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- Timothy J. Bartik (31)
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Articles 121 - 140 of 140
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Taiwan’S Changing Employment And Earnings Structure, Gary S. Fields
Taiwan’S Changing Employment And Earnings Structure, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] In its determined pursuit of economic development throughout the latter part of the twentieth century, Taiwan consistently succeeded in achieving growth rates that were amongst the highest in the world; however, in tandem with such growth, a number of significant changes also took place in the island's labour market. This chapter begins by highlighting some of the most important of these aggregate changes, as follows: (i) the achievement, and subsequent maintenance of, essentially full employment; (ii) improvements in the overall mix of jobs, in particular, a steady reduction in the share of agricultural employment to total employment, a very …
The Migration Transition In Asia, Gary S. Fields
The Migration Transition In Asia, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] This theoretical discussion of the migration transition is Asia develops a framework to understand the turning point from labor exporter to labor importer experienced by the Asian NIEs (Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan). The author concludes that the NIEs' demand for labor curve shifted rapidly, primarily due to export-led growth of a labor-intensive character. Because these economies are well integrated, improvements in labor market conditions in individual sectors are transmitted to all workers, discouraging emigration. Despite industry's efforts to mitigate wage increases through labor import, new technology or relocation overseas, the rapidly improving domestic earnings opportunities induced the …
Education And Taiwan’S Changing Employment And Earnings Structure, Gary S. Fields, Amanda Newton Kraus
Education And Taiwan’S Changing Employment And Earnings Structure, Gary S. Fields, Amanda Newton Kraus
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] Between 1980 and 1992, the enormous changes in economic development in Taiwan had significant impacts on the island's labour market. Examples of these changes include the island's almost legendary and meteoric economic growth, the maintenance of essentially full employment, an increase of around 116 per cent in real labour earnings, considerable upgrading of the educational qualifications of the labour force as a whole, a sustained and systematic shift in the composition of the labour force from agriculture into manufacturing and services and occupational upgrading (defined as the expansion of the share of the labour force in the better occupations, …
Labour Institutions And Economic Development: A Conceptual Framework With Reference To Asia, Gary S. Fields
Labour Institutions And Economic Development: A Conceptual Framework With Reference To Asia, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] In this chapter, I set forth a framework for analysing how labour markets function under existing institutional arrangements and predicting how they would respond to alternative changes and policy interventions. I seek to blend logical rigour with institutional realism in a stylized way. My approach borrows from orthodox neoclassical analysis where relevant, and departs from those characterizations when the standard assumptions are empirically untenable.
Employment Generation And Poverty Alleviation In Developing Economies, Gary S. Fields
Employment Generation And Poverty Alleviation In Developing Economies, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] We know well that the East Asian economies have achieved higher economic growth rates than those in any other region of the world and that production for world markets has featured as a hallmark of the East Asian successes. This paper has three purposes: first, to present comparative data showing that the rates at which employment opportunities improve and poverty is reduced mirror countries' differential growth experiences; second, to examine differences in labour market institutions, demonstrating that those in East Asia have similarities more likely to lead to higher output performance and shared improvements in living conditions; and third, …
Escaping From Poverty: Household Income Dynamics In Indonesia, South Africa, Spain, And Venezuela, Gary S. Fields, Paul L. Cichello, Samuel Freije, Marta Menéndez, David Newhouse
Escaping From Poverty: Household Income Dynamics In Indonesia, South Africa, Spain, And Venezuela, Gary S. Fields, Paul L. Cichello, Samuel Freije, Marta Menéndez, David Newhouse
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] This study presents the main results of a larger, more technical report (Fields and others 2001) and subsequent work (Fields and others 2002) that analyzes income mobility in Indonesia, South Africa, Spain, and Venezuela. These economies were selected on the basis of the availability of panel data with which to analyze household income dynamics in the 1990s. By following households over time, we are able to investigate how households that were poor initially fared economically, relative to their richer counterparts. We can learn more about how and why households exit—and enter—poverty. To gauge income mobility, this study centers on …
