Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Concepts Of Illness Among The Swahili Of Lamu, Kenya, Rebecca Gearhart, Munib Abdulrehman

Rebecca Gearhart

The Quest For Full Text: An In-Depth Examination Of Pubget For Medical Searchers, Robin Featherstone, Denise Hersey

Denise Hersey

This article examines Pubget, a free Web-based search engine for life sciences researchers for conducting searches of the medical literature and retrieving full-text PDFs. Its search functionality and add-on features are evaluated to determine potential for library instruction and promotion. With many libraries relying on OpenURL link resolvers to connect searchers with institutional subscriptions, Pubget offers an alternative by combining search, article-level link resolving, and authentication in a single platform. The authors determine advantages and disadvantages for using Pubget based on product testing and make recommendations for institutions interested in “activating” subscriptions in Pubget.

The Effectiveness Of Educational Interventions In Reducing Negative Attitudes And Stigmatisation Toward Patients With Anorexia Nervosa, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton

Peta B. Stapleton

It is frequently reported that clinicians across a range of professional disciplines experience strong negative reactions toward patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa (AN). As research consistently demonstrates fear of stigma is the most frequently cited reason explaining why individuals with mental illness do not seek treatment, the current study aimed to develop, evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two differing educational interventions, based on an etiological framing model, against a wait-list control. Participants were fourth-year medicine students randomly assigned to one of three conditions. A three-hour educational workshop was delivered to participants at the beginning of an eight-week …

Family Sources Of Educational Gender Inequality In Rural China: A Critical Assessment, Emily Hannum, Peggy Kong, Yuping Zhang

Yuping Zhang

In this paper, we investigate the gender gap in education in rural northwest China. We first discuss parental perceptions of abilities and appropriate roles for girls and boys; parental concerns about old-age support; and parental perceptions of different labor market outcomes for girls' and boys' education. We then investigate gender disparities in investments in children, children's performance at school, and children's subsequent attainment. We analyze a survey of nine to twelve year-old children and their families conducted in rural Gansu Province in the year 2000, along with follow-up information about subsequent educational attainment collected seven years later. We complement our …

Learning Environments' Activity Potential For Preschoolers (Leapp): Study Rationale And Design, Patricia Tucker, Leigh Vanderloo, Courtney Newnham-Kanas, Shauna Burke, Jennifer Irwin, Andrew Johnson, Melissa Van Zandvoort

Trish Tucker

Background. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the study protocol for the Learning Environments’ Activity Potential for Preschoolers (LEAPP) study, the goal of which is to describe the activity levels of preschoolers attending various early learning venues and explore which attributes of these facilities (e.g. curriculum, policies, equipment, etc.) support activity participation. Design and Methods. This cross-sectional study aimed to recruit approximately 30 early learning environments requesting participation from preschoolers aged 2.5-5 years. Data collection included: Actical accelerometers (MiniMitter, Oregon, USA) to measure the activity levels of children for five consecutive days (15-second epoch length) …

Effectiveness Of Physical Activity Interventions For Preschoolers: A Meta-Analysis, Patricia Tucker, Elliott Gordon, Shauna Burke, Albert Carron

Trish Tucker

Purpose: The purpose of the meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on physical activity participation among preschoolers. A secondary purpose was to investigate the influence of several possible moderator variables (e.g., intervention length, location, leadership, type) on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Method: Nine databases were systematically searched for physical activity interventions. Studies were included if they contained statistics necessary to compute an effect size (ES), were written in or translated into English, examined physical activity in preschoolers, incorporated a physical activity intervention, and targeted preschool-aged children. Fifteen studies satisfied these criteria. ESs were calculated using a …

Fibre: Male Participants Not Getting Enough, Rebecca Thorne, Jane O'Shea, Qingsheng Zhang, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Karen Charlton

Qingsheng Zhang

A regular intake of dietary fibre has been associated with a number of health benefits. Consuming a high fibre diet may significantly lower the risk of developing heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes and obesity (Anderson et al, 2009). Foods high in fibre such as fruit, vegetables, legumes and wholegrains are regularly included in diets targeting weight loss as they are low in fat, sugar and salt and contain a number of vitamins and minerals. Participants in trials using healthy background diets may increase their fibre intake in addition to the study variables. The aim of this study was to report …

