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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Assessing The Feasibility Of Machine Learning To Predict Chronic Pain In Adolescence, Max A. Kramer
Assessing The Feasibility Of Machine Learning To Predict Chronic Pain In Adolescence, Max A. Kramer
Honors Papers
"Chronic pain affects between 15 to 40% of adolescents worldwide. The impact and prevalence of chronic pain can be felt every day in terms of missed school days, strained familial relationships, and financial stress. While rehabilitation programs specifically designed for chronic pain management exist, they cannot always adapt to the idiosyncratic nature of chronic pain. Machine learning presents a framework to use diary data from individuals in pain and make predictions about the trajectories of their pain and related functioning. This study's goal is to assess the feasibility of using machine learning to predict pain and functioning by constructing, training, …
Acute Exercise Effects On Error Processing In Adult Adhd, Mia K. Bates
Acute Exercise Effects On Error Processing In Adult Adhd, Mia K. Bates
Honors Papers
This study investigated the effect of 30 minutes of stationary biking on ADHD performance on a combined flanker/go/no-go task. We had 22 people with ADHD participate and 27 controls. We did not find any effect of exercise on correct response time, error rates, or error-related positivity (Pe) amplitude. We also did not find a decrease amplitude in baseline error-related negativity (ERN) or Pe of the ADHD group. We did find an a marginal increase in the amplitude of ERN in both groups after exercise (t(19) = 1.72, p = 0.10, Cohen’s d = 0.37). We also found an increase in …
Gender Nonconformity And The Stereotype Content Model, Ari M. Rosenblum
Gender Nonconformity And The Stereotype Content Model, Ari M. Rosenblum
Honors Papers
A recent increase in transgender visibility has highlighted gaps in the social psychology literature about attitudes and biases. There is a relatively large body of literature that examines people’s reactions to gender role violation, but little that examines reactions to gendered trait violation. To assess negative attitudes towards transgender and gender nonconforming people, this experiment asked participants to make attitude judgements (warmth and competence) about a series of gender stereotypic and counterstereotypic face-voice pairs. This procedure was based on the paradigm used to construct the Stereotype Content Model, which categorizes stereotypes/prejudice into four categories (paternalistic, contemptuous, envious, admirable). Participants also …
Does What You Do Before Class Matter?, Elayne Zhou
Does What You Do Before Class Matter?, Elayne Zhou
Honors Papers
The current study builds upon earlier work exploring task switching, learning, and interruption by expanding the timeline to discuss more complex tasks over longer periods. For a student to learn successfully, they must pay attention to the right information. The current study explores how pre-learning conditions affect academic performance by directing attention toward or away from the task. Methods: College undergraduates (N = 62) completed two sessions over two consecutive days. The goal of Session 1 was to both observe baseline distraction and learning. Notes for Session 2 were also pulled from Session 1. The goal of Session 2 was …
Metaphorically Framed Stereotypes, Victim Race, And Attitudes Toward Police: Factors Influencing Juror Cognition And Decision-Making In Police Force Cases, Aliza Jo Spruch-Feiner
Metaphorically Framed Stereotypes, Victim Race, And Attitudes Toward Police: Factors Influencing Juror Cognition And Decision-Making In Police Force Cases, Aliza Jo Spruch-Feiner
Honors Papers
In addition to structural issues within the U.S. justice system, psychological factors contribute to the recent pattern of non-indictments of police officers tried for potential uses of excessive force against Black people. This paper examines the effects of metaphorically framed racial stereotypes and victim race on juror cognition, reasoning, and decision-making. A study was administered via Amazon Mechanical Turk to 420 White participants. The hypotheses were tested using a 3 (Black stereotype metaphors vs. non-stereotypical race-neutral dehumanizing metaphors vs. non-metaphoric semantically similar descriptors) x 2 (race of victim of police violence: White vs. Black) factorial design. While no significant effects …
Pretrial Attitudes And Their Influence On Interpretation Of Case Evidence And Mock Juror Decision-Making In Insanity Defense Cases, Justine M.L. Gonzales
Pretrial Attitudes And Their Influence On Interpretation Of Case Evidence And Mock Juror Decision-Making In Insanity Defense Cases, Justine M.L. Gonzales
Honors Papers
Pretrial attitudes (attitudes held preceding any case-specific information) towards the insanity defense are known to influence jurors’ decision-making about a case. However, the impact of pre-trial attitude on decisions across different types of evidence was an open question that the present study addressed. Through Amazon Mechanical Turk, participants indicated their pretrial support for the insanity defense. Participants served as mock jurors and rated the likelihood of giving the defendant not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) as well as perceived responsibility for the defendant’s actions, they gave these ratings after introducing seven different pieces of evidence (baseline case vignette, mother …
