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California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

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Articles 1501 - 1530 of 1772

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Slotting Allowances As A Facilitating Practice By Food Processors In Wholesale Grocery Markets: Profitability And Welfare Effects, Stephen F. Hamilton Nov 2003

Slotting Allowances As A Facilitating Practice By Food Processors In Wholesale Grocery Markets: Profitability And Welfare Effects, Stephen F. Hamilton

Economics

Slotting allowances, which are lump-sum transfers paid by food manufacturers to grocery retailers in return for various retail concessions, are becoming increasingly common in wholesale grocery markets. This article extends the literature on slotting allowances by considering two features that previously have been ignored: the role of food processors in determining these pricing arrangements, and the effect of slotting allowances on the size and distribution of economic surplus. Slotting allowances motivated by food processors increase procurement quantities and farm prices, and this raises farm surplus, increases total producer surplus, and improves consumer welfare in the food system.

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Comment On "Iterative And Recursive Estimation In Structural Nonadaptive Models Iterative And Recursive Estimation In Structural Nonadaptive Models" By S. Pastorello, V. Patilea, And E. Renault, Garland Durham, John Geweke Oct 2003

Comment On "Iterative And Recursive Estimation In Structural Nonadaptive Models Iterative And Recursive Estimation In Structural Nonadaptive Models" By S. Pastorello, V. Patilea, And E. Renault, Garland Durham, John Geweke

Finance

No abstract provided.

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Funded Pensions, Labor Market Participation, And Economic Growth, Mark A. Roberts, Eric O'N. Fisher Sep 2003

Funded Pensions, Labor Market Participation, And Economic Growth, Mark A. Roberts, Eric O'N. Fisher

Economics

This paper analyses a model of overlapping generations in which agents who do not participate in the labor market are unable to borrow. Thus an increase in a fully funded pension raises aggregate savings even with a fixed participation rate since private savings are not crowded out one-for-one. When labor force participation is determined endogenously, a rise in the level of fully funded pensions increases the aggregate labor supply. This in turn increases aggregate savings and growth, directly by raising per capita savings and indirectly through tax and interest rate effects.

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Interpreting Bids From A Vickrey Auction When There Are Public Good Attributes, Sean P. Hurley, James B. Kliebenstein Jul 2003

Interpreting Bids From A Vickrey Auction When There Are Public Good Attributes, Sean P. Hurley, James B. Kliebenstein

Agribusiness

This paper provides a model that allows for interpreting bids in a Vickrey auction when the good has public good attributes. It also examines information obtained from a Vickrey auction, which collected consumer’s willingness-to-pay for pork products that had embedded environmental attributes, and applies the new interpretation to the bids.

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A Tale Of Two Premiums—Examining Bids From A Multiple Round Vickrey Auction With Differing Information Sets, Sean P. Hurley, James B. Kliebenstein Jul 2003

A Tale Of Two Premiums—Examining Bids From A Multiple Round Vickrey Auction With Differing Information Sets, Sean P. Hurley, James B. Kliebenstein

Agribusiness

Two definitions of willingness-to-pay derived from a Vickrey auction with multi-product and multiple rounds with different information sets are examined. These definitions are examined in the context of valuing pork products with embedded environmental attributes and we show how information can have adverse effects on a base product of comparison.

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Dairy Cow Ownership And Child Nutritional Status In Kenya, Charles F. Nicholson, Lucy Mwangi, Steven J. Staal, Philip K. Thornton Jul 2003

Dairy Cow Ownership And Child Nutritional Status In Kenya, Charles F. Nicholson, Lucy Mwangi, Steven J. Staal, Philip K. Thornton

Agribusiness

This study examines the hypothesis that dairy cow ownership improves child nutritional status. Using household data from coastal and highland Kenya, three econometric model formulations are estimated. Positive impacts on chronic malnutrition are observed for coastal Kenya. No negative effects on acute or chronic malnutrition are found for either region.

