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Historical, Archaeological, And Geophysical Investigations At Two Proposed Safety Rest Areas, Interstate Highway (Ih) 10, Chambers County, Texas, Jennifer A. Kelly, Richard A. Weinstein, Joanne Ryan, Bryan S. Haley, Jean L. Epperson, Thurston H.G. Hahn Iii

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Personnel from Coastal Environments, Inc. (CEI), Moore Archeological Consulting, Inc. (MAC), and the University of Mississippi conducted archaeological and geophysical investigations at the locations of two proposed safety rest areas on opposite sides of Interstate Highway (IH) 10 in Chambers County, Texas. The research was carried out from late August 2006 until late February 2007, under contract to the Environmental Affairs Division of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). MAC archaeologists had previously examined the two rest area tracts in 2001. Their research indicated that the north tract contained a latenineteenth- through early-twentieth-century cemetery, identified as the Broussard Cemetery site …

Archeological Testing Of The Engstrand Well 41wm1157, In Williamson County, Texas, Bradford Jones, Rachel Feit

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Under TAC Permit 4347 Hicks & Company undertook archival research and National Register eligibility archeological testing of a historic limestone well (Site 41WM1157) in the US 79 right-of-way in Williamson County, Texas under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 4347. The project was sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), for regulatory and management purposes under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the Antiquities Code of Texas (13 TAC 26). Archival research was conducted in order to establish the history of ownership and land use for the property. Research revealed that the well was likely built during …

Significance Testing Of Site 41km225, Kimble County, Texas, Mindy Bonine, Michael Chavez, Laura Acuña

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted significance testing excavations at site 41KM225, Kimble County, Texas, on behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The tested portion of the site is in TxDOT’s right-of-way (ROW) of Farm-to-Market (FM) 2169 on the northern bank of Johnson Fork, a tributary of the Llano River. SWCA performed the investigations under General Services Contract No. 575XXSA007, Work Authorization No. 575 20 SA007, and Texas Antiquities Permit 4183. The final report was written under Work Authorization No. 575 25 SA007.

In the course of the investigations, SWCA conducted shovel testing, hand excavations, special sampling, and other …

Historic Caddo Archaeology: An Occasional Meeting Of The East Texas Caddo Research Group, December 2-3, 2006, In Nacogdoches Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The articles in this issue of the Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology had their origins in a meeting held in December 2006 of the East Texas Caddo Research Group (ETCRG). The meeting of archaeologists was held on December 2 and 3, 2006 at the Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture on the campus of Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas.

The ETCRG is an informal group of individuals interested in advancing the general understanding of Caddo archaeology in the East Texas region, and we have attempted to do this by convening meetings at various times to discuss …

Sites In Northern Louisiana With Major Collections Of Historic Caddo And Other Native American Pottery, Jeffery S. Girard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological sites in northern Louisiana that date to the 18th and 19th centuries which have yielded significant amounts of Native American pottery are plotted on the accompanying map, and briefly summarized below. A common feature of ceramic collections from these sites is the prevalence of shell temper, a trait that is rare prior to the late 17th century in the region. The earliest contexts probably date from the late 17th to the early 18th centuries and include utilitarian types that were common during the Late Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1500-1700). By the middle 18th century, these types apparently were no …

Points Of Discussion And Directions For Research On Caddo Historic Archaeology, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

I start with the premise that there are considerable gaps remaining in our basic knowledge of the Caddo historic archaeological record for the period from ca. 1670-1850 in East Texas. The period between ca. A.D. 1542-1670 is better known archaeologically, thanks in large measure to some significant work at Late Caddo sites along the Red River, along Big Cypress Creek, and in the Neches-Angelina River basins, but there are considerable gaps there as well in what we think we know about the life and times of the Caddo in the 16th and 17th centuries, especially on the role Europeans may …

Cultural Diversity In The Southern Caddo Region, James E. Corbin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The earliest expression of Caddo culture in the southern portion of the Southern Caddo region is well known. That Alto phase Caddo culture had any effect on coeval societies and the subsequent cultural development in the area cannot be demonstrated. What happened after ca. A.D. 1100 has been much discussed, but the realities of that subsequent cultural development are unknown. It can be argued that what followed was a part of a larger cultural phenomenon of regionalization of societies within the broader Caddoan area. Some researchers have argued that. at least in the extreme southern portion of the Caddo area, …

American Indian Pottery From Historic Period Sites In North Louisiana, Hiram F. Gregory, George Avery

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The following is a revised version of a presentation given at the annual meeting of the Louisiana Archaeological Society (LAS) held in Monroe, Louisiana, on March 4, 2006. The goal of the LAS presentation was to simply show photographs and illustrations of American Indian pottery that dates to the historic period in North Louisiana. Most of the photographs and illustrations are from a manuscript written by H.F. "Pete" Gregory entitled Los Adaes (16NAJ6) American Indian Ceramics. This manuscript was compiled by George A very as part of the Los Adaes Station Archaeology Program, funded entirely by the Louisiana Division of …

Documentation Of A Collection Of Archaeological Materials From The Millsey Williamson Site (41rk3), A Historic Nadaco Caddo Settlement, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Millsey Williamson site (41RK3) is a well known historic 18th century Nadaco Caddo site on Martin Creek in Rusk County, Texas. It is one of a number of 18th and early 19th century Kinsloe phase sites in the middle Sabine River basin apparently affiliated with the Nadaco Caddo settlement of the region.

