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Articles 1 - 30 of 483
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Corporate Lobbying And Esg Reports: Patterns Among Us Companies, 1999–2017, Huchen Liu, Sijing Wei, Jiarui Zhang
Corporate Lobbying And Esg Reports: Patterns Among Us Companies, 1999–2017, Huchen Liu, Sijing Wei, Jiarui Zhang
Political Science Faculty Publications
To lobby legislators, it is important for interest groups to signal their ability to help legislators win elections and provide them with policy-relevant information. We explore for-profit companies’ use of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reports as a signaling device to promote their reputation to legislators and convey their ability to provide electoral and policymaking support, which is valuable for lobbying. To this end, we create a panel dataset by combining ESG reports issued by US companies and the same companies’ lobbying and campaign contribution records from 1999 to 2017. We expect companies to issue more ESG reports, as well …
Your Honor’S Misdeeds: The Consequences Of Judicial Scandal On Specific And Diffuse Support, Joshua Boston, Benjamin J. Kassow, Ali S. Masood, David R. Miller
Your Honor’S Misdeeds: The Consequences Of Judicial Scandal On Specific And Diffuse Support, Joshua Boston, Benjamin J. Kassow, Ali S. Masood, David R. Miller
Political Science Faculty Publications
Legitimacy is a bulwark for courts; even when judges engage in controversial or disagreeable behavior, the public tends to acquiesce. Recent studies identify several threats to the legitimacy of courts, including polarization and attacks by political elites. This article contributes to the scholarly discourse by exploring a previously unconsidered threat: scandal, or allegations of personal misbehavior. We argue that scandals can undermine confidence in judges as virtuous arbiters and erode broad public support for the courts. Using survey experiments, we draw on real-world judicial controversies to evaluate the impact of scandal on specific support for judicial actors and their rulings …
Promoting Information And Visual Literacy Skills In Undergraduate Students Using Infographics, Nicole Kalaf-Hughes
Promoting Information And Visual Literacy Skills In Undergraduate Students Using Infographics, Nicole Kalaf-Hughes
Political Science Faculty Publications
Because research and communication proficiency is ubiquitous in the academic and professional world, teaching students the necessary information literacy (IL) and visual literacy (VL) skills has become increasingly important. Integrating IL and VL pedagogy into substantive coursework can enhance students’ comprehension of the material and teach them to make a meaningful contribution to public awareness and understanding of political science. Yet, faculty often find it challenging to include instruction in these skills with necessary coverage of substantive course material. This article discusses the use of an infographic assignment in an introductory American government course as a tool to teach literacy …
Patriotism And Democratic Education, Richard Dagger
Patriotism And Democratic Education, Richard Dagger
Political Science Faculty Publications
Whether patriotism has a valuable part to play in the educational system of a democratic society is now a highly contentious matter. This chapter argues that it does, principally because such a society is a kind of cooperative practice that requires its members to enact, enforce, and – in most cases – obey the laws that govern their self-governing polity. Democracies rely on rules, and especially the rule of law, to provide the reasonably clear expectations necessary to coordinate public activities and to overcome collective-action problems. By encouraging citizens to set aside personal advantage and play a cooperative part in …
The Electoral Connection In Court: How Sentencing Responds To Voter Preferences, Joshua Boston, Bernardo S. Silveira
The Electoral Connection In Court: How Sentencing Responds To Voter Preferences, Joshua Boston, Bernardo S. Silveira
Political Science Faculty Publications
Do elected judges tailor criminal sentences to the electorate’s ideology? Utilizing sentencing data from North Carolina’s Superior Courts—which transitioned from statewide to local elections in 1996—we study whether judges are obliging to voters’ preferences. We find some evidence of responsiveness: judges from liberal districts were more lenient, while those from moderately conservative districts assigned harsher sentences. Judges from increasingly conservative districts did not change their sentencing patterns, which leads to lower re-election rates. These findings suggest that judges adapt their behavior to retain office, or else they are held accountable by the public.
