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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
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- Adverse selection (1)
- Bayley Scales of Infant Development II; Caffeine; Coffee; Guatemala; Iron status; Sleep (1)
- California coast; sea temperatures; drought; EI Nino; oxygen isotopes; prehistory; fish. (1)
- Formal models of authority (1)
- Grading errors (1)
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- Microeconomics of government (1)
- Monopoly; Monopsony; Tax efficiency; Ad valorem tax; Specific tax (1)
- Oligopoly; Conjectural variations; Tax incidence; Ad valorem taxation; Degressive taxation (1)
- Oligopoly; Market power; Industry concentration (1)
- Political Economy (1)
- Product quality (1)
- Prunes (1)
Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Agroindustrialization Through Institutional Innovation: Transactions Costs, Cooperatives And Milk-Market Development In The Ethopian Highlands, Garth Holloway, Charles Nicholson, Chris Delgado, Steven Staal, Simeon K. Ehui
Agroindustrialization Through Institutional Innovation: Transactions Costs, Cooperatives And Milk-Market Development In The Ethopian Highlands, Garth Holloway, Charles Nicholson, Chris Delgado, Steven Staal, Simeon K. Ehui
Agribusiness
Some small-holders are able to generate reliable and substantial income flows through small-scale dairy production for the local market; for others, a set of unique transactions costs hinders participation. Cooperative selling institutions are potential catalysts for mitigating these costs, stimulating entry into the market, and precipitating growth in rural communities. Trends in cooperative organization in East-African dairy are evaluated. Empirical work focuses on alternative techniques for effecting participation among a representative sample of periurban milk producers in the Ethiopian highlands. The techniques considered are a modern production practice (cross-bred cow use), a traditional production practice (indigenous-cow use), three intellectual-capital-forming variables …
The Potential For Marketing Pork Products With Embedded Environmental Attributes: Results From An Experimental Study, Sean P. Hurley, James B. Kliebenstein
The Potential For Marketing Pork Products With Embedded Environmental Attributes: Results From An Experimental Study, Sean P. Hurley, James B. Kliebenstein
Agribusiness
Environmental issues such as air and water quality related to livestock production currently receive much attention. Potential methods for environmental improvement range from regulation to market solutions. This study looks at consumer willingness to pay for pork products with embedded environmental attributes. Experimental auctions showed that over one-half of the participants (62%) paid a premium, that did not vary significantly between differing regions of the United States. (JEL Codes Q13, Q25)
The Impacts Of Dairy Cattle Ownership On The Nutritional Status Of Preschool Children In Coastal Kenya, Charles F. Nicholson, Phillip K. Thornton
The Impacts Of Dairy Cattle Ownership On The Nutritional Status Of Preschool Children In Coastal Kenya, Charles F. Nicholson, Phillip K. Thornton
Agribusiness
In many parts of the developing world, the availability of sufficient food—food supplying sufficient daily energy and protein—remains a key challenge for many families, despite substantial increases in total food production in the past two decades. At present there is sufficient food produced to feed everyone in the world, but the available food is neither evenly distributed nor fully consumed. As a result, some 800 million people—200 million children— are food insecure, that is, they lack consistent access to the food required for a healthy and productive life (Pinstrup-Andersen, 1994). The roots of food insecurity and malnutrition are complex, but …
Impacts Of The Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact On New England Milk Supply, Charles F. Nicholson, Budy Resosudarmo, Rick Wackernagel
Impacts Of The Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact On New England Milk Supply, Charles F. Nicholson, Budy Resosudarmo, Rick Wackernagel
Agribusiness
During the first year of the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact, milk production in the six New England states increased by about 57 million pounds, or about 1.3% of production compared to the 12 months prior to the Compact. Increases in milk production were largest in Connecticut (31 million pounds) and Vermont (21 million pounds), whereas Maine and New Hampshire experienced increases of less than 10 million pounds. Production in Massachusetts and Rhode Island declined by 9 million and 0.4 million pounds, respectively. Because the rate of increase for New England was larger than the US average, the Compact Commission incurred …
Care And Nutrition: Concepts And Measurement, Patrice L. Engle, Purnima Menon
Care And Nutrition: Concepts And Measurement, Patrice L. Engle, Purnima Menon
Psychology and Child Development
Care is the provision in the household and the community of time, attention, and support to meet the physical, mental, and social needs of the growing child and other household members. The significance of care has best been articulated in the framework developed by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). This paper extends the UNICEF model of care and summarizes the literature on the relationship of care practices and resources to child nutrition. The paper also summarizes attempts to measure the various dimensions of care. The concept of care is extended in two directions: first, we define resources needed by …
Asymmetric Grading Error And Adverse Selection: Lemons In The California Prune Industry, Jennifer S. James, James A. Chalfant, Nathalie Lavoie, Richard J. Sexton
Asymmetric Grading Error And Adverse Selection: Lemons In The California Prune Industry, Jennifer S. James, James A. Chalfant, Nathalie Lavoie, Richard J. Sexton
Agribusiness
Grading systems are often introduced to address the classic adverse selection problem associated with asymmetric information about product quality. However, grades are rarely measured perfectly, and adverse selection outcomes may persist due to grading error. We study the effects of errors in grading, focusing on asymmetric grading errors-namely when low-quality product can erroneously be classified as high quality, but not vice versa. In a conceptual model, we show the effects of asymmetric grading errors on returns to producers. Application to the California prune industry shows that grading errors reduce incentives to produce more valuable, larger prunes.
