosocial outcomes. The current study examined stress and coping in youth and young adults with spina bifida (SB) using the response to stress questionnaire-SB version (RSQ-SB; Connor-Smith et al., 2000).

Methods: Data were collected as part of a camp-based psychosocial intervention for children (ages 7–13), adolescents (ages 14–19), and young adults (ages 20–38) with SB. Participants completed the RSQ-SB as well as questionnaires assessing demographics …

Children’S Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity On Weekdays Versus Weekend Days: A Multi-Country Analysis, Keith Brazendale, Keith W. Beets, Bridget Armstrong, R Glenn Weaver, Ethan T. Hunt, Russell R. Pate, Timothy A. Brusseau, Amy Bohnert, Timothy Olds, Rafael M. Tassitano, Maria Cecilia M. Tenorio, Jeanette Garcia, Lars B. Andersen, Rachel Davey, Pedro C. Hallal, Russell Jago, Elin Kolle, Susi Kriemler, Peter L. Kristensen, Soyang Kwon, Jardena J. Pider, Jo Salmon, Luis B. Sardinha, Esther M F Van Sluijs

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Purpose

The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children’s behaviors associated with obesity – such as physical activity – are more favorable on days that contain more ‘structure’ (i.e., a pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environment) such as school weekdays, compared to days with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels on weekdays versus weekend days using a large, multi-country, accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset.

Methods

Data were received from the International Children’s Accelerometer Database (ICAD) July 2019. The ICAD inclusion criteria for a valid day of wear, only …

Family Functioning Guidelines For The Care Of People With Spina Bifida, Tessa K. Kritikos, Grayson Holmbeck

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Research supports a resilience-disruption model of family functioning in families with a child with spina bifida. Guidelines are warranted to both minimize disruption to the family system and maximize family resilience and adaptation to multiple spina bifida-related and normative stressors. This article discusses the spina bifida family functioning guidelines from the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida, and reviews evidence-based directions with the intention of helping individuals with spina bifida achieve optimal mental health throughout their lifespan. Guidelines address clinical questions pertaining to the impact of having a child …

Distributed Cognition In Teams Is Influenced By Type Of Task And Nature Of Member Interactions, R. S. Tindale, Jeremy R. Winget, Verlin B. Hinsz

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

In contemporary organizations, many if not most teams work on cognitive or information processing tasks (Hinsz, Tindale, & Vollrath, 1997). The past 50 years of research has taught us much about how information is accessed, created, attended to, and processed as groups attempt to complete various tasks. However, many of the information processing effects that have been observed are at least somewhat task specific, yet little research has focused specifically on tasks and how their information processing requirements differ. In this chapter, we discuss how task differences can impact how groups use and process information and how different information distribution …

The Youngest Victims: Children And Youth Affected By War, James Garbarino, Amy E. Governale, Danielle Nesi

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

In 1989, the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child declared, “[state parties] shall take all feasible measures to ensure protection and care of children who are affected by an armed conflict.” In addition to attempting to secure the welfare of children in armed conflict, the Convention went on to ban the recruitment and deployment of children during armed conflict. Despite the vast majority of sovereign nations signing and ratifying this agreement, this treaty, unfortunately, has not prevented children and youth from witnessing, becoming victims of, or participating in political, ethnic, religious, and cultural violence across the past …

Stereotypic Morality: The Influence Of Group Membership On Moral Foundations, Jeremy R. Winget, R. S. Tindale

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Today’s modern world affords many benefits, one of which is the ability to have near-instantaneous interactions with groups and cultures other than our own. Though advantageous in many situations, one challenge for these groups is navigating what they perceive to be right and wrong in a cooperative manner despite having different modes of morality. Moral foundations theory holds groups use the same moral foundations to guide their judgments and decision making, but there has been little research on how the perception of these foundations differs within and between groups. Thus, the current study examined how moral foundations operate from a …

Neuroticism As The Intensity, Reactivity, And Variability In Day-To-Day Affect, Garrett C. Hisler, Zlatan Krizan, Tracy Dehart, Aidan G.C. Wright