State And Society In The Violation And Promotion Of Human Rights, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann
State And Society In The Violation And Promotion Of Human Rights, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Policy Stringency, Political Conditions, And Public Performances Of Pandemic Control: An International Comparison, Dan Chen, Yong Li, Jiebing Wu
Policy Stringency, Political Conditions, And Public Performances Of Pandemic Control: An International Comparison, Dan Chen, Yong Li, Jiebing Wu
Political Science Faculty Publications
What factors might explain the cross-country variations in COVID-19 public performances and what lessons can be drawn to be better-prepared for future pandemics? This study focuses on the effects of policy stringency on COVID-19 public health outcomes to gain insights into national-level state responses to COVID-19 and the conditions for their effectiveness. Using data from 136 countries comprising 91.4% of the global population, we find that more stringent policies lead to lower infection and death rates. More importantly, the negative effects of restrictive policies on infection and death rates are moderated by political trust and democracy levels, possibly through the …
Political Competition And Judicial Independence: How Courts Fill The Void When Legislatures Are Ineffective, Joshua Boston, David Carlson, J. Brandon Duck-Mayr, Greg Sasso
Political Competition And Judicial Independence: How Courts Fill The Void When Legislatures Are Ineffective, Joshua Boston, David Carlson, J. Brandon Duck-Mayr, Greg Sasso
Political Science Faculty Publications
What effect does political competition have in generating de facto judicial independence? We argue that competition in a legislature can drive increases in de facto judicial independence. Our game-theoretic model reveals that increased competition for seats impedes legislators’ ability to enact their platforms, regardless of government turnover probability, and increased legislative fractionalization also makes court intervention more likely. Utilizing a sample of democratic states, empirical evidence suggests when a country’s legislature is increasingly fractionalized among parties or has increasing seat turnover, we observe increases in de facto independence. This research provides new perspectives on the link between independence and competition.
Populist Nationalism In The Age Of Trump, Vernon D. Johnson, Chelsee Autry
Populist Nationalism In The Age Of Trump, Vernon D. Johnson, Chelsee Autry
Political Science Faculty Publications
This paper builds upon the arguments advanced by Johnson and Frombgen in “Race and the Emergence of Populist Nationalism in the United States” (2009). Johnson and Frombgen made three central arguments: that the US is two nations, not one; that racial attitudes are central to each national identity, and that social movements of a populist character have critically shaped each national identity. They then offered a typology of left and right national identities, each of which had been shaped by populist social movements. This paper seeks to revisit the two nations thesis in the era of Donald Trump on the …
Chinese Celebrities’ Political Signaling On Weibo, Dan Chen, Gengsong Gao
Chinese Celebrities’ Political Signaling On Weibo, Dan Chen, Gengsong Gao
Political Science Faculty Publications
In China, celebrities can dominate public discourse and shape popular culture, but they are under the state’s close gaze. Recent studies have revealed how the state disciplines and co-opts celebrities to promote patriotism, foster traditional values, and spread political propaganda. However, how do celebrities adapt to the changing political environment? Focusing on political signaling on Weibo, we analyze a novel dataset and find that the vast majority of top celebrities repost from official accounts of government agencies and state media outlets, though there are variations. Younger celebrities with more followers tend to repost from official accounts more. Celebrities from Taiwan …
Indian South Africans As A Middleman Minority: Historical And Contemporary Perspectives, Vernon D. Johnson
Indian South Africans As A Middleman Minority: Historical And Contemporary Perspectives, Vernon D. Johnson
Political Science Faculty Publications
Beginning in the 1940s, a literature on middleman minorities emerged to demystify the intermediary economic niche that Jews had occupied in medieval Europe. They were viewed as ethnic entrepreneurs occupying the economic status gap. In the 1960s, scholars began to apply middleman minority theory to colonial societies and to American society. More recently, Coloureds in South Africa have been identified as a middleman minority of another type: semiprivileged proletarians occupying an economic status gap in labour between whites and Africans. A political status gap between whites and Africans, both seeking alliances to achieve hegemony, is also occupied by Coloureds. Among …
A Tough Woman Around Tender Men: Dilma Rousseff, Gendered Double Bind, And Misogynistic Backlash, Farida Jalalzai, Brianna Kreft, Lizbet Martinez-Port, Pedro A. G. Dos Santos, Brigid M. Smith
A Tough Woman Around Tender Men: Dilma Rousseff, Gendered Double Bind, And Misogynistic Backlash, Farida Jalalzai, Brianna Kreft, Lizbet Martinez-Port, Pedro A. G. Dos Santos, Brigid M. Smith
Political Science Faculty Publications