Does Training Enhance Entraining? Musical Ability And Neural Signatures Of Beat Perception, Kira Pinard-Welyczko
Does Training Enhance Entraining? Musical Ability And Neural Signatures Of Beat Perception, Kira Pinard-Welyczko
Honors Papers
Perception of beat and meter is a nearly universal human skill that requires little to no conscious effort. However, the extent to which music training influences this perception in the brain remains unknown. Music performance requires high sensitivity to timing and physical entrainment to external auditory stimuli. Additionally, compared to untrained individuals, musicians show higher performance on a number of auditory and speech tasks, as well as different brain morphology and fiber connections. Beat and meter perception are thought to be subtended by oscillations of groups of neurons at corresponding frequencies. Here, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to examine the magnitude …
E-Cigarette Use Among Individuals Diagnosed With An Eating Disorder, Alexa Mary L'Insalata
E-Cigarette Use Among Individuals Diagnosed With An Eating Disorder, Alexa Mary L'Insalata
Honors Papers
BACKGROUND. E-cigarette use has increased exponentially in recent years. Prior research suggests that some adult e-cigarette users vape to lose weight. The current study examined whether rates of vaping to lose weight are elevated among American adults diagnosed with an eating disorder (i.e., Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, or Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder [OSFED]).
METHODS. American adult e-cigarette users who reported vaping at least weekly and who either had a history of an eating disorder (n = 205, 86.3% with a current diagnosis, 75.2% female, 83.0% White, 33.54 [SD = 8.90] years, 71.4% cigarette smokers) or …
Atheists Are Visualized As Untrustworthy, Maria C. Bertrand
Atheists Are Visualized As Untrustworthy, Maria C. Bertrand
Honors Papers
Previous research has found that atheists experience anti-atheist prejudice, which appears to be marked by a lack of trust. However, it is not known whether this prejudice manifests itself in terms of mental images of atheists, especially since atheists lack visual characteristics, they form a non-cohesive group, and their practices are not easily defined. Using a reverse correlation task (RC task), participants viewed pairs of faces that differed in noise superimposed on a base face. Participants chose which face looked more like an atheist. Each participant’s chosen and non-chosen faces were averaged to create a composite “atheist” and “non-atheist” image, …
Metaphor And Memory: How Metaphors Instantiate Schemas In And Influence Memory Of Narrative, Sarah Elizabeth Cox
Metaphor And Memory: How Metaphors Instantiate Schemas In And Influence Memory Of Narrative, Sarah Elizabeth Cox
Honors Papers
Metaphoric frames are prominently featured in public discourse. They highlight certain aspects of the target issues they are used to describe, thereby encouraging specific patterns of inference. Our goal was to test whether they would influence memory as well. Building off prior work, we contrasted two metaphors for crime: virus and beast. In a pilot study, we identified specific causes, examples, and solutions to crime that were congruent with each frame (one but not the other; e.g., people thought “drug use” better exemplified a crime virus, whereas “murder” better exemplified a crime beast). Participants (n = 469) read or listened …
Power Dynamics In Conversation : The Role Of Gender, Caitlyn Grubb
Power Dynamics In Conversation : The Role Of Gender, Caitlyn Grubb
Honors Papers
Previous studies have found that men exhibit more “dominance behaviors” (talking longer, interrupting more often) in conversation (Mast, 2002). Much of this work, however, has been conducted with conversation partners who are unfamiliar to each other. Our goal was to test whether the same pattern would emerge in conversations between friends. One possibility is that males are more dominant in conversation in general – both when talking to friends and strangers. A second possibility is that males are only more dominant in conversation when talking with strangers, which is what we predicted. Support for the second possibility would suggest that …
Biophilic Architecture, Connectedness To Nature, And The Importance Of Environmental Issues, Sarah Michelle Kahl
Biophilic Architecture, Connectedness To Nature, And The Importance Of Environmental Issues, Sarah Michelle Kahl
Honors Papers
In today’s world where climate change consequences are apparent, we need to be searching for ways to encourage more pro-environmental behaviors. Connectedness to nature, which is the sense of kinship and sense of community with the natural world, is one factor that has been shown to promote pro-environmental behavior. While architecture types have been tested with states of well-being, they have never been assessed to examine the effects on one’s connectedness to nature. This study used Seeley G. Mudd Center (Mudd) and the Adam Joseph Lewis Center (AJLC) at Oberlin College to determine whether biophilic types of architecture versus architecture …
Perceived Essentialism, Group Relative Deprivation, And Collective Action, Barbara Toizer
Perceived Essentialism, Group Relative Deprivation, And Collective Action, Barbara Toizer
