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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Appalachia (4)
- Socioeconomic status (2)
- Adoption subsidies (1)
- At-risk children (1)
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- Physical and sedentary activities (1)
- Place-based policies (1)
- Poverty governance (1)
- Race disparities in birth (1)
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- U.S. South (1)
- Urban children’s weight status (1)
Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Objective And Subjective Residential Context And Urban Children’S Weight Status And Physical And Sedentary Activities, Rachel Tolbert Kimbro, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara Mclanahan
Objective And Subjective Residential Context And Urban Children’S Weight Status And Physical And Sedentary Activities, Rachel Tolbert Kimbro, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara Mclanahan
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
This paper fills this gap by addressing two research questions: first, we ask, are the activity patterns (outdoor play and television watching) of five-year-old children living in large cities associated with children’s weight status? Second, we ask, is residential context, and neighborhood safety in particular, associated with children’s activity patterns? Consistent with past research, we find that outdoor play is negatively associated with weight status, while television watching is positively associated with weight status. We also find, unexpectedly, that the poorest children are playing outdoors the most and watching the most television. Finally, we find that three measures of residential …
Race Disparities In Birth Outcomes In The U.S. South And The Rest Of The Nation, Lenna Nepomnyaschy
Race Disparities In Birth Outcomes In The U.S. South And The Rest Of The Nation, Lenna Nepomnyaschy
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
There are well-documented and as yet unexplained disparities in birth outcomes by race in the United States, even after controlling for socioeconomic status. This paper examines the sources of disparities in low birth weight between blacks and whites in the U.S., by focusing on differences in disparities between two very distinct geographic areas, the Deep South and the rest of the country. Two findings from prior research drive the analyses: First, health overall is worse in the Deep South states; Second, race disparities are smaller in the Deep South than in the rest of the nation. A number of potential …
Externalities In The Classroom: How Children Exposed To Domestic Violence Affect Everyone’S Kids, Scott E. Carrell, Mark L. Hoekstra
Externalities In The Classroom: How Children Exposed To Domestic Violence Affect Everyone’S Kids, Scott E. Carrell, Mark L. Hoekstra
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
There is widespread perception that externalities from troubled children are significant, though measuring them is difficult due to data and methodological limitations. We estimate the negative spillovers caused by children from troubled families by exploiting a unique data set in which children’s school records are matched to domestic violence cases. We find that children from troubled families significantly decrease their peers’ reading and math test scores and increase misbehavior in the classroom. The achievement spillovers are robust to within-family differences and when controlling for school-by-year effects, providing strong evidence that neither selection nor common shocks are driving the results.
Down From The Mountain: Skill Upgrading And Wages In Appalachia, Christopher Bollinger, James P. Ziliak, Kenneth R. Troske
Down From The Mountain: Skill Upgrading And Wages In Appalachia, Christopher Bollinger, James P. Ziliak, Kenneth R. Troske
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
Despite evidence that skilled labor is increasingly concentrated in cities, whether regional wage inequality is predominantly due to differences in skill levels or returns is unknown. We compare Appalachia, with its wide mix of urban and rural areas, to other parts of the U.S., and find that gaps in both skill levels and returns account for the lack of high wage male workers. For women, skill shortages are important across the distribution. Because rural wage gaps are insignificant, our results suggest that widening wage inequality between Appalachia and the rest of the U.S. owes to a shortage of skilled cities.
The Labor-Market Returns To Community College Degrees, Diplomas, And Certificates, Christopher Jepsen, Kenneth R. Troske, Paul Coomes
The Labor-Market Returns To Community College Degrees, Diplomas, And Certificates, Christopher Jepsen, Kenneth R. Troske, Paul Coomes
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
This paper provides the first detailed empirical evidence of the labor-market returns to community college diplomas and certificates. Using detailed administrative data from Kentucky, we estimate panel-data models that control for differences among students in pre-college earnings and educational aspirations. Associate’s degrees and diplomas have quarterly earnings returns of nearly $2,000 for women, compared to returns of approximately $1,500 for men. Certificates have small positive returns for men and women in most specifications. There is substantial heterogeneity in returns across fields of study. Degrees, diplomas, and certificates all correspond with higher levels of employment.