The Comparative Efficiency Of Ad Valorem And Specific Taxes Under Monopoly And Monopsony, Stephen F. Hamilton
The Comparative Efficiency Of Ad Valorem And Specific Taxes Under Monopoly And Monopsony, Stephen F. Hamilton
Economics
It is well known that ad valorem taxes welfare-dominate specific taxes under monopoly. This paper demonstrates that the comparative welfare ranking of the two instruments reverses under monopsony. The relative performance of alternative tax forms is thus highly sensitive to whether the buyer or seller has market power.
Formal Models Of Authority: Introduction And Political Economy Applications, Eduardo Zambrano
Formal Models Of Authority: Introduction And Political Economy Applications, Eduardo Zambrano
Economics
Talcot Parsons suggested in 1963 that there are basically three kinds of authority: utilitarian authority, coercive authority, and persuasive authority. In this paper, I show that the models developed by Gibbons and Rutten (1997), Hirshleifer (1991), Skaperdas (1992), Akerlof (1976) and Basu (1986) can be viewed as models where issues such as authority, power, influence and ideology, in the sense of Parsons, can be formally discussed. I also show the existence of an interesting difficulty in providing a contractarian interpretation of the State under the Parsonian view of governmental authority discussed in this paper.
Administration And Orientation Of Undergraduate Journalism Education: Variables Affecting "Best Fit" Between Higher Education Institutions And Programs, Douglas J. Swanson
Administration And Orientation Of Undergraduate Journalism Education: Variables Affecting "Best Fit" Between Higher Education Institutions And Programs, Douglas J. Swanson
Journalism
This paper addresses different perspectives on the best administrative 'home' for undergraduate journalism education, from administrative and curriculum perspectives. The paper begins by reviewing the history of journalism as a college discipline--showing that even from its earliest years, the founders of the field disagreed on administrative and curriculum emphases. Some variables which affect 'best fit' between discipline, institution, and program today are cited--they include individual academic program and goals, the institutional academic culture, collegiate organizational structure and bureaucracy, and external environmental variables. Finally, the paper reviews typical organizational structures chosen by higher education institutions today, as they continue to struggle …
Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered, Terry L. Jones, Gary M. Brown, L. Mark Raab, Janet L. Mcvickar, W. Geoffrey Spaulding, Douglas J. Kennett, Andrew York, Phillip L. Walker
Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered, Terry L. Jones, Gary M. Brown, L. Mark Raab, Janet L. Mcvickar, W. Geoffrey Spaulding, Douglas J. Kennett, Andrew York, Phillip L. Walker
Social Sciences
Review of late Holocene paleoenvironmental and cultural sequences from four regions of western North America shows striking correlations between drought and changes in subsistence, population, exchange, health, and interpersonal violence during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (a.d. 800–1350). While ultimate causality is difficult to identify in the archaeological record, synchrony of the environmental and cultural changes and the negative character of many human responses—increased interpersonal violence, deterioration of long-distance exchange relationships, and regional abandonments—suggest widespread demographic crises caused by decreased environmental productivity. The medieval droughts occurred at a unique juncture in the demographic history of western North America when unusually large …
On Exchange Rates And Economic Growth, Eric O'N. Fisher
On Exchange Rates And Economic Growth, Eric O'N. Fisher
Economics
Extending Ireland's (1994) model, this paper analyzes an international economy where cash or credit can be used for payment. Foreign trade credit is more costly than its domestic analog. A depreciation of the real exchange rate is associated with an external surplus and a reduced share of imports purchased with credit. Economic growth slows when foreign trade credit becomes the predominant means of payment for international transactions. A country with high inflation exports its Tobin effect and thus temporarily increases world growth.
