Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Scholarship At Uwindsor Annual Report: Nov 2012-2013, Dave Johnston

Leddy Library Reports

This is the first annual report for the Scholarship at UWindsor institutional Repository.

Open Access Week 2013, Dave Johnston, Yayo Umetsubo

Leddy Library Publications

Information pamphlet from OA week 2013

Attachment Style, Early Sexual Intercourse, And Dating Aggression Victimization, Nicole Yarkovsky, Patti A. Timmons Fritz

Psychology Publications

The present study examined relations between attachment style, age at first sexual intercourse, and dating aggression (DA) victimization. In all, 137 heterosexual female undergraduate students 18 to 25 years of age (M = 20.76, SD = 1.87) completed an online questionnaire that included questions regarding sexual history, attachment style (Experiences in Close Relationships Scale), and DA (Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory). Initial bivariate correlations revealed that women reported higher rates of DA victimization if they were more anxiously attached (r = .30, p = .000), had an earlier age at vaginal sexual debut (r = −.19, …

Hierarchical Use Of Cues In The Missing Object Recognition Task By Rats (Rattus Norvegicus), Jerome Cohen, Marium Arain

Psychology Publications

This study investigated rats’ preferences for using non-spatial and spatial cues in a missing-object recognition task. Rats were trained to find a sunflower seed under any one of four previously missing adjacent objects, the test array of a trial, after having found seeds under three of them in the ‘study’ array of that trial. On some trials the study and test arrays consisted of a different object at each baited food site and on other trials, of identical objects. A previously missing object's position and orientation within its array and its global position within the large foraging chamber varied over …

Do Open Access Electronic Theses And Dissertations Diminish Publishing Opportunities In The Social Sciences And Humanities? Findings From A 2011 Survey Of Academic Publishers, Marisa L. Ramirez, Joan T. Dalton, Gail Mcmillan, Max Read, Nan H. Seamans

Leddy Library Publications

An increasing number of higher education institutions worldwide are requiring submission of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) by graduate students and are subsequently providing open access to these works in online repositories. Faculty advisors and graduate students are concerned that such unfettered access to their work could diminish future publishing opportunities. This study investigated social sciences, arts, and humanities journal editors’ and university press directors’ attitudes toward ETDs. The findings indicate that manuscripts that are revisions of openly accessible ETDs are always welcome for submission or considered on a case-by-case basis by 82.8 percent of journal editors and 53.7 percent …

Interventions With Continuous Traumatic Stress Of Discrimination In Youth, Ibrahim Aref Kira

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Continuous and Present Traumatic Stress (CTS) is different from traumas that happened in the past. Traumas enacted by institutions and systems (for example, Japanese internment after Pearl harbor and recent backlash against Arabs and Muslims after September 11) are different from traumas enacted by individuals or Nature. Continuous traumatic stress can emanate from either source: Individuals (interpersonal), nature, institutions (intergroup), or / and systems (intersystem) (Kira, et al., 2013).Trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy and most other evidence-based interventions focused on past traumas, perpetrated by individual or nature need to be modified for different continuous and present traumas and their cumulative dynamics …

Children Of Iraqi Refugees: Risk Profile For Substance Abuse, Cynthia Arfken, Evone Barkho, Maisa Ziadni, Mark A. Lumley, Luay Haddad, Bengt B. Arnetz, Hikmet Jamil

International Symposium on Arab Youth

What is the risk profile of children of Iraqi refugees? Among adult refugees, higher prevalence of mental disorders has been associated with shorter time since resettlement and exposure to more potential traumatic events (PTE). We hypothesized that similar associations would hold in the children of Iraqi refugees.

Mental Illness And Chronic Disease In A Random Sample Of Newly-Arrived Refugees And Immigrants To The U.S., Hikmet Jamil, Bengt B. Arnetz, Ghosh Samiran, Judith E. Arnetz

International Symposium on Arab Youth

The goal of this research is to examine the prevalence of chronic diseases [Hypertension, Heart diseases, Asthma and Diabetes] among newly arrived refugees and immigrants to U.S., to predict the risk factors for each of the four chronic diseases studied, and to discuss whether self-reported mental illnesses [Depression and PTSD] have an impact on the occurrence of chronic diseases.