Start Date May Predict Attrition 6 Months Into A 12mth Dietary Intervention Weight Loss Trial, Jane O'Shea, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Karen Charlton, Yasmine Probst, Rebecca Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Holley Jones

Qingsheng Zhang

Participant recruitment is a difficult and time consuming aspect of clinical trials, often resulting in delays and budget overruns. Having reached recruitment targets the next challenge is participant retention. Some weight-loss studies have attrition rates around 60% which may introduce bias in the results. It may be possible to reduce attrition rates if known predictors can be found but to date few studies produced consistent results. The aim of this exploratory study was to determine whether start date could be a predictor of attrition for participants involved in the SMART weight loss clinical trial (ACTRN12608000425392). Recruitment for the trial occurred …

Pork, Beef And Chicken Have Similar Effects On Acute Satiety And Hormonal Markers Of Appetite, Karen Charlton, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Rebecca Thorne, Jane O'Shea, Qingsheng Zhang, Eleanor Beck

Qingsheng Zhang

The effects of three different meat-containing breakfast meals (pork, beef or chicken) on acute satiety and appetite regulatory hormones were compared using a within-subjects study design. Thirty fasting non-smoking pre-menopausal women attended a research centre on three test days to consume, a meat-containing meal matched in energy (kJ) and protein content, palatability, and appearance. No difference was found between meat groups for either energy intake or macronutrient profile of food consume data subsequent ad libitum buffet lunch, or over the rest of the day. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) ratings for hunger and satiety over an 180min period did not differ between …

Cholesterol-Lowering Effects Of B-Glucan Containing Breakfast Cereals And Snack Bars, Karen Charlton, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Jane O'Shea, Rebecca Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Eleanor Beck

Qingsheng Zhang

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Shauna Shapiro

Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Part Iii, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Lynn Deitrick, Shauna Shapiro

Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Nurse Stress And Burnout, Part Ii: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study, Joanne Cohen-Katz, Susan Wiley, Terry Capuano, Debra Baker, Sharon Kimmel, Shauna Shapiro

Terry A Capuano MBA, MSN, RN, FACHE, NE-BC

No abstract provided.

Relation Of Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure And Long-Term Outcomes In Ambulatory Patients With Chronic Mild To Moderate Heart Failure, Maciej Banach, Vikas Bhatia, Margaret Feller, Marjan Mujib, Ravi Desai, Mustafa Ahmed, Jason Guichard, Inmaculada Aban, Thomas Love, Wilbert Aronow, Michel White, Prakash Deedwania, Gregg Fonarow, Ali Ahmed

Ravi V Desai MD

No abstract provided.

Gender Inequality And Patterns Of Abuse Post Leaving, Lorraine Davies, Marilyn Ford-Gilboe, Joanne Hammerton

Lorraine Davies

Drawing on Connell’s (Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. California: Stanford University Press, 1987; Masculinities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995) model of gender relations, this paper examines patterns of intimate partner violence among women who have recently left an abusive partner. In so doing, we attempt to better understand the social structural factors that shape the relations of power and control in intimate violent heterosexual unions. The data come from the first wave of a longitudinal prospective survey of 309 women who had left an abusive partner in the previous 3 years. Our data suggest …

Modeling The Effects Of Intimate Partner Violence And Access To Resources On Women’S Health In The Early Years After Leaving An Abusive Partner, Marilyn Ford-Gilboe, Judith Wuest, Colleen Varcoe, Lorraine Davies, Marilyn Merritt-Gray, Jacquelyn Campbell, Piotr Wilk

Lorraine Davies

Although the negative health effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) are well documented, little is known about the mechanisms or determinants of health outcomes for women who had left their abusive partners. Using data collected from a community sample of 309 Canadian women who left an abusive partner, we examined whether women's personal, social and economic resources mediate the relationships between the severity of past IPV and current health using structural equation modelling. A good fit was found between the model and data for hypothesized models of mental and physical health. In the mental health model, both the direct and …

Ray Chin's Labyrinth Making Workshop July 13, 2013, Donna Zucker

Donna M. Zucker

July 13 Ray Chin joined the Labyrinth Connection of Western Massachusetts to conduct a day long workshop on Labyrinth making. Our day concluded with the production of a new labyrinth and a special blessing by Ray utilizing a Kyudo demonstration.