An Analysis Of The Factors That Influence Student Performance: A Fresh Approach To An Old Debate, Sanjiv Jaggia, Alison Kelly-Hawke
An Analysis Of The Factors That Influence Student Performance: A Fresh Approach To An Old Debate, Sanjiv Jaggia, Alison Kelly-Hawke
Economics
There is a general consensus that student performance at all levels has been deteriorating. Despite numerous attempts by researchers to link school expenditures with student performance, a clear relationship does not exist. Since a number of difficulties plague earlier studies, this paper attempts to remedy these problems by offering a better data design and a sounder methodology. This study uses the 1992 Massachusetts Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) test scores from 4th, 8th, and 12th grade students to measure student performance. Since each students grade falls into one of five possible categories, the application of an ordered log it model incorporates …
Water Balance-Related Performance Indicators For International Projects, Charles M. Burt, Stuart W. Styles
Water Balance-Related Performance Indicators For International Projects, Charles M. Burt, Stuart W. Styles
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
A unique study to examine the impacts of irrigation project modernization was funded by the Research Committee of the World Bank and managed by the International Program for Technology Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID). The project examined 16 irrigation projects in 10 developing countries, 15 of which have been partially modernized in some aspects of hardware and/or management. Besides developing specific recommendations for donor agencies interested in irrigation project modernization, this project also accomplished the following: 1. A Rapid Appraisal Process (RAP) was developed to quickly (within a week) evaluate an irrigation project to assess what type of modernization …
Tax Incidence Under Oligopoly: A Comparison Of Policy Approaches, Stephen F. Hamilton
Tax Incidence Under Oligopoly: A Comparison Of Policy Approaches, Stephen F. Hamilton
Economics
This paper presents a methodological approach for the analysis of tax incidence that encompasses familiar forms of taxation in a general and analytically convenient model. In oligopolistic industries, the performance of a tax depends on the sensitivity of the unit tax rate to changes in industry output. Output-elastic tax schedules are less likely to be over-shifted and have superior welfare properties relative to regulatory instruments that are less responsive to the equilibrium market quantity. For revenue neutral tax reforms, the finding of Delipalla and Keen (1992) that ad valorem taxes welfare-dominate specific taxes under oligopoly is derived as a special …
Demand Shifts And Market Structure In Free-Entry Oligopoly Equilibria, Stephen F. Hamilton
Demand Shifts And Market Structure In Free-Entry Oligopoly Equilibria, Stephen F. Hamilton
Economics
This papers examines the structural implications of demand shifts in free-entry oligopoly equilibria. The model generalizes the conjectural variations framework to consider asymmetric firm conjectures, allows for the possibility of cost differences across firms, and endogenizes conditions of entry and exit in the industry. In non-competitive environments, changes in incumbent output and industry profitability are inversely-related to changes in the equilibrium price following a demand shift. In response to rotations of demand through the equilibrium point, changes in profitability are positively-related to changes in industry concentration and, when marginal costs are non-decreasing, inversely-related to changes in market power.