Dilma Rousseff's presidency ended in controversial form. The first woman elected to the position in Brazil, Rousseff's 2016 impeachment was seen as a coup by her supporters and as a necessary step for democracy by her detractors. With the Brazilian economy facing its worst recession in history and the Car Wash corruption scandal ravaging the political class, critics continually raised questions about Rousseff's leadership style and abilities. This article analyzes how this criticism in part can be attributed to gendered subjective understandings of preferred leadership traits. Using a thematic analysis of interviews with political actors in five different Brazilian states …
The Domestic Impact Of International Shaming: Evidence From Climate Change And Human Rights, Faradj Koliev, Douglas D. Page, Jonas Tallberg
The Domestic Impact Of International Shaming: Evidence From Climate Change And Human Rights, Faradj Koliev, Douglas D. Page, Jonas Tallberg
Political Science Faculty Publications
Do international shaming efforts affect citizens’ support for government policies? While it is a frequent claim in the literature that shaming works through domestic politics, we know little about how and when international criticism affects domestic public opinion. We address this question through an originally designed survey experiment in Sweden, which (i) compares the effects of international shaming in two issue areas—human rights and climate change, and (ii) tests whether government responses to criticism moderate the impact of shaming. Our main findings are fourfold. First, we find substantial effects of international shaming on domestic public opinion. These effects hold across …
Gendering Coalitional Presidentialism In Brazil, Malu A. C. Gatto, Pedro A. G. Dos Santos, Kristin N. Wylie
Gendering Coalitional Presidentialism In Brazil, Malu A. C. Gatto, Pedro A. G. Dos Santos, Kristin N. Wylie
Political Science Faculty Publications
Coalitional presidentialism is a power-sharing strategy deployed in multiparty presidentialist democracies that entails the distribution of cabinet positions to coalition partners to facilitate governability. This model of governance is increasingly common worldwide, gaining growing scholarly interest. The consequences of coalitional presidentialism for women’s cabinet representation, however, have received scant attention. In this article, we provide a gendered analysis of the Brazilian experience with coalitional presidentialism. Through the quantitative analysis of an original dataset of all ministerial appointments (N = 597) under eight Brazilian presidents (1985–2019) and a descriptive assessment of the coalitional dynamics during that period, we evaluate the …
Gendered Political Violence As A Legal Framework: An Analysis Of The Brazilian Reality, Adriana Jacob Carneiro, Farida Jalalzai, Pedro A. G. Dos Santos
Gendered Political Violence As A Legal Framework: An Analysis Of The Brazilian Reality, Adriana Jacob Carneiro, Farida Jalalzai, Pedro A. G. Dos Santos
Political Science Faculty Publications
In August of 2021, the Brazilian government sanctioned in the Electoral Code and the Penal Code the typification of violence against women in politics (VAWIP) as a punishable crime. This research provides a critical analysis of the implementation of the 2021 Law n. 14.192 that typifies VAWIP as a crime. To do so we discuss how the law addresses, in theory, the types of VAWIP identified in the extant literature (physical, psychological, sexual, economic, and semiotic). We then discuss Brazil’s VAWIP law contextualizing it within the Brazilian political landscape, regional (as well as global) perspectives on the issue, and comparing …
Review Of Cachita’S Streets: The Virgin Of Charity, Race, And Revolution In Cuba By Jalane D. Schmidt, Gary Prevost
Review Of Cachita’S Streets: The Virgin Of Charity, Race, And Revolution In Cuba By Jalane D. Schmidt, Gary Prevost
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Maximizing Social Equity As A Pillar Of Public Administration: An Examination Of Cannabis Dispensary Licensing In Pennsylvania, A. Lee Hannah, Daniel J. Mallinson, Lauren Azevedo
Maximizing Social Equity As A Pillar Of Public Administration: An Examination Of Cannabis Dispensary Licensing In Pennsylvania, A. Lee Hannah, Daniel J. Mallinson, Lauren Azevedo
Political Science Faculty Publications
Public administration upholds four pillars of an administrative practice: economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and social equity. The question arises, however, how do administrators balance effectiveness and social equity when implementing policy? Can the values contributing to administrative decisions be measured? This study leverages the expansion of medical cannabis programs in the states to interrogate these questions. The awarding of dispensary licenses in Pennsylvania affords the ability to determine the effect of social equity scoring on license award decisions, relative to criteria that represent the other pillars. The results show that safety and business acumen were the most important determining factors in …
For Hemispheric Unity, A Change In U.S. Foreign Policy Is Needed, Brett J. Kyle, Andrew G. Reiter
For Hemispheric Unity, A Change In U.S. Foreign Policy Is Needed, Brett J. Kyle, Andrew G. Reiter
Political Science Faculty Publications
