Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Publication Year
- Publication
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 35
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Defining The Other, Jorge Capetillo-Ponce
Defining The Other, Jorge Capetillo-Ponce
Jorge Capetillo-Ponce
G. W. F. Hegel said: “Everything is what is not.” Throughout human history, we find a continuous struggle to define the other, the foreigner, the unknown, the opposite of we or I. And, as the quote from Hegel indicates, what they are, that we are not, helps define the frontiers of personal and group identity.
Constructing A Shared Identity In Deeply Divided Societies, John M. Nagle
Constructing A Shared Identity In Deeply Divided Societies, John M. Nagle
John M Nagle
In order to bolster sustainable peacebuilding in violently divided societies, a normative suggestion is that efforts should be made to construct a shared public identity that overarches ethnic divisions. A number of different centripetal/transformationist processes are identified as engendering a shared identity in comparison to consociational arrangements, which are accused of institutionalizing ethnic differences and perpetuating conflict. These transformationist approaches essentially rest on the premise that since ethnicity is constructed it can be reconstructed into new shared forms. Looking at Northern Ireland, we argue there are limits to the extent that ethnicity can be reconstructed into shared identities. By analysing …
The Cultural Realm Of European Integration, Antonio Menéndez Alarcón
The Cultural Realm Of European Integration, Antonio Menéndez Alarcón
Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón
Against the background of the changing global context, this book presents an analysis of three country members of the EU (France, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and the most significant social representations that are influencing the course of European integration.- WorldCat
National Identity, Nationalism, And The Organization Of The European Union, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón
National Identity, Nationalism, And The Organization Of The European Union, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón
Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón
Based on in-depth interviews and document analysis, this article examines the relationships between cultural identification and the process of European integration. It shows that French and Spanish people's cultural attachments to Europe as a common social organization is still very limited and reflects a concern for the defense of a national identity. This research contributes to our understanding of the European integration and to the theory of cultural identity by suggesting a dynamic paradigm that articulates the constitution of a formal organization with the process of cultural identity formation.
National Identities Confronting European Integration, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón
National Identities Confronting European Integration, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón
Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón
This article examines the relationships between cultural identification and the process of European integration. Specifically, it describes and analyzes 1) people's cultural attachments to Europe as a common social organization and 2) the connection between people's perception of European integration and the defense of a national cultural identity
Representation In Kenya, Its Diaspora, And Academia: Colonial Legacies In Constructions Of Knowledge About Kenya's Coast, Jesse Benjamin
Representation In Kenya, Its Diaspora, And Academia: Colonial Legacies In Constructions Of Knowledge About Kenya's Coast, Jesse Benjamin
Jesse Benjamin
This paper explores the construction of knowledge in Kenya in the context and aftermath of colonialism and underdevelopment. Those communities that were politically and economically marginalized in Coast Province over the past century were also displaced in terms of academic opportunities, resulting in fewer social science scholars from Mijikenda and other non-Swahili communities in both Kenyan and diaspora universities. Underdevelopment studies in Africa and Kenya are briefly reviewed, and the colonial history of asymmetric social relations at coastal Kenya is traced. Finally, key debates over identity and history are examined within this context and shown to be exacerbated by diasporic …
The Embodiment Of Tolerance In Discourses And Practices Addressing Cultural Diversity In Schools, The Case Of Cyprus, Nicos Trimikliniotis, Corina Demetriou, Elena Papamichael
The Embodiment Of Tolerance In Discourses And Practices Addressing Cultural Diversity In Schools, The Case Of Cyprus, Nicos Trimikliniotis, Corina Demetriou, Elena Papamichael
Nicos Trimikliniotis
The report examines the processes, methods and Practices of the Cypriot educational system as the
embodiment of tolerance in discourses and practices addressing cultural diversity in schools. These are
mediated by the perceptions of policy makers, the convictions of stakeholders involved in the processes and abilities of and tools made available to educationalists. In examining the nature of the educational system and particularly the way in which the system treats its minoritised individuals and groups, the philosophy which emerges is that of viewing diversity as a disadvantage and a deficiency that needs to be ‘treated’, against a backdrop of essentialising …
Religion And Nationalism: Four Approaches, Rogers Brubaker
Religion And Nationalism: Four Approaches, Rogers Brubaker
Rogers Brubaker
Building on recent literature, this paper discusses four ways of studying the relation between religion and nationalism. The first is to treat religion and nationalism, along with ethnicity and race, as analogous phenomena. The second is to specify ways in which religion helps explain things about nationalism - its origin, its power, or its distinctive character in particular cases. The third is to treat religion as part of nationalism, and to specify modes of interpenetration and intertwining. The fourth is to posit a distinctively religious form of nationalism. The paper concludes by reconsidering the much-criticized understanding of nationalism as a …
The Priesthood Of Nationalism In Egypt: Duty, Authority, Autonomy, Benjamin Geer
The Priesthood Of Nationalism In Egypt: Duty, Authority, Autonomy, Benjamin Geer
Benjamin Geer
This thesis considers the effects of nationalism on the autonomy of intellectuals in Egypt. I argue that nationalism limits intellectuals’ ability to challenge social hierarchies, political authority and economic inequality, and that it has been more readily used to legitimise new forms of domination in competition with old ones. I analyse similarities between religion and nationalism, using the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu together with cognitive linguistics. Focusing mainly on the similarities between priests and nationalist intellectuals, and secondarily between prophets and charismatic nationalist political leaders, I show that nationalism and religion are based on relatively similar concepts, which lend …
Nationalism, Ethnicity, And Modernity, Rogers Brubaker
Nationalism, Ethnicity, And Modernity, Rogers Brubaker
Rogers Brubaker
No abstract provided.