Do Law Enforcement Expenditures Crowd-Out Public Education Expenditures?, Michael L. Marlow, Alden F. Shiers
Do Law Enforcement Expenditures Crowd-Out Public Education Expenditures?, Michael L. Marlow, Alden F. Shiers
Economics
As state and local governments have devoted a rising share of their resources to crime-related programmes, concerns have arisen that spending on other programmes such as education will fall. Coupled with growing public concerns over performance of the public education system, and expectations that prison populations will rise as states pass and enforce more stringent sentencing laws, it is not surprising that some view the expansion of crime-related programmes as troublesome. One hypothesis is that education and crime-related programmes directly compete for government expenditures so that what one programme gains the other must lose as in a fixed-pie situation. A …
Late Holocene Sea Temperatures Along The Cental California Coast, Terry L. Jones, Douglas J. Kennett
Late Holocene Sea Temperatures Along The Cental California Coast, Terry L. Jones, Douglas J. Kennett
Social Sciences
Mussel shells from central California coastal archaeological sites record changes in sea surface temperatures in the past 2000 years. Water temperatures, inferred from oxygen isotopes in the shells, were about 1°C cooler than present and stable between 2000 and 700 yr ago. Between about 700 and 500 yr ago, seasonal variation was greater than present, with extremes above and below historic levels. Water temperatures were 2-3°C cooler than today 500-300 yr ago. The interval of variable sea temperatures 700-500 yr ago partially coincided with an interval of drought throughout central California. A coincident disruption in human settlement along the coast …
The Milling Stone Horizon Revisited: New Perspectives From Northern And Central California, Richard T. Fitzgerald, Terry L. Jones
The Milling Stone Horizon Revisited: New Perspectives From Northern And Central California, Richard T. Fitzgerald, Terry L. Jones
Social Sciences
For nearly half a century, the Milling Stone Horizon has been recognized as an integral element of California culture history, but representative components have long been thought to be restricted to the southern portion of the state. Claims to the contrary by D.L. True and a few of his students for the presence of Milling Stone Horizon manifestations further north have not been fully embraced due to inadequate dating and poor component resolution. In this article, we reassess the previously scanty evidence for a Milling Stone Horizon presence in northern California, and review data from nine recently investigated sites that …
Japan: Politische Karriere Zwischen Ministerialburokratie Und Parlamentarischen Erbhofen, Claudia Derichs, Harold R. Kerbo
Japan: Politische Karriere Zwischen Ministerialburokratie Und Parlamentarischen Erbhofen, Claudia Derichs, Harold R. Kerbo
Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Discontinuing Coffee Intake On Iron Deficient Guatemalan Toddlers' Cognitive Development And Sleep, Patrice L. Engle, T. Vasdias, I. Howard, M.E. Romero-Abal, J. Quan De Serrano, J. Bulux, N. W. Solomons, K. G. Dewey
Effects Of Discontinuing Coffee Intake On Iron Deficient Guatemalan Toddlers' Cognitive Development And Sleep, Patrice L. Engle, T. Vasdias, I. Howard, M.E. Romero-Abal, J. Quan De Serrano, J. Bulux, N. W. Solomons, K. G. Dewey
Psychology and Child Development
Coffee is commonly given daily to toddlers in Guatemala. Possible negative effects of coffee ingestion on cognitive development and sleep patterns were assessed in 132 children 12–24 months of age who had received coffee for >2 months and were iron deficient on at least one indicator. Children were stratified by initial hemoglobin (A=anemic, Hgb
Review Of A Critical Link: Interventions For Physical Growth And Psychological Development, Gretel Pelto, Katherine Dickin, Patrice L. Engle
Review Of A Critical Link: Interventions For Physical Growth And Psychological Development, Gretel Pelto, Katherine Dickin, Patrice L. Engle
Psychology and Child Development
An extensive scientific review showing that psychological interventions to support psychological development and nutrition interventions to support physical growth are effective and that combined interventions to improve both growth and psychological development have synergistic effects.
Camellias In Bloom, Brett B. Bodemer
The Unexpected Import: A Disquisition On The Days Of Proto-Haiku, Brett B. Bodemer
The Unexpected Import: A Disquisition On The Days Of Proto-Haiku, Brett B. Bodemer
Library Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Subsurface Drip Irrigation On Peppers, Stuart W. Styles, Charles M. Burt
Evaluation Of Subsurface Drip Irrigation On Peppers, Stuart W. Styles, Charles M. Burt
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
This paper is a summary of two farms that utilized the California Energy Commission's low-interest loan program to facilitate their entry into drip irrigation. One farm is located near Oxnard, California, USA and the other is located near Gilroy, California, USA. Both of these growers farm about 162 hectares (400 acres) in their overall operations and used the loans to purchase subsurface drip irrigation systems for Peppers. Over $4 million in low-interest loans have been made available to California growers from the California Energy Commission (CEC) since 1986. The CEC initiated the loan program for growers to help implement energy …