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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 497
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Towards Algorithmic Justice: Human Centered Approaches To Artificial Intelligence Design To Support Fairness And Mitigate Bias In The Financial Services Sector, Jihyun Kim
CMC Senior Theses
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has positively transformed the Financial services sector but also introduced AI biases against protected groups, amplifying existing prejudices against marginalized communities. The financial decisions made by biased algorithms could cause life-changing ramifications in applications such as lending and credit scoring. Human Centered AI (HCAI) is an emerging concept where AI systems seek to augment, not replace human abilities while preserving human control to ensure transparency, equity and privacy. The evolving field of HCAI shares a common ground with and can be enhanced by the Human Centered Design principles in that they both put humans, the user, at …
Your Anonymous Words Matter: The Harms Of Internet Anonymity And Its Inhibiting Effects On Producing Knowledge, Sena Selby
CMC Senior Theses
In this paper, I will argue against Karen Frost-Arnold’s claim that internet anonymity has more epistemic benefit than epistemic harm for online communities. I will first outline her arguments that anonymity poses epistemic benefits for speakers of marginalized communities, who often rely on anonymity to share their experience and testimony without fear of repercussions, such as testimonial injustice, backlash, and even physical harm. I will then consider objections to Frost-Arnold’s account made by others, including the idea that anonymous testimony is not reliable. I will show how this objection alone is insufficient against Frost-Arnold’s claim. Then, I will offer my …
Understanding Empathy: Exploring Power Relations, Group Dynamics, And Counter-Dominance In Shaping Outgroup Attitudes, Rachel Leonardi, Shana Levin
Understanding Empathy: Exploring Power Relations, Group Dynamics, And Counter-Dominance In Shaping Outgroup Attitudes, Rachel Leonardi, Shana Levin
CMC Senior Theses
This article is a literature review of how the context of group dynamics, power relations, and counter-dominance change our understanding of empathy towards outgroups. A large focus of current psychological research around empathy aims to better understand empathy in improving intergroup relations. However, many of the current studies measure the perspectives of the majority (high-power) groups, while failing to take into account the differences in the perspectives of the minority (low-power) groups, for whom empathy does not predict positive intergroup attitudes. In order to look at the importance of group dynamics and power relations in understanding empathy, I analyze different …
Designing A Personalization Intervention To Reduce Churn In Exercise Mobile Apps: A Research Proposal, Chris Li
CMC Senior Theses
Sports and fitness mHealth app development has rapidly increased since the COVID-19 pandemic due to changes in living situations that increased the demand for exercising remotely. App developers struggle to understand the various strategies in reducing the amount of users that churn as time progresses. This research proposal will primarily focus on the effect that personalization has on churn, seeing the increased development of mobile health apps, strong desire for curated experiences, and the recent relevance of AI. To fully understand the relationship between personalization and churn, moderator effects of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and user engagement will …
Analyzing The Mental Health Realities Among Daca Recipients Within The Mexican Community, Oscar Javier Gonzalez
Analyzing The Mental Health Realities Among Daca Recipients Within The Mexican Community, Oscar Javier Gonzalez
CMC Senior Theses
Immigration to the United States, particularly from Mexico, has resulted in a significant population of undocumented individuals residing in the nation. Among them are those who arrived in the U.S. as children, with some eligible for protection under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, offering temporary relief from deportation and government benefits. This thesis analyzes the historical context of immigration and the DACA program, focusing on the often-overlooked experiences and mental health realities encountered by Mexican DACA recipients. These experiences encompass the pursuit of the American Dream, deportation fears, family separation, challenges in accessing government services, navigating the …
Analysis Of Research On The Effects Of Auditory Stimulation On Anxiety And Stress In Clinical And General Populations, Rebecca Lee
Analysis Of Research On The Effects Of Auditory Stimulation On Anxiety And Stress In Clinical And General Populations, Rebecca Lee
CMC Senior Theses
The use of auditory stimulation may be a useful method in treating clinical anxiety disorders, as well as aiding in coping with daily stress among general populations. The understanding of how certain forms of auditory stimulation can increase anxiety and stress is also critical so clinicians and the general population can approach decreasing anxiety and stress in the most effective way possible. The following paper will provide a literature review on studies published after the year 2000, analyzing the various impacts of different types of auditory stimulation, including impacts of music-therapy, music and noise at different frequencies, binaural beat stimulation, …
Behavioural Normative Economics: Foundations, Approaches And Trends, Malte Dold
