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James Madison University

International Journal on Responsibility

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

“He’S In Jail Now And I Don’T Feel Bad”: Analyzing Sureties’ Decisions To Report Bail Violations, Rachel Schumann, Carolyn Yule Jan 2024

“He’S In Jail Now And I Don’T Feel Bad”: Analyzing Sureties’ Decisions To Report Bail Violations, Rachel Schumann, Carolyn Yule

International Journal on Responsibility

The control, supervision, and rehabilitation of criminalized people often falls on the shoulders of non-state agents and organizations. Surety bail releases are a clear embodiment of this trend, as the courts call upon relatives, friends, and employers to supervise the pre-conviction activity of people accused of a crime. According to the law, sureties must report all bail violations to the police; the resulting diffusion of responsibility is said to increase the penal state’s power and control over criminal justice-involved individuals while minimizing reputational risks. Yet how sureties carry out this role in the community remains unexplored. Using data from 36 …

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Volume 6, Issue 1 (2023) Criminal Justice Agents And Responsibility, Colleen Berryessa, Elizabeth Griffiths, Kaitlen Hubbard, Deena A. Isom, Kateryna Kaplun, Hiuxuan Li, Siyu Liu, Esther Nir, Heather L. Scheuerman, Rachel Schumann, Sandy Xie, Carolyn Yule Dec 2023

Volume 6, Issue 1 (2023) Criminal Justice Agents And Responsibility, Colleen Berryessa, Elizabeth Griffiths, Kaitlen Hubbard, Deena A. Isom, Kateryna Kaplun, Hiuxuan Li, Siyu Liu, Esther Nir, Heather L. Scheuerman, Rachel Schumann, Sandy Xie, Carolyn Yule

International Journal on Responsibility

This special issue of the International Journal on Responsibility (IJR) advances scholarship on the various ways responsibility infuses the roles of criminal justice agents. As the inaugural issue of my tenure as Editor-in-Chief, Volume 6 deepens our understanding of responsibility in the context of the criminal justice system, thereby fulfilling IJR’s aim and scope. Specifically, the articles highlight issues of responsibility within each component of the criminal justice system: police, courts, and corrections.

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Do Judges Understand Technology? How Attorneys And Advocates View Judicial Responsibility In Cyberstalking And Cyberharassment Cases, Kateryna Kaplun Dec 2023

Do Judges Understand Technology? How Attorneys And Advocates View Judicial Responsibility In Cyberstalking And Cyberharassment Cases, Kateryna Kaplun

International Journal on Responsibility

As new technologies emerge and are increasingly used to commit interpersonal cybercrimes like cyberstalking and cyberharassment, the legal system lags in assisting victims in obtaining justice in these types of experiences. This qualitative research study explores how attorney and advocate interviewees from Illinois, New Jersey, and New York view judges’ responsibility to the law in cyberstalking and cyberharassment cases. This study finds three themes: judges’ lack of understanding of technology and its harms, discretion, and law on the books versus law in action as important factors and frameworks that contribute to why judges do not consider the importance of technology …

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The Influence Of Prior Legal Background On Judicial Sentencing Considerations, Esther Nir, Siyu Liu Dec 2023

The Influence Of Prior Legal Background On Judicial Sentencing Considerations, Esther Nir, Siyu Liu

International Journal on Responsibility

State court judges are influenced by a myriad of factors during criminal case processing. To study the influence of prior legal background on judicial decision-making at sentencing, we performed in-depth qualitative interviews of 39 trial court judges presiding over criminal cases in a Northeastern U.S. state. We find that judges are influenced by their former legal experiences and most judges are cognizant of this influence. While certain sentencing considerations are prioritized for almost all judges (e.g., criminal history, seriousness of the offense), prioritization and processing of many other sentencing criteria are correlated with prior legal background. Former defense attorneys tend …

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Injustice In The Field? A Look At Field Booking Arrests In A Southeastern City, Deena A. Isom, Kaitlen E. Hubbard, Hiuxuan Li Nov 2023

Injustice In The Field? A Look At Field Booking Arrests In A Southeastern City, Deena A. Isom, Kaitlen E. Hubbard, Hiuxuan Li