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Dairy Policy And Price Volatility, Charles F. Nicholson, Thomas Fiddaman Jul 2003

Dairy Policy And Price Volatility, Charles F. Nicholson, Thomas Fiddaman

Agribusiness

The US dairy industry is shaped by a patchwork of regulations accumulated over a long history of intervention to achieve various, sometimes conflicting, policy goals. Price supports have long been a central feature of dairy markets, but were largely withdrawn beginning in 1988. Since that time, there has been a dramatic increase in the variability of farm milk and milk product prices. The origins and desirability of volatility has been the subject of much debate; unfortunately models in existence to date have shed little light on the question due to their adoption of essentially non-dynamic methods. This article introduces a …

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Predicting Nutritional Requirements And Lactation Performance Of Dual-Purpose Cows Using A Dynamic Model, O. Reynoso-Campos, D. G. Fox, R. W. Blake, M. C. Barry, L. O. Tedeschi, C. F. Nicholson, H. M. Kaiser, P. A. Oltenacu Jun 2003

Predicting Nutritional Requirements And Lactation Performance Of Dual-Purpose Cows Using A Dynamic Model, O. Reynoso-Campos, D. G. Fox, R. W. Blake, M. C. Barry, L. O. Tedeschi, C. F. Nicholson, H. M. Kaiser, P. A. Oltenacu

Agribusiness

A dynamic application of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model was developed to predict annual cycles in animal nutrient requirements and performance of dual-purpose (milk and beef) cows. Interactions from mobilisation and repletion of body tissue reserves and feed biological values are accounted with a time step of one day, which considers physiological status of the animal, variation in dietary composition, and other environmental factors. This outcome was achieved by modifying the input and output structure of the CNCPS version 4.0 to compute body weight and changes in body reserves based on predicted milk production, intake of …

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Flow: Co-Constructing Low Barrier Repository Infrastructure In Support Of Heterogeneous Knowledge Collection(S), Karen S. Baker, Anna K. Gold, Frank Sudholt May 2003

Flow: Co-Constructing Low Barrier Repository Infrastructure In Support Of Heterogeneous Knowledge Collection(S), Karen S. Baker, Anna K. Gold, Frank Sudholt

Robert E. Kennedy Library

Institutional repositories are being constructed today to address the needs of scholarly communication in a digital environment. The success of such institutional infrastructures as knowledge collections depends in part on offering low barriers for participation and on supporting heterogeneous knowledge inputs and outputs. The San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) in partnership with CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research), the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Science & Engineering Library, has modified CERN’s CDSware software to initiate the process of creating a local low barrier repository.

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Offspring Contributions To Household Economy By Age And Sex Among The Khasi Of N.E. India, D. B. Neill, D. L. Leonetti, D. C. Nath, N. S. Hemam Apr 2003

Offspring Contributions To Household Economy By Age And Sex Among The Khasi Of N.E. India, D. B. Neill, D. L. Leonetti, D. C. Nath, N. S. Hemam

Social Sciences

Productive work or alloparenting by offspring appears to be dependent on the environmental context and subsistence strategy of a society as well as the need for such labor. We ask if gender as well as age are associated with work activities in our study subjects (n=1455 offspring) of Khasi families in N. E. India who have traditionally been swidden agriculturalists and now live in a mixed subsistence/cash economy. Fertility is fairly high (Total Fertility Rate = 6.7 children) and offspring often remain in the parental home into adult ages so offspring contributions to domestic work, child care and agriculture may …

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How To Know What Kids Already Know: Doing Research With Young Children, Jennifer Jipson, Janice Jipson Apr 2003

How To Know What Kids Already Know: Doing Research With Young Children, Jennifer Jipson, Janice Jipson

Psychology and Child Development

No abstract provided.

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Mother-Child Conversation And Children's Understanding Of Biological And Nonbiological Changes In Size, Jennifer Jipson, Maureen A. Callanan Mar 2003

Mother-Child Conversation And Children's Understanding Of Biological And Nonbiological Changes In Size, Jennifer Jipson, Maureen A. Callanan

Psychology and Child Development

This article explores the ways that mothers and children from primarily middle-income European American backgrounds reason about events in which biological and nonbiological objects change in size. In Study 1, mother–child conversations were examined to investigate the events mothers described as growth, as well as the ways mothers explained events occurring in different domains. Findings indicate that although mothers primarily discussed events in domain-specific ways, they exhibited some domain blurring in their talk to children. In Study 2,3-year-old children (M = 3 years, 2 months) and 5-year-old children (M = 5 years) provided descriptions and explanations of the same events. …

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Public Goods And The Value Of Product Quality Regulations: The Case Of Food Safety, Stephen F. Hamilton, David L. Sunding, David Zilberman Mar 2003

Public Goods And The Value Of Product Quality Regulations: The Case Of Food Safety, Stephen F. Hamilton, David L. Sunding, David Zilberman

Economics

The paper examines preferences for product quality regulations. Our premise is that preferences for product quality regulations derive from preferences for both private and public goods. The model is used to explain public attitudes toward a referendum measure to eliminate pesticide residues on food. Results from a survey of consumers are consistent with the conceptual model and show that preferences for public goods influence support for the product quality regulation. The results help explain why consumption behavior is a poor predictor of political behavior, and have implications for methods that use voting and market behavior to value public goods.