Behavioural Normative Economics: Foundations, Approaches And Trends, Malte Dold
Pomona Faculty Publications and Research
This article summarises the theoretical foundations, main approaches and current trends in the field of behavioural normative economics. It identifies bounded rationality and bounded willpower as the two core concepts that have motivated the field. Since the concepts allow for individual preferences to be context-dependent and time-inconsistent, they pose an intricate problem for standard welfare analysis. The article discusses the ways in which two prominent approaches - the preference purification approach and the opportunity approach - have tackled the problem. It argues that shortcomings in each of these approaches motivate an agency-centric perspective. The article presents two concrete policy proposals …
Where Do Babies Come From?, Marcio Luis Ferreira Nascimento
Where Do Babies Come From?, Marcio Luis Ferreira Nascimento
Journal of Humanistic Mathematics
According to European folklore, popularized by a fairy tale, storks are responsible for bringing babies to new parents. This probably came from observation in certain European countries, such as Norway, Netherlands or Germany, that storks nesting on the roofs of households were believed to bring good luck, as the possibility of new births. People love stories, but correlation simply means that there is a relationship between two factors that tells nothing about the direction of said relationship, if any. Another possibility is simple coincidence. Let us say that it’s possible that one factor causes another. It’s also possible that the …
Drama Therapy As An Intervention For Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Potential Benefits For Youth And Adulthood, Ella S. De Castro
Drama Therapy As An Intervention For Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Potential Benefits For Youth And Adulthood, Ella S. De Castro
Scripps Senior Theses
There are many interventions commonly used for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, one that has not been researched as often is drama therapy. Though there are not many studies on drama therapy and ASD, the ones that do exist seem to indicate positive results. The goal of this proposed study is to assess whether drama therapy could be a good intervention for ASD and if it could potentially be a better option compared to applied behavioral analysis (ABA). The proposed study is broken into two smaller studies. The first study explores the potential benefits of drama therapy for …
More Moments With Others Matter For Emotion Regulation And Well-Being: A Study Of First-Year College Students’ Daily Life During Covid-19, Jaymes Paolo Delas Armas Rombaoa
More Moments With Others Matter For Emotion Regulation And Well-Being: A Study Of First-Year College Students’ Daily Life During Covid-19, Jaymes Paolo Delas Armas Rombaoa
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted emerging adult, first-year college students’ daily lives and well-being. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) recognizes that effective and adaptive emotion regulation can be improved by training skills for managing contextual (ABC) and physiological (PLEASE) factors. An ecological momentary assessment study collected 1,796 data points from 76 first-year students' daily usage of emotion regulation (ER) skills and momentary experiences of well-being (PERMA; Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, Accomplishment) during COVID-19 in Spring 2020. Research questions explored: (a) Is usage of ER skills associated with elements of momentary PERMA above and beyond trait-level PERMA?; (b) Are lifestyle factors (e.g., …
The Value Of Mentoring In Living Out Your Calling, Megan Benzing
The Value Of Mentoring In Living Out Your Calling, Megan Benzing
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the way people think about the role that their job plays in their life. There is a greater desire for purposeful work and engaging in a role that positively impacts society, or more simply, to perceive and live a calling. One perceives a calling when they know the occupation that they were destined for or that fits with their values, where their strengths and passions are leveraged, and the job is prosocial in nature. However, perceiving this calling is only a piece of it, as one needs to work in a role where they actively …
The Effect Of Age, Syntax Complexity, And Cognitive Ability On The Rate Of Semantic Illusions, Sara Anne Goring
The Effect Of Age, Syntax Complexity, And Cognitive Ability On The Rate Of Semantic Illusions, Sara Anne Goring
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Semantic illusions are recognition errors that occur when an individual fails to notice that information contradicts their prior knowledge (Barton & Sanford, 1993; Erickson & Mattson, 1981). For example, after hearing the question, “If a plane crashes while flying over state lines, where should the survivors be buried?” many start to consider the legality or appropriateness of the scenario despite knowing “survivors” should not be buried. Having more knowledge does not necessarily prevent individuals from overlooking illusory information/misinformation. Older adults tend to have greater crystallized intelligence than young adults, yet these age groups appear to detect illusory information at equivalent …
What Motivates Transformational Leaders? On The Relationship Between Leaders’ Satisfaction Of Basic Psychological Needs And Transformational Leadership, Haoxiong Li