Theory And Method In Cross-Cultural And Intercultural Psychology, John Berry

International Symposium on Arab Youth

The field of cross-cultural psychology examines the relationships between the cultural contexts in which individuals develop and now live, and the psychological characteristics they display. The field of intercultural psychology examines how individuals with different cultural backgrounds and psychological characteristic engage each other and adapt to each other when living in culturally-diverse societies. In both fields, the theoretical position of universalism is helpful. This approach considers that all human beings share the same fundamental psychological processes (such as perceiving, thinking). Cultural experiences shape these processes during the course of development into variable competencies (such as abilities, attitudes, and values). Cultural …

Resiliency In Lebanese Adolescents, Huda A. Abdo Dr

International Symposium on Arab Youth

This study investigated resiliency using the Resiliency Scale of Children and Adolescents (RSCA; Prince-Embury, 2007) grounded in three factors (i.e., Sense of mastery, Sense of relatedness, and Emotional reactivity) in a sample of 599 Lebanese adolescents. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between resiliency factors, the Big Five personality traits and Hope. We also explored gender differences in the key study variables. As a secondary aim, we compared differences in resiliency scores of the present Lebanese sample and a comparative US sample of adolescents (taken from Prince-Embury & Steer, 2010). Emotional stability correlated negatively …

Child-Rearing Practices, Cultural Believes And Shaping Identities, Leyla Akoury-Dirani Phd

International Symposium on Arab Youth

No abstract provided.

Parent Practices And Identity Outcomes In Arab Youth, Nancy H. Wrobel

International Symposium on Arab Youth

TITLE: Parent Practices and Identity Outcomes in Arab Youth

By: Nancy H. Wrobel, Univeristy of Michigan - Dearborn

Description:

The presentation addresses some cultural distinctions in parenting practices and outcomes in families in Arab countries as well as immigrant families. Parenting styles as well as parent control, consisstency and acculturation are considered.

Keywords: Arab. Arab-American, youth, child, adolescent, parenting styles, identity, acculturation

Development, Knowledge And Perception Of Sexuality Among Arab Youth, Brigitte Khoury

International Symposium on Arab Youth

This presentation explores Arab youth sexuality and the challenges of studying youth sexuality in the Arab world. 330 young adults (70% ages 18-25) completed an online survey that assessed their knowledge, experience, perceptions, and values related to reproductive health and sexual education, masturbation, virginity, sexual experiences and relationships, marriage, and sex and the internet. Participants primarily resided in Lebanon (79%), but respondents also included individuals from Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, and Morocco. The results indicate that Arab youth are getting more liberal with their ideas and some practices with the …

The Living In History Effect And The Intergenerational Transmission Of Memories, Samar A. Zebian Dr.

International Symposium on Arab Youth

The paper for the symposium on Arab Youth Identity has two parts, the first discusses research on the Living in History effect and why some national samples have shown a heightened level of historical consciousness. The second part proposes a project to examine how living in history affects the intergenerational transmission of personal and historical memories among youth living in Lebanon.

The line of research I wish to discuss in this symposium examines why some individuals and some groups in some nations have a heightened historical consciousness. Research by cognitive scientists studying memory has shown that individuals living through collectively …

Youth Coping With Oppression In Arab Spring And Its Psychological And Socio-Political Dynamics: The Example Of Palestinian Youth, Ibrahim Aref Kira, Abdul-Wahab Nasser Alawneh, Sharifa Aboumediene, Linda Lewandowski

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Arab Spring exemplified how distress due to cumulative dynamics of oppression, poverty and chronic stress can result in mental health events that prime shared distress and trigger socio-political uprisings. Further, Islamist parties won the elections that followed the uprisings. Additionally resiliency of youth and will to survive is the source of their positive coping with oppression. Unfortunately, most of our understanding of and interventions with trauma are focused on past traumas perpetrated by individuals, current and ongoing traumas perpetrated by social groups, such as oppression and discriminations are mostly ignored. Why Arab Spring? And why religious groups became the dominant …

Using Convoys Of Social Relations To Understand Culture And Forgiveness From An Arab American Youth Perspective, Kristine Ajrouch

International Symposium on Arab Youth

The study of forgiveness among Arab Americans is both unique and illustrative. First, the nature of social relations within Arab American culture, particularly the high value placed on family relations, draws attention to the ways that close and important relationships inform attitudes and behaviors around the act of forgiveness. Second, the growing sentiment of “otherness” that is both projected on to Arab Americans by mainstream U.S. society, as well as internalized by recent cohorts of Arab American youth hold potential insights into relations between Arab Americans and other racial/ethnic groups. In this presentation, I focus on forgiveness as a potential …

Arab Canadian High School Students’ Perceptions Of Their Schooling Experiences: A Narrative Analysis, Nesreen Elkord

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Due to the rise in the number of Arab students in Canadian schools, I am interested in Arab immigrant youths’ everyday lived experiences at school.