Honors Papers
Group relative deprivation occurs when an individual believes that a group with which they identify has fewer resources than another group. The experience of group relative deprivation often includes feelings of injustice, anger, and resentment. Group relative deprivation may result in inter-group attitude changes, such as increased prejudice, and a willingness to engage in collective action to change the distribution of resources. Despite findings that relative deprivation is a subjective perception of resource distribution, few, if any, studies have investigated if the perceived essentialism of the groups involved in the perceived inequality impact the intensity of group relative deprivation. When …
The Complicated Relationship Between Music And Foreign Language Learning: Nuanced Conditions Required For Cognitive Benefits Due To Music, Talia Greenberg
The Complicated Relationship Between Music And Foreign Language Learning: Nuanced Conditions Required For Cognitive Benefits Due To Music, Talia Greenberg
Honors Papers
Many people enjoy listening to music while they study, but others find music distracting. Research about the effect of music on performance during a cognitive task mirrors the equivocal nature of this subjective debate. Across 3 experiments, music, either in the background or as an active encoding device, was found to have no effect on foreign language learning. In Experiment 1, participants studied foreign language vocabulary in silence, while listening to instrumental music, or while listening to music with lyrics. There was no effect of music on recall at immediate (p = .52) or delayed testing (p = .80). Participants …
Hegemonic Masculinity And Misconceptions Of Gender And Mental Health In Violent Criminality, Mina Dailami
Hegemonic Masculinity And Misconceptions Of Gender And Mental Health In Violent Criminality, Mina Dailami
Honors Papers
The present research investigates how masculine dominance in the criminal justice system is upheld through misleading media representations of violent criminality in women as predicated upon masculine traits or mental illness and masculine Identity Protection Cognition (which demonstrates the how implicit social information influences an individual to make judgments in favor of protecting their own socially dominant group). Responses to an online survey of 413 participants demonstrated that overall participants assumed men to be more likely than women to engage in violent action, and violence in men was judged to be a function of power, whereas violence in women was …
Post-Learning Activities And Memory Consolidation: The Effect Of Physical And Cognitive Activities On Memory Consolidation, Yue Tang
Honors Papers
Memory consolidation is the process during which short-term memory is stabilized and long-term memory is formed. This study aims at investigating how physical and cognitive activities affect memory consolidation during wakefulness. There were four conditions: sit, sit-puzzle, walk and walk-puzzle and a repeated measure, within subject design was adopted. Participants engage in each condition for ten minutes immediately following a learning session, and this process was repeated for four times. Word recall was collected twice, both immediately after engaging in the task, and in the second day. Results revealed that engaging in physical activity alone (walk) led to the best …
The Spatial Properties Of Music Perception: Differences In Visuo-Spatial Performance According To Musicianship And Interference Of Musical Structure, Christa Theresa Vassillière
The Spatial Properties Of Music Perception: Differences In Visuo-Spatial Performance According To Musicianship And Interference Of Musical Structure, Christa Theresa Vassillière
Honors Papers
Spatial cognition has been implicated in the perception and production of music within both behavioral and neurological experimental paradigms. Using performance on mental rotation of a three-dimensional object, the present study examined the visuo-spatial abilities of conservatory and non-conservatory students. Participants performed the rotation task under no distraction followed by performance with an interference task, which consisted of detecting either tempo or pitch changes. Conservatory students performed better on the mental rotation task both with and without interference. Musical structure (Western classical versus Indian classical) and musical aspect (tempo changes and pitch changes) influenced how much interference was produced in …
Letting The Outside In: Connectedness To Nature’S Buffering Effects Against Social Rejection, Case E. Lovell
Letting The Outside In: Connectedness To Nature’S Buffering Effects Against Social Rejection, Case E. Lovell
Honors Papers
Can the need to belong be met in ways other than relationships with other people? This study tested whether connectedness to nature can serve the same function as interpersonal emotional connections in response to interpersonal rejection. Participants (n = 75) either relived an interpersonal rejection experience, or an academic failure. Levels of aggression, negative affect and cognitive deficit, along with their levels of interdependence and connectedness to nature were then measured. Connectedness to nature was found to be activated and elevated in importance by rejected participants who were chronically less emotionally connected to nature. Though connectedness to nature did not …