International Journal on Responsibility

Issuing citations in lieu of arrests, or field booking arrests, is touted as beneficial by reducing the costs for the criminal legal system; reducing the burdens placed on individuals by avoiding arrest records, possible pretrial detention, and financial obligations; bettering community relationships with officers; increasing officer safety and efficiency; and reducing jail overcrowding. Yet, there are still substantial concerns that the practice may be disproportionately utilized and lead to net-widening. Using data obtained from a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request, we assess a snapshot of field booking arrests in a Southeastern city. Specifically, we assess if there are racial …

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Prosecutorial Actus Reus: Appellate Review Of Prosecutorial Misconduct And The Diminishment Of Responsibility, Elizabeth Griffiths, Heather L. Scheuerman, Sandy Xie Aug 2023

Prosecutorial Actus Reus: Appellate Review Of Prosecutorial Misconduct And The Diminishment Of Responsibility, Elizabeth Griffiths, Heather L. Scheuerman, Sandy Xie

International Journal on Responsibility

The socio-historical concept of criminal responsibility links the action (actus reus) and mental state (mens rea), or intention, of the actor (i.e., the defendant) to determine legal and moral liability for his or her behavior and to apportion punishment. When the actor responsible for immoral conduct is the prosecutor in pursuit of a conviction, the courts respond very differently. More specifically, because prosecutors are presumed to be moral and ethical system actors, assumptions about their good character likely influence the ways in which they are held to account. This study explores the content and arguments made …

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Examining Remorse In Attributions Of Focal Concerns During Sentencing: A Study Of Probation Officers, Colleen M. Berryessa Aug 2023

Examining Remorse In Attributions Of Focal Concerns During Sentencing: A Study Of Probation Officers, Colleen M. Berryessa

International Journal on Responsibility

This research, using interviews with probation officers in the United States (n = 151) and a constant comparative method for analysis, draws from the focal concerns framework to qualitatively model a process by which probation officers use a defendant’s remorse to attribute focal concerns in order to guide their sentencing recommendations in pre-sentencing reports. The model suggests that officers use expressions of remorse to make attributions about mitigated criminal intention (blameworthiness and notions of responsibility), reduced dangerousness and a high potential for reform (community protection), and organization-level effects for increasing caseload efficiency and using correctional resources (practical effects of …

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Understanding Migration And Psychological Health Of Migrant Workers, Zeba Rayee Jun 2023

Understanding Migration And Psychological Health Of Migrant Workers, Zeba Rayee

International Journal on Responsibility

Migration has been a dynamic phenomenon from the evolution of the human species. It affects various aspects of life and gets affected by different determinants around us. Various studies have been done in this field to comprehend the phenomenon and still, there are distinct aspects of it that need more attention. One such aspect is the psychological health of migrants. Migration is an inevitable process of human life that’s why understanding the phenomenon becomes very imperative. Especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, it has become crucial to study this aspect of migration. Various changes took place very rapidly as the covid-19 …

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Tracing The Impact Of Migration In Bangladesh: From Partition To The Pandemic, Sabrin Sarwar Jun 2023

Tracing The Impact Of Migration In Bangladesh: From Partition To The Pandemic, Sabrin Sarwar

International Journal on Responsibility

The challenge of migration has been multidimensional, with ramifications that range from economic, social, cultural, and even psychological. People have suffered deep trauma, which is reflected through their experiences of homelessness, the act of leaving their homeland or known habitat behind and being forced to travel due to societal pressure. This paper attempts to study migration-based literature and films with a special focus on two films from Bangladesh, Chitra Nodir Pare (Quite flows the River Chitra) and Maati (Back to its Roots). The first part of the paper examines how partition affected the subcontinent and caused trauma to multiple people …

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Acculturation: Strategies To Overcome Stress By Migrant Families, Samhita Chaudhuri, Susmita Bhattacharyya Jun 2023

Acculturation: Strategies To Overcome Stress By Migrant Families, Samhita Chaudhuri, Susmita Bhattacharyya

International Journal on Responsibility

Migration contributes to cultural change which involves acculturation, enculturation and resilience. Locational choice, cultural differences, coping mechanisms and learning specific skills help to sustain socio-economic life patterns. Seven domains are linked at the primary level (language, religion, cultural events, entertainment, food, and shopping habits); three at the secondary level (cognitive styles, behavioural patterns, and attitudes). On a temporal scale - acculturation reflects in cultural change of migrants’ psychological character and cultural-economic safety. Acculturation strategies involve processes like integration, separation, assimilation and marginalization based on individual and group identities. The paper will attempt to identify the underlying factors that shape the …