La Política Comercial Del Paraguay En El Proceso De Integración En El Mercosur Desvíos Del Aec Y Costos De La Protección, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz, Alvaro Ons
La Política Comercial Del Paraguay En El Proceso De Integración En El Mercosur Desvíos Del Aec Y Costos De La Protección, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz, Alvaro Ons
Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz
El ingreso de Paraguay al Mercosur marcó un hito en la historia de su política exterior. Luego de varias décadas de priorización de los temas políticos en la agenda internacional, el Mercosur representaba una oportunidad para que el país alcance un mayor desarrollo. Sin embargo, Paraguay encaró la integración al bloque manteniendo las mismas instituciones comerciales de la dictadura (1954-1989). La evidencia analizada en el presente trabajo revela que uno de los pilares de ese modelo comercial, el comercio de triangulación, filtró la agenda del Mercosur mediante la vigencia de las listas de excepción al Arancel Externo Común. Este mecanismo …
The Effect Of A Collective Exchange Rate Adjustment On East Asian Exports, Mizanur Rahman, Kaliappa P. Kalirajan
The Effect Of A Collective Exchange Rate Adjustment On East Asian Exports, Mizanur Rahman, Kaliappa P. Kalirajan
Mizanur Rahman
This paper estimates long-run effects of a collective exchange rate adjustment on multilateral exports from China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The findings show that a 1 percent generalized appreciation of all East Asian exchange rates would reduce East Asian exports by about 3 per cent.
Labor-Market Regimes In U.S. Economic History, Joshua L. Rosenbloom, William A. Sundstrom
Labor-Market Regimes In U.S. Economic History, Joshua L. Rosenbloom, William A. Sundstrom
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
In much economic analysis it is a convenient fiction to suppose that changes over time in wages and employment are determined by shifts in supply or demand within a more or less competitive market framework Indeed, this framework has been effectively deployed to understand many episodes in American economic history. We argue here, however, that by minimizing the role of labor-market institutions such an approach is incomplete. Drawing on the history of American labor markets over two centuries, we argue that institutions—by which we mean both formal and informal rules that constrain the choices of economic agents—have played a significant …
Regímenes Especiales De Importación En El Paraguay, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz
Regímenes Especiales De Importación En El Paraguay, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz
Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz
La aplicación de los Regímenes Especiales de Importación no armonizados, las listas de excepción al AEC y los acuerdos comerciales de preferencias arancelarias afectan la libre circulación de mercancías en el MERCOSUR e impiden avanzar hacia la consolidación institucional de la Unión Aduanera. Sin embargo, el hecho de que estos mecanismos sigan teniendo un perfil activo en propósitos de desarrollo productivo y de fomento a las exportaciones en cada uno de los países, revela las preferencias de los miembros por seguir manejando con cierta autonomía su propia Política Comercial Externa. El caso de Paraguay es el más significativo en términos …
Islam And The Science Of Economics, Syed Farid Alatas
Islam And The Science Of Economics, Syed Farid Alatas
farid alatas
Economists have generally maintained a rigorous separation between positive and normative economics. In the Muslim world, however, concerted attempts have been made to relate moral conduct to economic institutions and practices. Demands for an alternative theory and practice of development to both modernization and Marxist theories had led to the rise of Islamic economics. But while Islamic economic thinking presents an ideal of development that is based on an Islamic philosophy of life, it is beset by a number of problems which make it difficult to be considered as an alternative to modernist discourse as far as empirical theory is …
Reexamining The Distribution Of Wealth In 1870, Joshua L. Rosenbloom, Gregory W. Stutes
Reexamining The Distribution Of Wealth In 1870, Joshua L. Rosenbloom, Gregory W. Stutes
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
This paper uses data on real and personal property ownership collected in the 1870 Federal Census to explore factors influencing individual wealth accumulation and the aggregate distribution of wealth in the United States near the middle of the nineteenth century. Previous analyses of these data have relied on relatively small samples, or focused on population subgroups. By using the much larger sample available in the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) we are able to disaggregate the data much more finely than has previously been possible allowing us to explore differences in inequality across space and between different population groups. …