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Reliability Assessment Of Season-Of-Capture Determination From Archaeological Otoliths, Allen H. Andrews, Kenneth W. Gobalet, Terry L. Jones Jan 2003

Reliability Assessment Of Season-Of-Capture Determination From Archaeological Otoliths, Allen H. Andrews, Kenneth W. Gobalet, Terry L. Jones

Social Sciences

A technique involving microscopic examination of otolith growth zones has been commonly used by archaeologists along the coast of California to estimate season-of-capture of prehistoric fishes and to infer the season of site use. A test of otolith edge analysis techniques was performed on modern otoliths by estimating season-of-capture for otoliths with known dates of capture. Successful identification of season-of-capture was low, even in a best case scenario with the age-validated spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus), emphasizing the subjectivity of this kind of analysis and inherent variability of growth zone formation in otoliths. Alteration of the otolith matrix …

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Method To Their Madness: Dispelling The Myth Of Economic Rationality As A Behavioral Ideal, John Dobson Jan 2003

Method To Their Madness: Dispelling The Myth Of Economic Rationality As A Behavioral Ideal, John Dobson

Finance

Although not immediately apparent, the discipline of behavioral finance is rapidly adopting an implicit prescriptive agenda. Behavioral finance does not merely describe financial market reality, it shapes it. Economic rationality is taken as the ideal toward to which individuals 'should' strive. In this paper I show that, as a behavioral ideal, economic rationality is unjustified both from a strictly economic perspective, and from a moral perspective. In short, there is nothing inherently "wrong" with economically irrational participants in the business environment. Indeed such participants will actually enhance the efficiency, and the ethicality, of business.

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Building Research Skills: Course-Integrated Training Methods, Adriana Popescu, Radu Popescu Jan 2003

Building Research Skills: Course-Integrated Training Methods, Adriana Popescu, Radu Popescu

Library Scholarship

An enriched syllabus has been experimentally introduced to undergraduate level students enrolled in a geotechnical engineering course. Two research assignments have been integrated in the course, which require students to find information on a geotechnical engineering topic using both print and electronic resources available at the university library and on the Internet. Aiming to foster the development of technical information literacy and communication skills, the students are required to prepare a report based on a specific set of guidelines, followed by oral presentations of the topics researched. Between the two assignments, a lecture on the subject of identifying and using …

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The Crop-Livestock Subsystem And Livelihood Dynamics In The Harar Highlands Of Ethiopia, Habtemariam Kassa, Robert W. Blake, Charles F. Nicholson Nov 2002

The Crop-Livestock Subsystem And Livelihood Dynamics In The Harar Highlands Of Ethiopia, Habtemariam Kassa, Robert W. Blake, Charles F. Nicholson

Agribusiness

Policy makers and extension planners often assume smallholder mixed farming systems are incapable of evolving fast enough to meet growing food demands and that livestock are relatively unimportant to household food production or welfare (FDRE, 1994), except for intensive units. The resulting policy promotes substitution of either intensive cropping or livestock production in place of the traditional mixed portfolio. Although widely promoted in the Harar Highlands, farmers resist these recommendations in favour of more diverse and integrated systems with crops, livestock, and non-agricultural activities. The contrast between what policy makers and development practitioners think and what farmers do signifies misunderstanding …

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Livestock Land Use Change, And Environmental Outcomes, Robert W. Blake, Charles F. Nicholson Nov 2002

Livestock Land Use Change, And Environmental Outcomes, Robert W. Blake, Charles F. Nicholson

Agribusiness

Rapid predicted worldwide growth in demand for animal products to 2020—the so-called “next food revolution” in animal agriculture—portends complex interactions among people, biological and geophysical resources, and economic objectives. A restructuring of global food demands is expected: in contrast to current patterns, most (>60%) global production of meat and milk will be consumed by households in the developing countries (Delgado et al., 1999). The key drivers of this change are income growth, population growth, urbanization, and increased opportunities for trade. We identified some of the environmental risks, and recuperative effects, of animal agriculture in a recent article (Nicholson et …