Economic Crisis, Nationalism, And Politicized Ethnicity, Rogers Brubaker
Economic Crisis, Nationalism, And Politicized Ethnicity, Rogers Brubaker
Rogers Brubaker
No abstract provided.
Nationalizing States Revisited: Projects And Processes Of Nationalization In Post-Soviet States, Rogers Brubaker
Nationalizing States Revisited: Projects And Processes Of Nationalization In Post-Soviet States, Rogers Brubaker
Rogers Brubaker
This paper analyzes Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan as nationalizing states, focusing on four domains: ethnopolitical demography, language repertories and practices, the polity, and the economy. Nationalizing discourse has figured centrally in these and other “post-multinational” contexts. But nationalizing projects and processes have differed substantially across cases. Where ethnonational boundaries have been strong, quasi-racial, and intergenerationally persistent, as in Kazakhstan, nationalization (notwithstanding inclusive official rhetoric) has served primarily to strengthen and empower the titular nation. Where ethnonational and linguistic boundaries have been blurred and permeable, as in Ukraine, nationalization has worked primarily to reshape cultural practices, loyalties, and identities, thereby …
Charles Tilly As A Theorist Of Nationalism, Rogers Brubaker
Charles Tilly As A Theorist Of Nationalism, Rogers Brubaker
Rogers Brubaker
This paper considers Charles Tilly as an important but underappreciated theorist of nationalism. Tilly’s theory of nationalism emerged from the “bellicist” strand of his earlier work on state-formation and later incorporated a concern with performance, stories, and cultural modeling. Yet despite the turn to culture in Tilly’s later work, his theory of nationalism remained state-centered, materialist, and instrumentalist—a source of both its power and its limitations.
Prophets And Priests Of The Nation: Naguib Mahfouz’S Karnak Café And The 1967 Crisis In Egypt, Benjamin Geer
Prophets And Priests Of The Nation: Naguib Mahfouz’S Karnak Café And The 1967 Crisis In Egypt, Benjamin Geer
Benjamin Geer
Similarities between religion and nationalism are well known but not well understood. They can be explained by drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory in order to consider symbolic interests and the strategies employed to advance them. In both religion and nationalism, the “strategy of the prophets” relies on charisma while the “strategy of the priests” relies on cultural capital. In 20th-century Egypt, nationalism permitted intellectuals whose cultural capital was mainly secular, such as Naguib Mahfouz, to become “priests of the nation” in order to compete with the ʿulamaʾ for prestige and influence. However, it severely limited their autonomy, particularly after …
Summary: Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam
Summary: Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam
Allen Gnanam
The Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict will continue to escalate throughout both the short term and long term world future. The current and future animosity between both ethnic groups can be attributed to (a) history based accounts and religious tensions, (b) polarizing ideologies held by both sides, and (c) middle eastern resentment toward the Jewish state of Israel. History based accounts will refer to both biased historical accounts and factual historical events that have contributed to the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict. Concepts such as ethnicity, nationalism, ideology, Palestinians, Israeli’s, Arabs, and religion will be conceptualized in the research paper.
Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam
Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam
Allen Gnanam
This research paper discusses the historical, religious, and ideological factors linked to the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict, and how these factors have contributed to middle eastern resentment toward the Jewish State of Israeli. The Modernist Theory, Perceptual Framework, and he Domestic Framework have been applied to the analysis of the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict, in order to demonstrate the intensity of the above factors and their provocative role in the conflict. Other provocative issues that are discussed in this paper include territorial wars, ethnic nationalism, the competition for natural resources, the biased dissemination of historical text through educational institutions, and …
National Homogenization And Ethnic Reproduction On The European Periphery, Rogers Brubaker
National Homogenization And Ethnic Reproduction On The European Periphery, Rogers Brubaker
Rogers Brubaker
No abstract provided.
Ethnicity, Race, And Nationalism, Rogers Brubaker
Ethnicity, Race, And Nationalism, Rogers Brubaker
Rogers Brubaker
This article traces the contours of a comparative, global, crossdisciplinary, and multiparadigmatic field that construes ethnicity, race, and nationhood as a single integrated family of forms of cultural understanding, social organization, and political contestation. It then reviews a set of diverse yet related efforts to study the way ethnicity, race, and nation work in social, cultural, and political life without treating ethnic groups, races, or nations as substantial entities, or even taking such groups as units of analysis at all.
Oromummaa As The Master Ideology Of The Oromo National Movement, Asafa Jalata
Oromummaa As The Master Ideology Of The Oromo National Movement, Asafa Jalata
Asafa Jalata
Oromummaa, as an element of culture, nationalism, and vision, has the power to serve as a manifestation of the collective identity of the Oromo national movement. The foundation of Oromummaa must be built on overarching principles that are embedded within Oromo traditions and culture and, at the same time, have universal relevance for all oppressed peoples. The main foundations of Oromummaa are individual and collective freedom, justice, popular democracy, and human liberation all of which are built on the concept of saffu (moral and ethical order) and are enshrined in gada principles. Although, in recent years, many Oromos have become …
Refugee Camps In The Palestinian And Sahrawi National Liberation Movements: A Comparative Perspective, Randa Farah
Refugee Camps In The Palestinian And Sahrawi National Liberation Movements: A Comparative Perspective, Randa Farah
Randa R Farah Dr.
Drawing on ethnographic field research, this analysis compares the evolution of refugee camps as incubators of political organization and repositories of collective memory for Palestinian refugees in Jordan and Sahrawi refugees of the Western Sahara. While recognizing the significant differences between the historical and geopolitical contexts of the two groups and their national movements (the PLO and Polisario, respectively), the author examines the Palestinian and Sahrawi projects of national consciousness formation and institution-building, concluding that Palestinian camps are “mapped” in relation to the past, while political organization in Sahrawi camps evidences a forward-looking vision.
Ethiopia: The State Of Terror And War In The Horn Of Africa, Asafa Jalata
Ethiopia: The State Of Terror And War In The Horn Of Africa, Asafa Jalata
Asafa Jalata
My discussion focuses on two central issues. First, I will demonstrate how global connections, war, and terrorism have been used as the main political tools in creating and maintaining the Abyssinian/Ethiopian state. Second, I will assert how there cannot be peace, democracy, stability, and development in the Horn of Africa without removing the Tigrayan-led minority Ethiopian government that intensifies terrorism, external dependency, and war in the Horn of Africa.
評陳佳宏著《台灣獨立運動史》, Weider Shu
Streets Not Named: Discursive Dead Ends And The Politics Of Orientation In Intercommunal Spatial Relations In Northern Greece, Olga Demetriou
Streets Not Named: Discursive Dead Ends And The Politics Of Orientation In Intercommunal Spatial Relations In Northern Greece, Olga Demetriou
Olga Demetriou
In light of recent discussions on the anthropology of space and theories of governmentality, this article analyzes the entrenchment and interaction in space of ethnic and national identities in an environment in which competing conceptualizations of space persist. The town of Komotini, in northern Greece, is inhabited by both Greek and Turkish speakers; both communities have claims to a variety of ethnic and geographical origins. These claims are presented in different contexts, such as national celebrations, street naming, and instances of communal and intercommunal interaction. The article analyzes how the claims of different actors are related through the examination of …
Communist’S Post-Modern Power Dilemma: One Step Back, Two Steps Forward, “Soft No” And Hard Choices …, Nicos Trimikliniotis
Communist’S Post-Modern Power Dilemma: One Step Back, Two Steps Forward, “Soft No” And Hard Choices …, Nicos Trimikliniotis
Nicos Trimikliniotis
This paper considers the challenges ahead after having assessed what determined the outcome of the referendum in April 2004 and the balance of forces as they emerge in the Parliamentary elections of 2006. In spite of the generally sound claims that globalisation shifts decision-making away from nation-states, particularly weak and small states to networks beyond the nation-state, in the case of Cyprus what we have for the first time paradoxically is the “fate” of Cyprus primarily in the hands of Cypriots themselves. Although semi-occupied the two communities can make their decision as to the future of their country and state, …
Transforming National Identity In The Diaspora: An Identity Formation Approach To Biographies Of Activists Affiliated With The Taiwan Independence Movement In The United States, Weider Shu
Weider Shu
Located within the literature on racial/ethnic identity formation theory, especially the transformational stages developed by William E. Cross in his “Psychology of Nigrescence,” the purpose of this dissertation is to interpret and analyze the biographical information of six selected activists affiliated with the Taiwan Independence Movement (hereafter TIM) in the United States, especially their experiences of identity shifting from Chinese identity to Taiwanese identity.