Because I believe in Dewey’s (1938) argument, that knowledge is constructed through experience and experience is an essential element in education, I am conducting an exploratory study to learn more about the perceptions of new comer Arab Canadian high school students of their schooling experiences in Canadian schools.

The purpose of this study is to bring an understanding of their lived experiences in an effort to potentially enhance the school-home connections and bridge a cultural …

Acculturation Strategies And Arab Youth Cultural Identity Development: A Review, Riham N. Al-Saadi

International Symposium on Arab Youth

As youth immigrate to a new country, they tend to acculturate in various ways. By definition, acculturation is “the processes through which immigrants gradually adapt their language, behavior and/or values as a result of their contact with the mainstream culture” (Wang et al., 2012). Immigrant youth adopt one of four acculturation strategies, namely assimilation, separation, integration and marginalization (Berry & Sabatier, 2010; Coatsworth & Maldonado-Molina, 2005; Wang et al., 2012). Research has shown that adopting an integrated profile with a balance between both heritage and mainstream cultures translates into greater psychological and socio-cultural adaptation. Synthesized information from research on immigrant …

Help Seeking Behaviours And Depressive Symptoms In Arab Canadian And European Canadian Adolescents, Emily M. Johnson, Emily Kear, Julie Norman, Erin Romanchych, Rosanne Menna

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Objectives. The aim of the present study was to examine the relations between help-seeking behaviours and mood problems among Arab Canadian and European Canadian adolescents. Method. Participants were 12 Arab Canadian adolescents (six males and six females; M = 15.75, SD = 1.42) and 12 European Canadian adolescents, matched for age and gender (six males and six females; M = 15.75, SD = 1.42) from three demographically diverse high schools in a midsized city in Ontario, Canada. Participants completed questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, stressful life problems, sources of help, and barriers to seeking help for a stressful problem. Results. Youth …

Ethnic Identity Among Arab Americans: An Examination Of Contextual Influences And Psychological Well-Being, Rand R. Fakih, Barry Markman Ph.D., Stephen B. Hillman Ph.D., Francesca Pernice-Duca Ph.D., Marjorie Beeghly Ph.D.

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Existing theories and research have indicated that ethnic identity is crucial for ethnic minority young adults because ethnicity is an important component of their personal identity that is likely to influence various aspects of their development. Given the centrality of this construct, the overarching aim of the present study was to examine ethnic identity and psychological well-being among members of an ethnic group that have long been ignored in the psychological literature: Arab Americans. Specifically, the goals of the study were threefold. The first goal was to examine the association between multiple contextual factors (such as students’ perceptions of their …

Multicultural Youth In Canada: Comparing Friendships And Perceived Social Support, Samantha Daniel, Julie Hakim-Larson

International Symposium on Arab Youth

There is paucity of research examining the differences between friendships among multicultural youth. Specifically, youth of Arab, East Asian, South Asian, and European descent were examined in this study because these groups are among the largest ethnic groups in Canada and are diverse for the purpose of comparison. Previous researchers have assessed differences between immigrant generations when comparing same- and cross-ethnicity friendships (e.g., Harker, 2001), whereas the effect of cultural group has been neglected. Thus, examination of same- and cross-ethnicity friendships was largely exploratory. Researchers in the past have theorized that individuals of Arab descent may be more likely to …

Importance Of Ethnicity: Differences In Reported Discrimination Towards Muslim Students, Sameera Ahmed, Wahiba Abu-Ras, Cynthia Arfken

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Numerous studies have reported on the negative impact of perceived discrimination on health of Arabs and Muslims (Ahmed, Kia-Keating, Tsai, 2011; Rippy & Neuman, 2006). However, it is unknown if discrimination is experienced at similar rates among co-religionists. To date, there have been no studies exploring perceived discriminatory experiences of Muslims by ethnicity. This study assumes that Arab Muslim student will report similar recent discriminatory experiences compared to other non-Arab Muslim students.

Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit self-identified 156 Muslim under-graduates to complete a web-based survey (2010-11) at one large U.S. urban commuter university. Arab Muslim student (N=55) were …

Influence Of Media Stereotypes On Muslim-Americans’ Perceptions Of Identity, Muniba Saleem

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Most Americans depend on media for information regarding Muslims (Nisbet, Ostman, & Shanahan, 2009). The portrayal of Muslims within media is largely negative (Shaheen, 2001). Given the importance of media as a socializing agent, it is important to understand how media might influence the perceptions of Muslims and non-Muslims on several important dimensions. Media portrayals of Muslims as the “enemy” are likely to reduce the acceptance and inclusion of Muslim-Americans within the American national identity by Non-Muslims. This presentation is also likely to influence Muslim Americans’ perceptions of the compatibility or conflict between their two identities. Using the Social Identity …

Acculturation, Identity And Wellbeing Among Ethnocultural Youth, John Berry

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Acculturation is the process of cultural and psychological change that results from the prolonged contact between groups and individuals of different cultures. Much acculturation takes place in culturally-diverse societies that have emerged following colonization and immigration. There are three important acculturation issues that need consideration: how do individuals of different cultures engage each other; how well do they adapt to their intercultural situation; and are there relationships between how individuals acculturate and how well they adapt. Core concepts in dealing with these questions are acculturation strategies and cultural identities (how) and psychological and social wellbeing (how well). The search for …

Arab Youth Symposium 2013: Conference Program, Julie Hakim-Larson, Rosanne Menna

International Symposium on Arab Youth

Please have a look at the short program with a detailed list of the day, time and name of the presentations.

Sexual Assault Resistance Education For University Women: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial (Sare Trial), Charlene Y. Senn, Misha Eliasziw, Paula C. Barata, Wilfreda E. Thurston, Ian R. Newby-Clark, Lorraine H. Radtke, Karen L. Hobden, Sare Study Team

Psychology Publications

Background

More than one in six women will be sexually assaulted in their lifetimes, most by men they know. The situation on university campuses is even more startling, with as many as 1 in 4 female students being victims of rape or attempted rape. The associated physical and mental health effects are extensive and the social and economic costs are staggering. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to determine whether a novel, small-group sexual assault resistance education program can reduce the incidence of sexual assault among university-attending women, when compared to current university practice of providing informational brochures. …

Exploration To Transformation: How To Acheive Big Changes In Your Library, Karen Pillon

Leddy Library Presentations

No abstract provided.

Distinctive Features Of Persuasion And Deliberation Dialogues, Katie Atkinson, Trevor Bench-Capon, Douglas Walton

CRRAR Publications

The distinction between action persuasion dialogues and deliberation dialogues is not always obvious at first sight. In this paper, we provide a characterisation of both types of dialogues that draws out the distinctive features of each. It is important to recognise the distinctions since participants in both types of dialogues will have different aims, which in turn affects whether a successful outcome can be reached. Such dialogues are typically conducted by exchanging arguments for and against certain options. The moves of the dialogue are designed to facilitate such exchanges. In particular, we show how the pre- and post-conditions for the …

Collectivism And Coping: Current Theories, Evidence, And Measurements Of Collective Coping, B.C.H Kuo

Psychology Publications

A burgeoning body of cultural coping research has begun to identify the prevalence and the functional importance of collective coping behaviors among culturally diverse populations in North America and internationally. These emerging findings are highly significant as they evidence culture's impacts on the stress-coping process via collectivistic values and orientation. They provide a critical counterpoint to the prevailing Western, individualistic stress and coping paradigm. However, current research and understanding about collective coping appear to be piecemeal and not well integrated. To address this issue, this review attempts to comprehensively survey, summarize, and evaluate existing research related to collective coping and …

Motivational And Personality Predictors Of Body Esteem In High- And Low-Frequency Exercisers, B. L. Segatto, Kathryn Lafreniere

Psychology Publications

Active living is imperative to maintaining good health, and becoming involved in regular exercise at a young age is fundamental. The purpose of this study was to examine motivation for exercise among university students in relation to metamotivational dominance and body esteem. Participants in this study were 106 undergraduate students who were recruited from their psychology departmental participant pool and from the campus exercise facility at a medium sized Canadian university. Participants completed an inventory that included the Motivational Style Profile, Big Five Inventory-10, Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, and the Body Weight and Image Self-Esteem Evaluation Questionnaire to assess …