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Soil, Plant And Cattle Nutrient Dynamics On Pastures Of The Western Amazon Of Brazil, B. Rueda, R. W. Blake, E. Fernandes, Charles F. Nicholson, J. F. Valentim Nov 2002

Soil, Plant And Cattle Nutrient Dynamics On Pastures Of The Western Amazon Of Brazil, B. Rueda, R. W. Blake, E. Fernandes, Charles F. Nicholson, J. F. Valentim

Agribusiness

Cattle production on Brachiaria pastures is a primary use of cleared forestland in the western Brazilian Amazon. About 6.8 million hectares in the States of Acre and Rondônia have been deforested, where 75% of land is now grazed (IBGE, 1998). The principal pasture species are B. brizantha and B. decumbens with the latter in decline from spittlebug susceptibility (Deois incompleta; Gonçalves et al., 1996). The general pattern of pasture establishment in the Amazon basin includes felling and burning forest biomass, planting annual crops for one to three years (especially on small farms), and then seeding to grasses. The …

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Benchmarking Of Flexibility And Needs 2002: Survey Of Non-Federal Irrigation Districts (California Department Of Water Resources), Stuart W. Styles, Daniel Howes Nov 2002

Benchmarking Of Flexibility And Needs 2002: Survey Of Non-Federal Irrigation Districts (California Department Of Water Resources), Stuart W. Styles, Daniel Howes

BioResource and Agricultural Engineering

ITRC interviewed irrigation district personnel from 17 agricultural districts throughout California. Data were analyzed to determine the degree of water delivery flexibility provided to farmers and the extent of existing and planned district modernization. This report did not include irrigation districts with long-term federal contracts.

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An Empirical Test Of The Rent-Shifting Hypothesis: The Case Of State Trading Enterprises, Stephen F. Hamilton, Kyle W. Stiegert Oct 2002

An Empirical Test Of The Rent-Shifting Hypothesis: The Case Of State Trading Enterprises, Stephen F. Hamilton, Kyle W. Stiegert

Economics

A central result in the theoretical literature on strategic trade is the ‘rent-shifting hypothesis’, the idea that government’s can employ trade policy as a precommitment device to transfer profit from foreign to domestic firms. To our knowledge, however, the rent-shifting hypothesis remains untested empirically. This paper constructs a theory-based empirical test of rent-shifting behavior that relies on observations of government precommitment variables employed through State Trading Enterprises (STEs). The analysis applies data on the delayed producer payment structure of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) and examines its merits as a rent-shifting mechanism in the international durum market. The model fails …

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Taxes And Quality: A Market-Level Analysis, Jennifer S. James, Julian M. Alston Sep 2002

Taxes And Quality: A Market-Level Analysis, Jennifer S. James, Julian M. Alston

Agribusiness

A conventional assumption of product homogeneity when the commodity of interest is actually heterogeneous will lead to errors in an analysis of the incidence of policies, such as taxes. In this article, an equilibrium displacement model is used to derive analytical solutions for price, quantity, and quality effects of ad valorem and per unit taxes. The results show how parameters determine the effects of tax policies on quality. The potential for tax-induced distortions in quality, and the distributive consequences of those distortions, are illustrated in a case study of the market for Australian wine.

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The Economic Feasibility Of Forming A California Wheat Cooperative, Jay E. Noel, James J. Ahern, David J. Schaffner, Jill Johnson, Kristina Muelrath, Kyle Schroeder Sep 2002

The Economic Feasibility Of Forming A California Wheat Cooperative, Jay E. Noel, James J. Ahern, David J. Schaffner, Jill Johnson, Kristina Muelrath, Kyle Schroeder

Agribusiness

Recent concerns relative to California farm gate prices for wheat and a lack of profitability in wheat production has been expressed by a group of California wheat growers. Their dissatisfaction has resulted in their consideration to form a California wheat grower cooperative. The cooperative would become the marketing agent for the growers and potentially allow growers to pool their production for greater market power as well as capture profits beyond the farm gate. Two feasibility issues are addressed by the study: 1) The organizational feasibility of forming the cooperative, and 2) The economic feasibility of a California wheat growers cooperative …

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The Efficient Mix Of Staffing Resources, Michael L. Marlow Aug 2002

The Efficient Mix Of Staffing Resources, Michael L. Marlow

Economics

No Abstract

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A Multiattribute Utility Analysis Of Technological Choice In The California Wild Rice Industry, Jay E. Noel, James J. Ahern, Jess Errecarte, Kyle Schroeder Jul 2002