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Neuroticism has been linked to typical levels of affect, affect reactivity to negative events, and variability in affect over time. However, the intercorrelations among these characteristics make it unclear whether neuroticism reflects unique variance in each of these aspects of emotional life. Data from two daily-diary samples revealed that neuroticism was associated with average levels and variability of positive and negative affect and reactivity of negative affect to stressors, but was only uniquely related to mean levels of positive and negative affect. Findings highlight the substantial overlap in affect indices, suggesting that mean levels of affect, at the very least, …

Savoring The Moment: A Link Between Affectivity And Depression, Ian J. Kahrilas, Jennifer L. Smith, Rebecca L. Silton, Fred B. Bryant

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Objective: Positive affectivity (PA; disposition to experience positive moods) and negative affectivity (NA; disposition to experience negative moods) may be risk factors for depression. Low PA may impair positive emotion regulation (savoring), potentially exacerbating depression. Understanding the mechanisms in which temporal domains of savoring influence the relationship between affectivity and depression may help advance depression treatments.

Method: 1,618 participants (1,243 females; 70.0% Caucasian, 19.1% Asian, 4.5% African American, 0.9% Pacific Islander, 0.7% American Indian or Alaskan Native, 4.9% Biracial) ages 17 - 40 (M = 18.99, SD = 1.33) completed questionnaires. An exploratory path analysis was run with …

Cheers To Equality! Both Hostile And Benevolent Sexism Predict Increases In College Women’S Alcohol Consumption, Hannah R. Hamilton, Tracy Dehart

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Based on research suggesting that alcohol consumption can be used as a means of coping with negative affect (Cooper et al. 1995), the current study examines sexism as a factor in college women’s alcohol consumption. Despite being more prevalent than hostile sexism, benevolent sexism is often viewed as less sexist (Oswald et al. 2018) and having a less aversive impact on women (Bosson et al. 2010). To increase understanding of the negative effects of both hostile and benevolent sexism, the current study experimentally manipulated sexism during a lab session and measured 176 U.S. college women’s actual alcohol consumption that evening. …

Regulating Positive Emotions: Implications For Promoting Well-Being In Individuals With Depression, Rebecca L. Silton

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Experiencing positive emotions is paramount to derive vitality from daily lived experiences. Positive emotions are associated with a range of beneficial outcomes, including longevity, reduced incidents of stroke, improved sleep quality, larger social networks, increased prosocial behavior, lower cortisol levels, and increased endogenous opioids and oxytocin. Despite these benefits, only limited research has focused on understanding positive emotion regulation within the context of depression. Rather, mechanisms related to the regulation of negative emotion have been the focus of research and evidence-based treatments. This interdisciplinary review article aims to advance knowledge regarding the role of positive emotion regulation in individuals with …

Rewarding Effects Of M4 But Not M3 Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Antgonism In The Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus, Nicole Buie, Dharm Sodha, Sarah B. Scheinman, Stephan Steidel

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) receives inputs from the laterodorsal tegmental and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei, the two principle brainstem cholinergic nuclei. We tested the effects of RMTg M3 and M4 muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonism in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in mice. RMTg infusions of the M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist 1,1-Dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide (4-DAMP) do not result in the acquisition of CPP but increase locomotor activation. By contrast, RMTg infusions of the M4 muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist Tropicamide result in the acquisition of CPP but do not increase locomotor activation. The rewarding effects of RMTg Tropicamide infusions are dopamine-dependent …

Transitions Into Higher Education, Brynn M. Huguenel, Colleen S. Conley

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The transition into higher education is internationally recognized as a critical developmental period characterized by changes in contexts, identities, relationships, roles, and responsibilities. Further, it typically coincides with the developmental progression from late adolescence to emerging adulthood, which brings its own challenges and opportunities for success as well as struggle. This confluence of disruption and change can contribute to psychological upheaval or reveal resilience. The entry begins with a discussion of the current state of higher education enrollment, and describes the transition to higher education within various key domains, including considerations of identity and development in emerging adulthood, relational and …

Exploring An Existing Weight Management App For Use With Adolescents And Young Adults With Spina Bifida: Usability Study, Elizabeth C. Stiles-Shields, Brittney Garcia, Kimberly Villota, Elicia Wartman, Adrien M. Winning, Grayson Holmbeck

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background: Adolescents and young adults with spina bifida (AYA-SBs) have unique user needs, given their variable and complex symptom profile. Owing to multiple barriers to prevention and intervention treatments for secondary conditions (eg, obesity), AYA-SBs may benefit from the use of behavioral intervention technologies (BITs). However, as BITs are often designed and tested with typically developing individuals, it is unclear if existing BITs may be usable for AYA-SBs.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the usability of a high-quality, publicly available, weight management–focused mobile BIT (smartphone app) for AYA-SBs.