Intersectoral And Interagency Partnerships To Investigate Youth Help-Seeking And The Reponses Of At-Risk Young Men To Intervention Services, Coralie Wilson, Frank Deane, Joseph Ciarrochi

Coralie J Wilson

No abstract provided.

Engaging Young People In Mental Health Services: Overcoming Barriers To Appropriate Help-Seeking., Coralie Wilson, Frank Deane

Coralie J Wilson

No abstract provided.

Removal Of Trace Organic Contaminants By Nitrifying Activated Sludge And Whole-Cell And Crude Enzyme Extract Of Trametes Versicolor, Shufan Yang, Faisal Hai, Long Nghiem, Felicity Roddick, William Price

Faisal I Hai

The resistance of certain anthropogenic trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) to conventional wastewater treatment and their potential adverse effects on human and ecological health raise significant concerns and have prompted research on their bioremediation by white-rot fungi. This study compared the removal efficiencies of four widespread TrOCs: carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac (DCF), by nitrifying activated sludge as well as whole-cell and extracellular enzyme (laccase) extract of the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Fungal whole-cell culture removed only BPA and DCF but with high efficiencies (>90%) while the mixed nitrifying culture removed all compounds, although by levels …

The Physically Demanding And Critical Tasks Performed By Permanent And Retained Firefighters, Nigel Taylor, Hugh Fullagar, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller

John Sampson

No abstract provided.

The Physiological And Physical Demands Of Contemporary Fire Fighting: Simulations Performed By Operational Firefighters, Hugh Fullagar, Herbert Groeller, John Sampson, Sean Notley, Simon Burley, Daniel Lee, Nigel Taylor

John Sampson

No abstract provided.

Online Advertising: Examining The Content And Messages Within Websites Targeted At Children, Lisa Kervin, Sandra Jones, Jessica Mantei

Jessica Mantei

It is recognised that from a young age children spend considerable portions of their leisure time on the Internet. In Australia a number of child-targeted magazines have associated websites, which have high and ever-increasing readership. We do not yet know the impact of this medium upon children. Overt advertising is evident on webpages, but so too are hidden advertisements in the written text, images and games. This material usually does not comply with existing broadcasting codes of practice for mainstream advertising. This article examines the instances of overt and covert advertisements for food within three websites monitored over a 12-month …

Heavy Minerals In Modern Sediments Of The Minnamurra Estuary And Shelf Environment, Nsw, Australia, Rabea Haredy, Brian Jones, Adrian Hutton

B. G. Jones

Provenance and sediment distribution have been investigated in the Minnamurra estuary and the adjacent shelf in NSW, Australia. Heavy mineral assemblages in the sand fractions (63-250 f.lm) of 110 surficial sediment samples were assessed using microscopic and microprobe analyses. In addition to the dominant opaque minerals, twelve translucent heavy mineral species were identified. The translucent assemblage is dominated by pyroxene, zircon, tourmaline and hornblende. Statistical cluster analysis of heavy mineral percentages in the surficial sediments revealed the existence of five mineralogical facies: the upper fluvial part of the estuary, the Minnamurra spit and elevated inner sand terrace, the estuary inlet …

The Tectonic Evolution Of A Neo-Tethyan (Eocene-Oligocene) Island-Arc (Walash And Naopurdan Groups) In The Kurdistan Region Of The Northeast Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone, Sarmad Ali, Solomon Buckman, K Aswad, Brian Jones, Sabah Ismail, Allen Nutman