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Journey, Movement, Affect And Rhythm: Migration Through North Indian Folk Songs, Sangeeta Gupta, Shambhavi Gupta Jun 2023

Journey, Movement, Affect And Rhythm: Migration Through North Indian Folk Songs, Sangeeta Gupta, Shambhavi Gupta

International Journal on Responsibility

This paper captures the lived experiences and affect associated with migration, through the folk songs of North India. While migration is usually studied as a larger demographic movement involving temporary or permanent displacement and departure, our project captures the pain and apprehension it entails. We have tried to retrieve the vital connection between gender and migration through an analysis of folk songs about the experiences of women. These songs passed down as a part of the oral tradition, articulate how a woman engages and interacts with migration – both due to her marriage and also when her husband leaves home …

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Revisiting Development Discourse Amidst Informal Sector Crises Covid-19 Pandemic, Anjan Chakrabarti, Pooja Sharma Jun 2023

Revisiting Development Discourse Amidst Informal Sector Crises Covid-19 Pandemic, Anjan Chakrabarti, Pooja Sharma

International Journal on Responsibility

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, India has experienced a severe catastrophe of the informal sector, related to both health and livelihood. The informal sector and migrant workers are closely linked and they became easy prey during the nationwide lockdown at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The informal sector, primarily a fallout of the prevailing dual economy, makes it highly imperative to revisit not only India’s growth and development process but also the distribution. The paper attempts to evaluate the development process adopted by developing countries and their relevance in terms of growth and inequality. The study finds the missing link …

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Analysing Pandemic Induced Economic Inequality In Developing Nations, Ravneet Kaur Bhogal Jun 2023

Analysing Pandemic Induced Economic Inequality In Developing Nations, Ravneet Kaur Bhogal

International Journal on Responsibility

The dawn of the new decade of the 21st century saw an unprecedented global crisis. This crisis led the world to halt economic and social progress. It led to a galloping increase in the economic inequality and migration of people in search of opportunities to save them from the current situation. The developing nations saw a sea of people migrating back to their roots in search of safe havens. This has led to the loss of jobs which has increased income inequality. Migrants face the risk of contagion and also the possible loss of employment, wages, and health insurance coverage. …

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Mapping Ecological Footprints Of Migrants: A Gandhian Perspective, Pooja Sharma, Nav Jadon Jun 2023

Mapping Ecological Footprints Of Migrants: A Gandhian Perspective, Pooja Sharma, Nav Jadon

International Journal on Responsibility

Amid the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, migrants have suffered immensely not only across nations but also within the countries. Migration has been an inevitable phenomenon with the onset of globalization. With the commencement of globalization, humans are driven towards more and more consumerism. Thus, increasing levels of consumption have set further pressure on the limited resources in nature. On one hand, it is not ethically viable to cease migration, while on the other hand, while following their dreams or due to unavoidable circumstances, this international and inter-regional mobility results in a high level of consumption. The paper attempts to …

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Migration And Terrorism In Europe: A Nexus Of Two Crises, Shreya Sinha Jun 2023

Migration And Terrorism In Europe: A Nexus Of Two Crises, Shreya Sinha

International Journal on Responsibility

The migration surge into the borders of the European Union has become a major problem in Europe as it has led to several challenges to societal integration and political legitimacy. It is also a danger to cultural identity, domestic and labour market stability as well as internal security, such that a migrant is often perceived as a threat to European society. The first part of the paper attempts to throw light on this migration-security nexus in Europe and how migration has developed into a security issue. The second part discusses how the two crises of migration and terrorism have come …

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The Covid-19 Pandemic And Immigration- A Case Study Of Sweden, Sayantan Ghosal Jun 2023

The Covid-19 Pandemic And Immigration- A Case Study Of Sweden, Sayantan Ghosal

International Journal on Responsibility

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought challenges to the trend of immigration, rules of immigration, and immigrants in the state. For those Swedish employers who employ non-EU citizens, the outbreak has created several business immigration-related issues. In addition to this, refugees are also a vulnerable group in society who face several challenges ranging from asylum to integration. Compromised living conditions and health facilities put them at greater health risks if infected with the virus. The long-term consequences of this pandemic in the case of refugees may also take the form of unemployment and social isolation. The paper focuses on labour immigrants …