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The current research addresses the scarcity of studies exploring the motivational antecedents of transformational leadership, which focuses on developing followers for extraordinary performance. Grounded in the Self-Determination Theory, I propose that leaders' psychological needs satisfaction is associated with transformational leadership. Specifically, leaders' autonomous motivation, mindfulness, and positive affect are outcomes of their satisfaction of basic psychological needs and act as motivating factors for exhibiting transformational leadership behaviors. I conducted two studies to test these hypotheses. Study 1, a correlational study, aimed to establish relationships among the constructs. A sample of 238 leaders with at least two subordinates participated in an …
Ableism In Education: Professor Perpetuation Of Disability Discrimination Through Accommodation Non-Compliance, Kasey Bumgardner
Ableism In Education: Professor Perpetuation Of Disability Discrimination Through Accommodation Non-Compliance, Kasey Bumgardner
Scripps Senior Theses
This proposed study aims to explore factors that may decrease professor compliance with their disabled students’ documented academic accommodations, including pre-existing ableist beliefs held by professors, race of the disabled student, and visibility of the student’s disability. Participants will consist of undergraduate professors from colleges and universities across the United States, varying in size and geographical location. Participants will complete scales to assess their ableist beliefs, and will be asked to report their likelihood of complying with, or fully meeting, various disabled students’ documented accommodations. It is expected that results will reveal that professors who hold more ableist beliefs tend …
Music Therapy: Structural Music Modulation On Reducing Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder., Isha Kaur Singh
Music Therapy: Structural Music Modulation On Reducing Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder., Isha Kaur Singh
Scripps Senior Theses
The present study examines whether modulating musical structural elements in therapeutic treatment reduces the severity of symptoms among individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Music therapy has recently become a more utilized non-traditional treatment modality for anxiety. However, the specific elements of music that trigger relaxation responses alongside prevent rumination spirals has not received significant attention in literature thus far. This study aims to assess what type of music allows for the most effective treatment in reducing anxiety. Using a 2 (tempo: adagio, allegro) x 2 (timbre: string instrumental, vocal) x 2 (key: C major, D minor) between participants experimental …
La Sagrada Medicina De La Madre Tierra: Traditional Ancestral Preservation In Pomona, Ca Community Gardens, Lizbeth Valdivia-Jauregui
La Sagrada Medicina De La Madre Tierra: Traditional Ancestral Preservation In Pomona, Ca Community Gardens, Lizbeth Valdivia-Jauregui
Scripps Senior Theses
For thousands of years before colonization, Indigenous ancestral knowledge has preserved, honored, and nurtured the sacredness of Mother Earth through kin-based institutions knitted together in a cosmic web of lineages and tribes (Henrich, 2020). The purpose of this grounded theory community-centered study was to examine how traditional ancestral knowledge is transmitted within community gardens in the city of Pomona, CA. Participants (N = 16) were interviewed using open-ended qualitative interviews that followed Charmaz’s (2014) constructivist grounded theory framework, in order to explore participants’ perspectives and personal experiences in possibly viewing community gardens as spaces of cultural transmission (Charmaz, 2014). …
Certain That I Belong In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math (Stem): Women's Authentic Belonging And Men's Inclusion Actions Through Job Crafting, Cecelia Lee (Dotzler) Corson
Certain That I Belong In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math (Stem): Women's Authentic Belonging And Men's Inclusion Actions Through Job Crafting, Cecelia Lee (Dotzler) Corson
CGU Theses & Dissertations
As of 2022, the total number of Nobel Prizes granted in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields was roughly 614 and of those, only 24 have been awarded to women. STEM fields have historically excluded women at all levels with increasing impact at the higher levels of the career ladder (NSF, 2010). To address the stark gender gap in many organizational spaces including STEM, organizations have turned to diversity training with undetermined effectiveness (Devine & Ash, 2022). This dissertation research seeks to understand women’s authentic belonging in STEM fields and to develop an intervention to aid men in including …
Evaluative Thinking Amid Disaster, Phung Khanh Pham
Evaluative Thinking Amid Disaster, Phung Khanh Pham
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Evaluation and emergency medicine have appreciable parallels and are likely to intertwine as they each evolve, especially in response to disasters or other pervasive problems that can worsen into the future. Evaluative thinking—which largely involves critical thinking, valuing, and other dynamic processes—may be ubiquitously useful to practitioners, scholars, and others from both these fields of practice. In this dissertation, I referenced the dual systems theory of the human mind to conceptualize evaluative thinking as paradoxically fast (automatic) and slow (deliberate), and I characterized the COVID-19 pandemic as a disaster laden with societal games. Derived from game theory, societal games range …
Longitudinal Effects Of Prenatal Teratogen Exposure On Executive Function And Academic Outcomes, Dawn Michele Moore