On March 10, President Joe Biden announced that the United States would designate Colombia as a Major Non-NATO Ally. This designation extends special military and economic privileges to Colombia, including participation in joint defense research and training, and the ability to purchase weapons, ammunition, vehicles, and other surplus war material from the United States. This came on the heels of a U.S. delegation traveling to Venezuela for the first time since the United States broke off diplomatic relations and closed its embassy there in 2019. Motivating the U.S. overture is the potential to resume purchasing Venezuelan oil to compensate for …
Facebook Algorithm Changes May Have Amplified Local Republican Parties, Kevin Reuning, Anne Whitesell, A. Lee Hannah
Facebook Algorithm Changes May Have Amplified Local Republican Parties, Kevin Reuning, Anne Whitesell, A. Lee Hannah
Political Science Faculty Publications
In this research note we document changes to the rate of comments, shares, and reactions on local Republican Facebook pages. Near the end of 2018, local Republican parties started to see a much higher degree of interactions on their posts compared to local Democratic parties. We show how this increase in engagement was unique to Facebook and happened across a range of over a thousand local parties. In addition, we use a changepoint model to identify when the change happened and find it lines up with reported information about the change in Facebook’s algorithm in 2018. We conclude that it …
The Partisan Gender Gap: Why Democratic Women Get Elected But Republican Women Don't (Book Review), Shannon Mcqueen
The Partisan Gender Gap: Why Democratic Women Get Elected But Republican Women Don't (Book Review), Shannon Mcqueen
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Why Have Military Courts Become Such As Popular Tool Of Repression?, Brett J. Kyle, Andrew G. Reiter
Why Have Military Courts Become Such As Popular Tool Of Repression?, Brett J. Kyle, Andrew G. Reiter
Political Science Faculty Publications
In November, the Taliban government in Afghanistan announced the establishment of a military tribunal to enforce Sharia law. It will also handle complaints against Taliban police, army, and intelligence units. The developments in Afghanistan are not unique. Military courts have been a key feature of human rights abuses in India, Pakistan, Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, and many other countries. Why are regimes of all types increasingly turning to military courts as a tool of repression?
Spillover Effects Of Quota Or Parity Laws: The Case Of Ecuador Women Mayors, Marcos Fabricio Perez, Santiago Basabe-Serrano
Spillover Effects Of Quota Or Parity Laws: The Case Of Ecuador Women Mayors, Marcos Fabricio Perez, Santiago Basabe-Serrano
Political Science Faculty Publications
Do quota or parity laws designed to improve the representation of women in plurinominal elections have a spillover effect to uninominal elections? We empirically test this theory by analyzing the effects of quota and parity legislations implemented in Ecuador for plurinominal elections on the proportion of women elected as mayors. Through an unpublished database, our results show that after the implementation of such legislation, the probability of a woman being elected as mayor almost doubles (ceteris paribus). We also find evidence that a possible causal chain for the documented spillover effects is the increasing importance of female role models, motivated …
The State, Sandra F. Joireman
The State, Sandra F. Joireman
Political Science Faculty Publications
Anabaptist political theology is uncommon in its perspective on the state and appropriate Christian political behavior. 1 Anabaptism is both a movement and a tendency, with strains present in other Christian traditions. It has always been pluralistic. Varied forms of Ana baptism developed in different areas of Europe during the Reformation and theological descendants of the early Anabaptists have maintained that diversity. Thus, the theological beliefs and their political manifestations discussed here should be viewed as trends within Anabaptism rather than as a pronouncement abont what all Anabaptists have believed. That said, as both a movement and a tendency, Anabaptists …
What We Owe Our Students: The Good Place, Pedagogy, And The Architecture Of Engaged Learning, Shala Mills, Darrell Hamlin
What We Owe Our Students: The Good Place, Pedagogy, And The Architecture Of Engaged Learning, Shala Mills, Darrell Hamlin
Political Science Faculty Publications
Pedagogy is the architecture of a learning environment. The discipline of philosophy has often operated according to a pedagogy of conversation, clarity, and reflection, certainly since the era of Socratic dialogue in the streets of Athens. We argue that The Good Place occupies that space, re-setting this pedagogy as an architecture of learning through entertainment associated with ultimate matters of eternal disposition. A critical character driving conversation, clarity, and reflection across four seasons of the story’s arc is a philosopher – doomed by their own indecisive flaws – who teaches deep understanding of ethical development through a variety of relevant …
On Estimating Personality Traits Of Us Supreme Court Justices, Ryan C. Black, Ryan J. Owens, Justin Wedeking, Patrick C. Wohlfarth
On Estimating Personality Traits Of Us Supreme Court Justices, Ryan C. Black, Ryan J. Owens, Justin Wedeking, Patrick C. Wohlfarth