Conjectural Estimates Of Economic Growth In The Lower South, 1720 To 1800, Peter C. Mancall, Joshua L. Rosenbloom, Thomas Weiss
Conjectural Estimates Of Economic Growth In The Lower South, 1720 To 1800, Peter C. Mancall, Joshua L. Rosenbloom, Thomas Weiss
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
This paper describes the first step in a larger project to build up regional estimates of economic growth before 1800 in the parts of North America that became the United States. In it we employ the method of conjectural estimation to develop new estimates of the rate of economic growth in the Lower South (modern day North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee) from 1720 to 1800 for both colonists and the Native American population of the region. Contrary to the widely held view that GDP per capita grew at a rate of 0.3 to 0.6 percent per year during …
The Challenges Of Economic Maturity: New England, 1880-1940, Joshua L. Rosenbloom
The Challenges Of Economic Maturity: New England, 1880-1940, Joshua L. Rosenbloom
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
This paper provides an account of the complex changes taking place within New England in the years from 1880 to 1940. After 1880, technological changes and market shifts undermined the sources of comparative advantage that had promoted the concentration of textile and footwear production within the region and propelled regional economic growth. Despite the decline of these industries after 1880, New England's history after 1880 can hardly be characterized as one of economic decline. Regional economic growth did slow in the wake of these events, but the impact of this slowdown on living standards was moderated, by market driven adjustments …
Employer Recruitment And The Integration Of Industrial Labor Markets, 1870-1914, Joshua L. Rosenbloom
Employer Recruitment And The Integration Of Industrial Labor Markets, 1870-1914, Joshua L. Rosenbloom
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
The substantial shifts in the sectoral and geographic location of economic activity that took place in the late nineteenth-century United States required the reallocation of large quantities of labor. This paper examines the response of labor market institutions to the challenges of unbalanced growth. Based on previously unexploited descriptive evidence from the reports of the Immigration Commission it argues that employer recruitment was crucial to the adjustment of labor markets to shifting patterns of supply and demand. Because individual employers could capture only a fraction of the benefits of recruitment, however, investment in this activity may have been less than …
Regional Choice And Economic History, Robert L. Sexton
Regional Choice And Economic History, Robert L. Sexton
Robert L Sexton
No abstract provided.
Strategic Planning Of Seaport Development In A Global Economy: Observations Of An Executive Port Director, Herman L. Boschken
Strategic Planning Of Seaport Development In A Global Economy: Observations Of An Executive Port Director, Herman L. Boschken
Herman L. Boschken
Seaport management is central both to the use of coastal resources and to the needs of a global economy. As a major point of supply-chain activity along the coast and as a source of pollution, ports need to be administered strategically to provide the greatest benefit according to economic and environmental demands. This article is an annotated conversation that provides a practitioner's insight into the management of change along the coastal zone. To address the problem, we probe organization theory for new insight and attempt to apply concepts to practice.
The Effect Of The Alternative Regional Delineations On Historical Interpretation: U.S. Manufacturing In The Mid-Nineteenth Century, Robert L. Sexton
The Effect Of The Alternative Regional Delineations On Historical Interpretation: U.S. Manufacturing In The Mid-Nineteenth Century, Robert L. Sexton
Robert L Sexton
No abstract provided.
Interorganizational Considerations In Coastal Management: The 1976 California Legislative Experience, Herman L. Boschken
Interorganizational Considerations In Coastal Management: The 1976 California Legislative Experience, Herman L. Boschken
Herman L. Boschken
Among coastal management programs, most states have found the question of appropriate administrative structure difficult to cope with. The dilemma of decision trade-offs caused by the dual governmental needs of "efficiency" and "representation" has led to some alternative patterns of administration. For complex issues that transcend local boundaries, the choice between trade-offs means adopting either (a) some form of consolidated bureaucracy or (b) some system of concurrent jurisdictions. Both alternatives have their inherent benefits and disadvantages but, considering the degree of environmental complexity and array of competing interests involved in coastal resource use, the most appropriate administrative form would seem …
Illinois Zoning: On The Verge Of A New Era, Stephen Siegel
Illinois Zoning: On The Verge Of A New Era, Stephen Siegel
Stephen Siegel
No abstract provided.