While contending that the essence of national identity --- especially the elements relevant to the construction of subjective meaning --- has often been neglected by most of the students of nationalism, the basic theoretical concern of …
Comparing The African American And The Oromo Movements In The Global Context, Asafa Jalata
Comparing The African American And The Oromo Movements In The Global Context, Asafa Jalata
Asafa Jalata
The African American and Oromo movements have been anti-colonial struggles, and they have aimed to dismantle racial/ethnonational hierarchies legitimated by the ideology of racism in the hegemonic state of the United States and the peripheral and imperial state of Ethiopia.
Nationalism In Indonesia: Building Imagined And Intentional Communities Through Transmigration, Brian A. Hoey
Nationalism In Indonesia: Building Imagined And Intentional Communities Through Transmigration, Brian A. Hoey
Brian A. Hoey, Ph.D.
This article will discuss the Indonesian government’s population resettlement program to explore different ways of looking at the idea of community and community building. Transmigration settlements are both planned and intentional communities. They are planned in accordance to government priorities, which intend them to serve in the building of an imagined community – a unified nation. They are also places where settlers struggle, following their own intent, to build their own personal, everyday vision of community as a place where they feel that they belong. This article will introduce the basic history of the program and its place in the …
Selling Canada To Canadians: Collective Memory, National Identity, And Popular Culture, Emily West
Selling Canada To Canadians: Collective Memory, National Identity, And Popular Culture, Emily West
Emily E. West
Two media endeavours, the Heritage Minutes and the CBC documentary Canada: A People’s History, hope to serve as a corrective to Canadians’ lack of interest in their history and to bolster national identity. However, the producers do not want to appear propagandistic in a country where there is conflict about what the shape of the nation should be. They accomplish this by appealing to the “on the spot” authority of journalistic representation and the emotional immediacy of dramatic story-telling. They also emphasize the multi-cultural and multi-perspectival nature of Canada’s past. However, ultimately these efforts exist within a larger narrative about …
Who Joined The Clandestine Political Organization? Some Preliminary Evidence From The Overseas Taiwan Independence Movement, Weider Shu
Weider Shu
The focus of this paper is the political activism of the activists affiliated with overseas Taiwan Independence Movement (TIM), especially those residing in the United States. Based upon the in-depth interview with fourteen TIM activists and two other published data sets about the demographical characteristics of TIM activists, this essay deals with a very fundamental aspect of activism in the clandestine political organizations: what is the social composition of these activists. Two approaches can be seen as direct approaches of political activism in the social movement literature: marginality thesis and privilege thesis. On the one hand, proponents of marginality thesis …
中國民族主義˙帝國主義˙台灣獨立運動︰評三本90年代中國出版的「台獨研究」專書, Weider Shu
中國民族主義˙帝國主義˙台灣獨立運動︰評三本90年代中國出版的「台獨研究」專書, Weider Shu
Weider Shu
Based on three books conducted by Chinese scholars regarding the Taiwan Independence Movement (TIM), this paper tries to critically examine the so-called “imperialism,” --- the thesis adopted by most, if not all, Chinese scholars while analyzing the issue relevant to TIM. According to this thesis, the origin and development of the postwar TIM is conceived as the product caused by foreign power, which is led by the United States, for the purpose of interfering Chinese domestic politics. This paper argues that we have to explore these Chinese scholars’ notion of nationalism for comprehending their rationale of adopting the imperialism as …