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Role Of Civil Society Organisations In Sweden For The Immigrants, Surabhi Singh Jun 2023

Role Of Civil Society Organisations In Sweden For The Immigrants, Surabhi Singh

International Journal on Responsibility

Various factors like globalisation and conflicts in many countries have led to a dramatic increase of immigrants in Sweden. Since the year 2000, fewer seekers have arrived in other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, and Norway) compared to Sweden which has experienced a significantly higher number of asylum seekers. The number of asylum seekers in Sweden is highest after Germany in all of Europe. The influx of migrants has put significant pressure on the country’s social services. Civil society is an important institution is plays a major role in the successful integration of migrants in the labour market and society with …

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Emerging As A Scholar-Advocate Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic, Isabelle Hoagland May 2023

Emerging As A Scholar-Advocate Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic, Isabelle Hoagland

International Journal on Responsibility

No abstract provided.

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'Shad' Never Made Them Happy: Pandemic And A Dis-Abling Educational System - Case Of Iran, Negin Hosseini Goodrich, Abouzar Samiei May 2023

'Shad' Never Made Them Happy: Pandemic And A Dis-Abling Educational System - Case Of Iran, Negin Hosseini Goodrich, Abouzar Samiei

International Journal on Responsibility

As the pandemic began, Iran quickly faced the worst outbreak in the Middle East during the winter of 2020. Traditional schools were consequently transferred to an online education without implementing appropriate adaptations, and restrictive policies of low-speed Internet and censorship negatively affected the quality of online education. The situation became even worse for Iranian students with disabilities. The Ministry of Education designed a new application, named Shaad (means happy), which was and remains inaccessible for people with disabilities. This qualitative research study explores the educational challenges of the Iranian students with disabilities during the pandemic. The authors argue physical and …

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Hierarchy Of Life: Whose Lives Do We Value?, Jessica Wiggins May 2023

Hierarchy Of Life: Whose Lives Do We Value?, Jessica Wiggins

International Journal on Responsibility

COVID-19 has heightened already existing health disparities amongst marginalized communities within the United States. In crisis, whose lives do healthcare systems value most and how are these decisions rooted in ableism and racism? Who is responsible for these inequities and in what ways? This multimedia presentation and companion paper explore these important questions.

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Sickening Responsibility- Thoughts On Care Work From A Chronically Ill Scholar Activist, Samuel Z. Shelton May 2023

Sickening Responsibility- Thoughts On Care Work From A Chronically Ill Scholar Activist, Samuel Z. Shelton

International Journal on Responsibility

What does it mean to focus practices of responsibility around sick/unwellness during pandemic times? Using a disability justice framework and drawing from my experiences as a chronically ill / sick person, in this article, I argue that responsibility takes on different meanings when examined through a critical framework that recognizes sickness as an ordinary aspect of life under interlocking systems of power, such as capitalism, White supremacy, ableism/sanism, and cisheteropatriarchy. In particular, I contend that beginning conversations about responsibility from the assumption of sickness - that everyone either sick or has the potential to become sick and that sick people …

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Volume 5, Issue 2 (2022) Migration, Community, And Environment During A Pandemic Dec 2022

Volume 5, Issue 2 (2022) Migration, Community, And Environment During A Pandemic

International Journal on Responsibility

No abstract provided.

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Volume 5, Issue 1 (2022) Migration, Community, And Environment During A Pandemic Sep 2022

Volume 5, Issue 1 (2022) Migration, Community, And Environment During A Pandemic

International Journal on Responsibility

No abstract provided.

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Concluding Remarks: Responsibility And Therapeutic Freedom, Fred Redekop, Chad Luke Aug 2020

Concluding Remarks: Responsibility And Therapeutic Freedom, Fred Redekop, Chad Luke

International Journal on Responsibility

No abstract provided.