Do Adoption Subsidies Help At-Risk Children?, Kasey Buckles
Do Adoption Subsidies Help At-Risk Children?, Kasey Buckles
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
Over half a million children in the United States are currently in foster care, many of whom are at risk for long-lasting emotional and health problems. Research suggests that adoption may be one of the more promising options for the placement of these children. The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, which provided federal funds for monthly adoption subsidies, was designed to promote adoptions of special-needs children and children in foster care.
Using data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting Systems for 2000- 2006, I consider the effects of these adoption subsidies on children’s likelihood …
Socioeconomic Status, Child Health, And Future Outcomes: Lessons For Appalachia, Janet Currie
Socioeconomic Status, Child Health, And Future Outcomes: Lessons For Appalachia, Janet Currie
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
Appalachians are in poor health relative to other Americans. For example, the ageadjusted all cause mortality rate for Appalachian in 2006 was over 900 per 100,000 compared to a rate of 760 per 100,000 for those outside of Appalachia. This essay shows that health disparities start before birth—the incidence of low birth weight is 90 1,000 in rural Appalachia compared to 83 per 1,000 outside the U.S. These disparities continue through childhood and into adulthood. Moreover, although African Americans are generally in poorer health relative to white Americans, disparities between Appalachia and the rest of the U.S. are much greater …
Inequality And Human Capital In Appalachia: 1960-2000, Dan Black, Seth Sanders
Inequality And Human Capital In Appalachia: 1960-2000, Dan Black, Seth Sanders
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
This paper examines changes in the earnings distribution of men age 25-64 between 1960 and 2000 in Appalachia and in the remainder of the U.S. Because Appalachia is more rural than the remainder of the U.S. we also examine changes in the earnings distribution in rural vs. urban areas. Our central finding is that there have been large differences in the evolution of the earnings distribution in rural vs. urban areas and this is the principal reason that Appalachia’s earnings distribution differs to some degree from the remainder of the U.S. We find that the bottom of the earnings distribution …
Cities, Economic Development, And The Role Of Place-Based Policies: Lessons For Appalachia, Matthew Kahn
Cities, Economic Development, And The Role Of Place-Based Policies: Lessons For Appalachia, Matthew Kahn
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
This paper surveys economic research on the association between economic development and urban areas, links this summary to some important trends in economic outcomes in Appalachia in recent decades, highlights areas in need of future research on the role of urban areas as engines of economic development in Appalachia, and discusses what types of place-based policies might be effective to promote economic growth and development in the Appalachian region.
Bilingual Education And English Proficiency, Christopher Jepsen
Bilingual Education And English Proficiency, Christopher Jepsen
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
English Learners, students who are not proficient in English and speak a non-English language at home, make up more than 10 percent of the nation’s K-12 student body. Achieving proficiency in English for these students is a major goal of both state and federal education policy, motivating the provision of bilingual education policies. Using data for nearly 500,000 English Learners from California, I show that students in bilingual education have substantially lower English proficiency than other English Learners in first and second grades. In contrast, there is little difference between bilingual education and other programs for students in grades three …
The Organization Of Discipline: From Performance Management To Perversity And Punishment, Joe Soss, Richard Fording, Sanford F. Schram
The Organization Of Discipline: From Performance Management To Perversity And Punishment, Joe Soss, Richard Fording, Sanford F. Schram
University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series
Over the past few decades, poverty governance in the United States has been transformed by the convergence of two powerful reform movements. The first, often referred to as “paternalist,” has shifted poverty governance from an emphasis on rights and opportunities to a stance that is more directive and supervisory in promoting preferred behaviors among the poor. The second, often described as “neoliberal,” has shifted governance away from federal government control toward a system that emphasizes policy devolution, privatization, and performance competition. During this period, public officials have proved remarkably willing to hand policy control over to lower jurisdictions and private …