B. G. Jones

The Walash and Naopurdan groups are incorporated into the lower allochthonous thrust sheet in the Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone (IZSZ). 40Ar–39Ar dates on magmatic feldspar separates from both Walash and Naopurdan volcanic rocks indicate an Eocene–Oligocene age (43.01 ± 0.15 to 24.31 ± 0.60 Ma). The Walash and Naopurdan groups form a thrust sheet that is structurally overlain by an upper allochthon of Cretaceous arc-related rocks (106–92 Ma) now known as the Hasanbag igneous complex (formerly known as the Gemo–Qandil Group). The Walash and Naopurdan lower allochthon is thrust over the foreland basin Red Beds series. Volcanic and subvolcanic units …

The Chronostratigraphy Of A Holocene Barrier Estuary: Lake Illawarra Nsw, Craig Sloss, Brian Jones, Colin Murray-Wallace, Charles Mcclennan

B. G. Jones

Valley-fill sequences, preserved in topographic lows associated with incised valley systems, potentially preserve a record of Holocene sea level fluctuations. A detailed litho- and biostratigraphy of the Holocene barrier estuary, Lake Illawarra, New South Wales has been constructed. Forty kilometres of seismic surveys, forty-one vibracores, supplemented by auger drill holes and trenches, and faunal analysis provides the data for this investigation. A detailed chronology of the infilling of the barrier estuary has been established using 115 aspartic acid derived ages and six radiocarbon ages. The results provide a detailed chronology for the deposition of marine transgressive deposits, barrier growth, and …

Trace Metals In Sediments From Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia, Bryan Chenhall, Brian Jones, Craig Sloss, Mark O'Donnell, Marrack Payne, Mark Murrie, David Garnett, Helen Waldron

B. G. Jones

Sediments in Lake Illawarra have been investigated by deep and shallow coring to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the sediment-bound natural (background) and more recent (i.e., industrial era) trace metal concentrations. The distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn in the upper 20 cm of sediment is directly related to the proportion of mud-dominated sediment forming the central floor of the lake. Trace metal enrichment factors for Cu, Pb and Zn were generally less than 2.5 with the exception of the southern portion of Griffins Bay where the factors were greater than 1.8, 3.5 and 5.8 for Cu, Pb and Zn …

Physical Activity At Daycare: Issues, Challenges And Perspectives, Melissa Van Zandvoort, Patricia Tucker, Jennifer Irwin, Shauna Burke

Trish Tucker

This study sought to examine London, Ontario‐based childcare providers’ perspectives of the barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation among preschoolers (i.e. children aged 2.5–5 years) attending daycare. A heterogeneous sample of childcare providers (n = 54; response rate 47%) working at public daycare facilities in London, Ontario participated. Using a qualitative methodology, eight semi‐structured focus groups were conducted between February and March 2009. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive content analysis was used to code and categorize emerging themes. When asked to describe the barriers to engaging preschoolers in physical activity while at daycare, participants discussed …

The Influence Of The Physical Environment And Sociodemographic Characteristics On Children's Mode Of Travel To And From School, Kristian Larsen, Jason Gilliland, Peter Hess, Patricia Tucker, Jennifer Irwin, Meizi He

Trish Tucker

Objectives: We examined whether certain characteristics of the social and physical environment influence a child's mode of travel between home and school. Methods: Students aged 11 to 13 years from 21 schools throughout London, Ontario, answered questions from a travel behavior survey. A geographic information system linked survey responses for 614 students who lived within 1 mile of school to data on social and physical characteristics of environments around the home and school. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the influence of environmental factors on mode of travel (motorized vs "active") to and from school. Results: Over 62% of …

Adolescents' Perspectives Of Home, School And Neighborhood Environmental Influences On Physical Activity And Dietary Behaviors, Patricia Tucker, Jennifer Irwin, Jason Gilliland, Meizi He

Trish Tucker

This investigation sought to gain an understanding of how youth perceive neighborhood environmental influences on their physical activity and eating behaviors. This qualitative study targeted a heterogeneous sample of 12- to 14- year-olds in London, Ontario, Canada. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we conducted nine focus groups (n = 60) and used inductive content analysis to investigate their discussions. Most participants discussed their school, parks, and opportunity structures around their homes as influencing their physical activity, and overwhelmingly reported the availability of fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, and slow-food restaurants in their neighborhoods as influencing their eating practices. The descriptive information …