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Feedback-Informed-Treatment: A Deliberate Approach To Responsible Practice, Zach Budesa Aug 2020

Feedback-Informed-Treatment: A Deliberate Approach To Responsible Practice, Zach Budesa

International Journal on Responsibility

As research continues to proliferate about the effectiveness of psychotherapy, mental health clinicians appear to be limited in their effectiveness and growth. If clinicians hope to meet their ethical responsibilities of beneficence and accountability, new methods to ensure client success are needed. Within the framework of deliberate practice, clinicians can use the methods of Feedback-informed treatment (FIT) to effectively modify treatment and improve their own performance, resulting in improved client outcomes. This manuscript will provide the evidence supporting the use of deliberate practice and FIT, the major aspects of each, and the potential that these approaches offer to mental health …

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The Development Of Professional Responsibility In Counselor Training, Ryan Bowers, Helen Hamlet Aug 2020

The Development Of Professional Responsibility In Counselor Training, Ryan Bowers, Helen Hamlet

International Journal on Responsibility

Responsibility in the field of counseling is a complex, multi-faceted concept which includes responsibility to the client, responsibility to the profession, and responsibility to the self. These responsibilities encompass the profession’s global role, the call to establish consistent professional requirements, the American Counseling Association’s Code of Ethics, the developmental process of student skill acquisition and professional identity development, and the curriculum and training requirements of counselor education programs. Following a general exploration of responsibility in counselor education, this article focuses on when and how counselors-in-training (CITs), as they grow in counseling skills and professional identity through coursework and mentoring and …

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Gatekeeping: A Counselor Educator’S Responsibility To The Counseling Profession And Community, Patricia L. Kimball, Lucy C. Phillips, Krista E. Kirka, John J.S. Harrichand Aug 2020

Gatekeeping: A Counselor Educator’S Responsibility To The Counseling Profession And Community, Patricia L. Kimball, Lucy C. Phillips, Krista E. Kirka, John J.S. Harrichand

International Journal on Responsibility

Counseling is one of the few professions practiced in private with vulnerable individuals. Because of this, counselors must be held to high training standards and be deemed competent prior to being allowed to practice independently. The responsibility for ensuring future counselors’ competence rests with counselor educators and clinical supervisors via a process known as gatekeeping. This paper highlights the importance of gatekeeping in the counseling profession and describes models of remediation for supervisors and educators navigating this complex process. Utilizing a case study, the authors demonstrate the protective function gatekeeping serves society by applying a gatekeeping decision-making model. Finally, recommendations …

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Therapeutic Termination: Translating Clinical Responsibility Into Ethically-Informed Practice, Christina M. Schnyders, Kristin Bruns Aug 2020

Therapeutic Termination: Translating Clinical Responsibility Into Ethically-Informed Practice, Christina M. Schnyders, Kristin Bruns

International Journal on Responsibility

Clinical termination is an important aspect of the therapeutic process, yet one that is largely underrepresented in literature across various helping professions. In this article, termination is defined, distinct types of clinical termination are outlined (e.g., clinician-initiated, client-initiated, and forced), and differences in the impact of termination based upon the termination source (unilateral versus mutual agreement) are explored. Further, various reasons for clinical termination are outlined, and the impact of termination on both clients and clinicians are discussed. A case study is presented to illustrate potential ethical considerations associated with the termination process. Finally, clinical responsibility is discussed in order …

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Allyship: The Responsibility Of White Counselor Education. Allies In Addressing Racism And Discrimination, Amanda M. Evans, Brittany Williams, A. Renée Staton, Darius Green, Charles Shepard Aug 2020

Allyship: The Responsibility Of White Counselor Education. Allies In Addressing Racism And Discrimination, Amanda M. Evans, Brittany Williams, A. Renée Staton, Darius Green, Charles Shepard

International Journal on Responsibility

Counselor educators have a responsibility to ensure client welfare in counselor training and this extends to increasing the cultural competence of counseling students when working with clients representing diverse populations. Due to the persistence of inequality and absence of cultural competence in the health and behavioral health settings, People of Color (POC) experience health disparities at alarming rates. This begs the questions about who is responsible for these health disparities and how inequities can be addressed. This Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) study examined the narratives of eleven self-reported White Allies who are working to dismantle oppression through their advocacy efforts. …

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Introductory Remarks On The Ijr Special Issue, Responsibility In Counselor Training And Practice, Chad Luke, Fred Redekop Aug 2020

Introductory Remarks On The Ijr Special Issue, Responsibility In Counselor Training And Practice, Chad Luke, Fred Redekop

International Journal on Responsibility

No abstract provided.

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