Political Science Faculty Publications
Psychological scholarship on personality is uniting with political science to redefine existing theories. This is clearly the case with research on judicial behavior and the US Supreme Court. But if this new approach is to survive and thrive, it must employ measures equal to the task. We show that Supreme Court Individual Personality Estimates, which seek to estimate justices’ personalities by examining their concurring opinions, suffer from a number of important methodological deficits that critically limit their usefulness. We briefly discuss what kinds of improved personality measures scholars should use instead and offer an improved set of estimates for one …
The Transgressive Rhetoric Of Standup Comedy In China, Dan Chen, Gengsong Gao
The Transgressive Rhetoric Of Standup Comedy In China, Dan Chen, Gengsong Gao
Political Science Faculty Publications
Public discourse under authoritarian rule is not monolithic. Yet how popular rhetoric engages with the hegemonic rhetoric in the same discursive space remains understudied. This article examines the rhetoric of a standup comedy show in China, streamed online and widely popular among Chinese millennials, to understand how alternative views on social issues can coexist with the hegemonic rhetoric. Using critical discourse analysis, it argues that some standup comedy performances transgress the hegemonic rhetoric of positive energy without outright subversion. Comedians use subversive affirmation, self-deprecation, ambiguity, absurd fantasy, and irony to present alternative viewpoints on social issues of broad interest, such …
Do Americans Perceive Diverse Judges As Inherently Biased, Yoshikuni Ono, Michael A. Zilis
Do Americans Perceive Diverse Judges As Inherently Biased, Yoshikuni Ono, Michael A. Zilis
Political Science Faculty Publications
Although women and minorities hold an increasing share of judgships in the United States, they remain underrepresented. We explore Americans’ perceptions of the bias of women and minority judges – one of the possible challenges to creating a diverse bench. We argue that prejudice against these groups manifests in a subtle way, in the belief that diverse judges cannot fairly adjudicate controversies that involve their ingroup. To test our theory, we use a list experiment specifically developed to minimize social desirability effects. We find that many respondents rate female and Hispanic judges to be biased decision makers. Our results highlight …
Gendered Path Dependency: Women’S Representation In 20th-Century Brazil, Pedro A. G. Dos Santos
Gendered Path Dependency: Women’S Representation In 20th-Century Brazil, Pedro A. G. Dos Santos
Political Science Faculty Publications
This study investigates women’s under-representation in national legislative elections and the gendered legacies embedded in Brazil’s electoral system and party dynamics. Focusing on the historical period prior to the 1996 implementation of a quota law, this article applies a feminist historical institutionalist approach to identify institutions and actors influencing women’s representation. Brazil’s electoral rules for legislative elections, that is, an open-list proportional representation system, remained surprisingly stable throughout periods of regime change and institutional uncertainty in the 20th century. It was not until the return to democracy and the 1986 constituent election that women were able to carve some space …
Presidential Use Of Diversionary Drone Force And Public Support, Scott S. Boddery, Graid G. Klein
Presidential Use Of Diversionary Drone Force And Public Support, Scott S. Boddery, Graid G. Klein
Political Science Faculty Publications
During times of domestic turmoil, the use of force abroad becomes an appealing strategy to US presidents in hopes of diverting attention away from internal conditions and toward a foreign policy success. Weaponized drone technology presents a low cost and potentially high-reward option to embattled presidents. While generally covert operations, drone strikes are frequently reported in the media, making them a viable diversionary tool. To gauge whether drone strikes are in fact capable of diverting the public’s attention, we surveyed 1198 Americans and find that a successful drone strike increases presidential approval despite a weak and sagging economy, and the …
Ascriptive Characteristics And Perceptions Of Impropriety In The Rule Of Law: Race, Gender, And Public Assessments Of Whether Judges Can Be Impartial, Yoshikuni Ono, Michael A. Zilis
Ascriptive Characteristics And Perceptions Of Impropriety In The Rule Of Law: Race, Gender, And Public Assessments Of Whether Judges Can Be Impartial, Yoshikuni Ono, Michael A. Zilis
Political Science Faculty Publications
Perceptions of procedural fairness influence the legitimacy of the law and because procedures are mutable, reforming them can buttress support for the rule of law. Yet legal authorities have recently faced a distinct challenge: accusations of impropriety based on their ascriptive characteristics (e.g., gender, ethnicity). We study the effect of these traits in the context of the U.S. legal system, focusing on the conditions under which citizens perceive female and minority judges as exhibiting impropriety and how this compares with perceptions of their white and male counterparts. We find that Americans use a judge's race and gender to make inferences …