A Multiattribute Utility Analysis Of Technological Choice In The California Wild Rice Industry, Jay E. Noel, James J. Ahern, Jess Errecarte, Kyle Schroeder

Agribusiness

The California wild rice industry in 2001 is undergoing change. This change is being driven by increased wild rice production, changes in wild rice demand, and buyer concerns relative to product quality and food safety. These changes necessitate the need for the industry to evaluate its operational and marketing strategies. A major concern of the industry is how to meet the on-going changes while remaining profitable. The major emphasis of this study to evaluate two of the technological choices that are available to meet those changes. The technologies are a traditional technology and newer experimental technology that has been conceptualized, …

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Building Flow: Federating Libraries On The Web, Anna K. Gold, Karen S. Baker, Jean-Yves Lemeur, Kim Baldridge Jul 2002

Building Flow: Federating Libraries On The Web, Anna K. Gold, Karen S. Baker, Jean-Yves Lemeur, Kim Baldridge

Robert E. Kennedy Library

Individuals, teams, organizations, and networks can be thought of as tiers or classes within the complex grid of technology and practice in which research documentation is both consumed and generated. The panoply of possible classes share with the others a common need for document management tools and practices. The distinctive document management tools and practices used within each represent boundaries across which information could flow openly if technology and metadata standards were to provide an accessible digital framework. The CERN Document Server (CDS), implemented by a research partnership at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), establishes a prototype tiered repository …

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Cooperative Breeding Effects Among The Matrilineal Khasi Of N. E. India, Donna L. Leonetti, Dilip C. Nath, Natabar S. Hemam, Dawn B. Neill Jun 2002

Cooperative Breeding Effects Among The Matrilineal Khasi Of N. E. India, Donna L. Leonetti, Dilip C. Nath, Natabar S. Hemam, Dawn B. Neill

Social Sciences

As a hallmark of our species, mothers of small children generally require and receive help from others in their reproductive efforts of parenting, in what can be called cooperative breeding. This help appears to affect the frequency of births and the success of reproductive efforts as measured by the health and survival of children. The nature of such effects in family systems organized around women and in which women control resources holds interest with respect to the evolution of the human species. The matrilineal Khasi tribe of N. E. India are swidden agriculturalists characterized by low socioeconomic resources and high …

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Economic Geography, Trade, And War, David H. Bearce, Eric O'N. Fisher Jun 2002

Economic Geography, Trade, And War, David H. Bearce, Eric O'N. Fisher

Economics

An agent-based model in which economic exchange and military conflict are emergent processes is used to explore the relationship between trade and war. The model of exchange is an applied analysis of the economics of trading networks. The model of conflict treats war as a breakdown in interstate bargaining due to incomplete information. The simulations explore how initial economic geography, state revisionism, defensive advantage, and technological advancement akin to globalization affect both trade and war. The results show that the relationship between trade and war depends on third factors, and an inverse relationship between trade and war emerges from compact …

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Infant Feeding Styles: Barriers And Opportunities For Good Nutrition In India, Patrice L. Engle May 2002

Infant Feeding Styles: Barriers And Opportunities For Good Nutrition In India, Patrice L. Engle

Psychology and Child Development

India has the lion’s share of malnourished children in the world. Poverty and social exclusion contribute to this rate of malnutrition, but care practices also play a role.Breastfeeding is rarely exclusive, sanitation tends to be limited, complementary feeding often begins late, and the quantities are small. In the past, government programs have focused on the supply of food rather than caring practices. A research agenda will include both operational research on the nutrition programs, and formative and intervention research to improve caring practices, particularly those around infant and young child feeding.

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Strategic Environmental Policy And International Trade In Asymmetric Oligopoly Markets, Yann Duval, Stephen F. Hamilton May 2002

Strategic Environmental Policy And International Trade In Asymmetric Oligopoly Markets, Yann Duval, Stephen F. Hamilton

Economics

This paper examines optimal cooperative and non-cooperative environmental taxes for the case in which a polluting input is used to produce an internationally-traded finished product. The model allows for terms-of-trade effects under oligopoly and employs a general specification of the environmental damage function that encompasses special cases of local, global, and transboundary externalities. The model has several implications for public finance. For example, inefficiently high environmental taxes may be optimal for a net exporting country in non-cooperative circumstances, as the motive to shift rent by selecting an inefficiently low tax rate is countervailed by the incentive to shift the burden …

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