Longitudinal Effects Of Prenatal Teratogen Exposure On Executive Function And Academic Outcomes, Dawn Michele Moore
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The healthy development of executive function in adolescents is essential for controlling attention and behavior, especially as children confront the challenges associated with puberty, social situations, parental pressures, academic pursuits, and the transition to adulthood. For children prenatally exposed to teratogenic substances (i.e., certain prescription medications, maternal infections or conditions, alcohol, tobacco, etc.), higher-order cognitive skills may be compromised, resulting in an increased risk of delayed developmental functioning, deficits in cognitive and executive functioning, and poorer academic outcomes. Research findings suggest that even low-to-moderate levels of alcohol and/or tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with poorer academic performance, lower IQ …
Assessment Of Founders In Venture Capital Investment Decisions, Gregory Gerald Hennessy
Assessment Of Founders In Venture Capital Investment Decisions, Gregory Gerald Hennessy
CGU Theses & Dissertations
This manuscript documents a research project that employs grounded theory to determine what criteria contemporary investors in early-stage startups use to assess founders. One of the first questions posed by entrepreneurship researchers - even before entrepreneurship had formalized as a field - was, what criteria do investors consider when making investments in startups? Initially, the central concern was whether it was the founder(s) or the business model, often characterized as the “jockey” or the “horse.” From the start, it was generally accepted that the founder was the primary consideration, especially in early-stage ventures. Nonetheless, while business model considerations were parsed …
A Forward-Looking Conceptualization Of Information Privacy, David Kallemeyn
A Forward-Looking Conceptualization Of Information Privacy, David Kallemeyn
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Privacy is a fluid and ever-evolving concept, studied across multiple fields and with numerous definitions. Privacy research in information systems (IS) is extensive yet has not traveled far beyond the IS realm and fully engaged in the broader conversations being had with regards to privacy. This research seeks to define a larger sense of privacy that integrates the many working definitions across fields, along with related concepts, and to develop an alternative framework that can account for the constant technological and socio-technical changes through which to engage in privacy research. One such framework is developed and tested, grounded in the …
The Structure Of Working Memory: A Review And New View Of Psychometric Models, Kevin Pablo Rosales
The Structure Of Working Memory: A Review And New View Of Psychometric Models, Kevin Pablo Rosales
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Beginning in the 1970s, a great deal of research in cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, psychometrics, and cognitive neuroscience has investigated the structure and function of working memory (WM), defined as the ability to actively maintain and manipulate information in the service of complex cognition (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). It is well established that WM is a limited capacity system and individual differences in WM capacity are strongly associated with important cognitive abilities and outcomes, such as general intelligence (Engle et al., 1999) and academic achievement (Swanson & Berninger, 1996; Ramirez et al., 2013). For this reason, WM is a central …
Culturally Responsive Evaluation Methods In Philanthropy: Striving For Community Inclusion Amidst Power Hoarding Practices, Cristina Elena-Tangonan Whyte
Culturally Responsive Evaluation Methods In Philanthropy: Striving For Community Inclusion Amidst Power Hoarding Practices, Cristina Elena-Tangonan Whyte
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The importance of culture in the field of evaluation can be observed through the advancements that culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) and culturally responsive equitable evaluation (CREE) scholars have made in this arena over the past few decades. The literature, however, still lacks close examination of how CRE approaches are applied in institutions where cultural bias exists, such as philanthropy. Few researchers have examined the biases present in partnering with funders, white dominant norms, and the extent to which these elements facilitate or inhibit community inclusion in CRE. To address this gap, the present study utilized an exploratory sequential mixed methods …
Targeting Negative Urgency And Expectancies In Persuasive Messaging, Emily Ann Warren
Targeting Negative Urgency And Expectancies In Persuasive Messaging, Emily Ann Warren
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Evidence indicates targeting outcome expectancies of risky health behaviors via persuasive communication is an effective approach for deterring risky health behaviors. Targeting specific domains of impulsivity (e.g., sensation seeking) via persuasive messaging has also been associated with reduced substance use. However, trait negative urgency, a unique domain of impulsivity involving rash action during negative affect, has yet to be used as a target for prevention efforts. Although scholars have suggested targeting both negative urgency and outcome expectancies in prevention efforts, this has yet to be assessed in an experimental setting. Two experimental studies assessed the value of targeting negative urgency …