Methods: Overall, 28 AYA-SBs attending a Young Men’s Christian Association–based summer …

Logistic Discriminant Analysis And Structural Equation Modeling Both Identify Effects In Random Data, Ariel Linden, Fred B. Bryant, Paul R. Yarnold

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Recent research compared the ability of various classification algorithms [logistic regression (LR), random forests (RF), support vector machines (SVM), boosted regression (BR), multi-layer perceptron neural net model (MLP), and classification tree analysis (CTA)] to correctly fail to identify a relationship between a binary class (dependent) variable and ten randomly generated attributes (covariates): only CTA failed to find a model. We use the same ten-variable N=1,000 dataset to assess training classification accuracy of models developed by logistic discriminant analysis (LDA), generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM), and robust diagonally-weighted least-squares (DWLS) SEM for binary outcomes. Except for CTA, all machine-learning algorithms assessed …

Breaking Down Gesture And Action In Mental Rotation: Understanding The Components Of Movement That Promote Learning, Elizabeth M. Wakefield-Connell, Alana E. Foley, Raedy Ping, Julia N. Villarreal, Susan Goldin-Meadow, Susan C. Levine

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Past research has shown that children’s mental rotation skills are malleable and can be improved through action experience—physically rotating objects—or gesture experience—showing how objects could rotate (e.g., Frick, Ferrara, & Newcombe, 2013; Goldin-Meadow et al., 2012; Levine, Goldin-Meadow, Carlson, & Hemani-Lopez, 2018). These two types of movements both involve rotation, but differ on a number of components. Here, we break down action and gesture into components—feeling an object during rotation, using a grasping handshape during rotation, tracing the trajectory of rotation, and seeing the outcome of rotation—and ask, in two studies, how training children on a mental rotation task through …

Deception In Group Contexts, J R. Winget, R. S. Tindale

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Unethical behavior is often viewed as an individual-level phenomenon. However, group membership can influence individuals’ choices to behave ethically or not (Messick, 2006). This chapter discusses whether and when groups will be more likely than individuals to use deception. We focus on three areas of research. The first involves comparing individuals and groups in mixed-motive situations, and the discontinuity between individual and group responses to economic games: individuals tend to cooperate while groups tend to compete (Wildschut, Pinter, Veva, Insko, & Schopler, 2003). In terms of deception, this is interesting as both individuals and groups initially cooperate. We discuss explanations …

Commentary: Mediation And Moderation: An Historical Progress Report, Grayson Holmbeck

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

No abstract provided.

Development And Validation Of The Japanese Version Of The Savoring Beliefs Inventory (Sbi-J)., Atsushi Kawakubo, Fred B. Bryant, Erika Miyakawa, Takashi Oguchi

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Savoring is defined as people’s capacity to attend to positive experiences and to regulate positive feelings in response to positive events. The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese adaptation of the Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI-J). The SBI is a self-report measure designed to assess individuals’ beliefs about their ability to savor positive experience within three temporal orientations involving future-focused anticipation of upcoming positive events, present-focused savoring of ongoing positive moments, and past-focused reminiscence about positive memories. After back-translating the SBI, we used an Internet survey to administer the instrument, along with a set of validational criterion measures, …

A Latent Class Analysis Of Community Violence Exposure And Peer Delinquency In African American Adolescents, Amanda N. Burnside, Noni K. Gaylord-Harden, Suzanna So, Dexter R. Voisin

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Aims

Person-based analyses have demonstrated wide variability among the levels of exposure to community violence (ECV) experienced by youth in disadvantaged communities. In addition, social network research has found that violence victimization tends to occur primarily among a small social group, demonstrating that levels of peer delinquency may be a factor that distinguishes among youth who experience high and low levels of ECV.

Methods

The current study utilized latent class analysis to examine profiles of ECV and peer delinquency in a sample of 618 African American adolescents (54.7% female; mean age = 15.8, SD = 1.41), and the relationship …