Staying Engaged During The Remote Work Revolution: An Integrated Job Crafting Perspective, Christopher Legion Chen
Staying Engaged During The Remote Work Revolution: An Integrated Job Crafting Perspective, Christopher Legion Chen
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Hybrid and remote workers now comprise nearly one-third of the working population in the U.S. and Canada (Barrero et al., 2021; StatCan, 2021), while employee engagement has dropped to its lowest point in a decade (Harter, 2023). It is now more crucial than ever to identify valuable strategies for individuals and organizations to increase engagement at work. Job crafting is a bottom-up approach to work design (Chen, 2022a, 2022b; Donaldson et al., 2021; Tims et al., 2012; Wrzesniewski & Dutton, 2001), extensively studied as a proactive employee behavior associated with increased engagement among other positive work outcomes (Lichtenthaler & Fischbach, …
True Connections: High-Quality Connections In A Post-Covid-19 Landscape, Alyssa Birnbaum
True Connections: High-Quality Connections In A Post-Covid-19 Landscape, Alyssa Birnbaum
CGU Theses & Dissertations
As companies loosened in-office requirements as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic and employees increasingly started working remotely or in a hybrid fashion, interpersonal dynamics amongst coworkers shifted while burnout skyrocketed. This research integrates relational cultural theory, resource-based theories (e.g., conservation of resources theory; Hobfoll, 1989), transmission-based theories (e.g., crossover model; Westman, 2001) and media theories (e.g., media naturalness theory; Kock, 2004) to highlight the importance of relational interactions and assess whether those interactions can still thrive in a virtual setting. These studies investigate high quality connections (HQCs; Dutton, 2003) – momentary, dyadic, positive interactions – among coworkers to better …
Evaluation Education In A World In Transformation: The Way Forward, Marcia Paterno Joppert
Evaluation Education In A World In Transformation: The Way Forward, Marcia Paterno Joppert
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The world has experienced rapid changes, leading to pressing issues such as environmental degradation, social inequality, and resource depletion. As a transdisciplinary field, evaluation has emerged as a crucial tool in addressing these challenges and promoting systemic change. However, concerns have been raised regarding the field's capacity to meet these expectations and the existing gaps in evaluation education. This research aims to address these gaps by exploring how formal evaluation education programs (EEPs) respond to the preparation of professionals for systems change evaluations, prompting discussions on the need to redefine the approach to teaching evaluation. The study adopts a sequential …
Pressing The Verdict: The Social Influence Of Pretrial Publicity On Juror Biases, Kara Cato
Pressing The Verdict: The Social Influence Of Pretrial Publicity On Juror Biases, Kara Cato
CMC Senior Theses
Past psychological research has indicated that pretrial publicity has a significant impact on jury decision-making (Shniderman, 2013). This current review aims to expand on past research by investigating the social influence of pretrial publicity on juror biases. The effects of pretrial publicity on juror biases are examined through three mechanisms of social influence: story model, predecisional distortion, and conformity prejudice. This research inspects the relationship between media and the law by reviewing the pervasiveness of the media's depiction of criminal cases, the changing nature of media, and the biasing effects of media exposure. In addition, it explores the different forms …
A Review Examining Biases In Workplace Hiring And Promotion Processes, Claire Chen
A Review Examining Biases In Workplace Hiring And Promotion Processes, Claire Chen
CMC Senior Theses
This review examined three different types of workplace biases: racial, gender, and unconscious biases. First, the review studied how these biases affect the hiring process and found that even though there have been marginal improvements for some minority groups, racial biases still exist in the workplace. Certain minorities, such as African Americans, experienced the same amount of hiring discrimination since the 1990s. Second, the review looked at how these biases influence the promotion process and inhibit marginalized groups from reaching higher paying jobs. Despite Asian Americans experiencing fewer struggles with the hiring process, they are the least likely race to …
The Influence Of Early Childhood Parental Feeding Behaviors On Self-Regulation & Food Decision-Making In Young Adults, Natasha Singareddy
The Influence Of Early Childhood Parental Feeding Behaviors On Self-Regulation & Food Decision-Making In Young Adults, Natasha Singareddy
CMC Senior Theses
This study used data from a diverse set of undergraduates from the Claremont Colleges to examine the relationship between cognitive control (impulsivity and response inhibition) and self-regulatory ability as an indicator of sustained early childhood parental feeding behaviors in adulthood. In addition, the current study explored if early childhood parental feeding behaviors predicted food decision-making in adulthood as a result of perceived taste and nutritional value of food items. It was hypothesized that heightened impulsivity and impaired response inhibition as measures of cognitive control would correlate to poorer self-regulation, in turn reflecting a particular mode of early childhood parental feeding …