An unknown number of historic Nadaco Caddo burials have been excavated at the site over the years, especially along the western part of the terrace landform above Martin Creek, now marked by the Martin Lake shoreline. There has been intensive collecting activities at Millsey Williamson since Martin …

Kinsloe Focus Artifact Assemblages And Nadaco Caddo, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Kinsloe focus (now phase) was defined by Jones on the basis of seven sites in Gregg, Harrison, and Rusk counties in East Texas, in the middle reaches of the Sabine River basin. These sites are Ware Acres (41GG31), Kinsloe (4IGG3), Susie Slade (4IHSI3), Brown I (4IHS26I), C. D. Marsh (4IHS269), Millsey Williamson (4IRK3), and Cherokee Lake (41RK132). As currently understood, these historic Caddo sites were most likely occupied by Nadaco Caddo people between ca. A.D. 1680-1800.

For our purposes here, my interest is in compiling in one place the characteristic material culture items found in the known Kinsloe phase …

Recent Research On The Archaeological And Historical Evidence Of The Hasanai, Paul S. Marceaux

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article was assembled using information collected for my dissertation proposal. The Allen Phase Caddo sites and other aboriginal Historic sites of interest are located in the upper Neches and Angelina River basins in East Texas, and were identified from various sources in the archaeological literature . In addition, regional archaeologists and a vocational archaeologists, including several participants of the East Texas Caddo Research Group 2006 meeting, provided information and helped in the process of vetting sites.

My dissertation will examine the archival and archaeological records in hopes of identifying the archaeological correlates of Hasinai Caddo groups in East Texas. …

Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramics, An Attempt At An Updated Seriation And A Context For Understnading Frankston To Allen Phase Ceramic Stylistic And Technological Changes, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Table 1 provides comparative sherd assemblage data from Lake Palestine sites on the Neches River, 41HE139 west of Lake Palestine, 41AN38 south of Lake Palestine, as well as the Kah-hah-kowha site (41CE354) to the northeast of the lake. This site has an Allen phase component. The Lake Palestine sites include Debro (41CE86), William Sherman (41CE30), Forest Drive (41HE184), Halbert, Woldert (41HE80), Ferguson, Tomato Patch (41HE185), Mitchell (41HE22), and White Mule (41HE166).

Late Titus Phase Sites Along Caney Creek In Northern Wood County, Texas, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

There are a number of seemingly late Titus phase (ca. after A.D. 1670) Caddo sites clustered on the middle to upper reaches of Caney Creek in northern Wood County. This is based on a large collection of grave goods amassed by a collector in the 1960s from Caddo sites in this area. No European goods were reported from any of the sites but several of the vessel types have been shown to often occur in association with a few European trade goods at other published Caddo sites. There are examples in the collection of Ripley Engraved carinated bowls with inverted …

Seriation Proposed By Kleinschmidt (1982: Table 19) Of Allen Phase And Frankston Phase Sites In The Upper Neches River, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Kleinschmidt reviewed sherd and vessel collections from a number of Frankston phase (ca. A.D. 1400-1650) and Allen phase (ca. A.D. 1650-1800+) sites in the upper Neches River basin (Anderson, Cherokee, Henderson, and Smith counties) and developed a ceramic frequency seriation of those sites more than 25 years ago. That seriation is still useful today, or at least I find it so, because it does seem to provide a good measure of temporal changes in the kinds of decorated ceramic vessels used by these Caddo peoples, as well as a good measure of the direction of changes in ceramic decorative styles.

The Shreveport Caddo, 1835-1838, Jim Tiller

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Period records, such as the reports of Many, Bonnell and Riley, clearly make reference to at least four Caddo villages located between the Red River and the United States-Mexico/Texas boundary in the mid-1830s. In the early 1990s, one of these sites, Timber Hill, was located just to the west of Jim's Bayou in Marion County. In this article I will discuss the location and demise of at least four and possible five additional 1830s-era villages located south of Caddo Lake. In the interest of preserving the sites mentioned, the specific locations of the villages discussed in this article are approximate.

Inverted Rim Engraved Vessels In Protohistoric And Early Historic Caddo Sites In Parts Of Northeast Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A distinctive vessel form makes its appearance in protohistoric and early historic Caddo sites in the upper Sabine and Sulphur river basins, and on the middle reaches of the Red River basin. This form is an inverted rim bowl and carinated bowl with engraved decorations, and these vessels arc frequently red-slipped or have red pigment smeared in the engraved lines.

The best known of these inverted rim engraved vessels is Womack Engraved. Womack Engraved vessels are decomted on the rim with a variety of engraved motifs, including cross-hatched pendant triangles and for our purposes here negative meandering scrolls. These negative …

The Gum Creek Cluster: Protohistoric Caddo Sites In The Little Cypress Creek Basin, Ca. 1670-1720, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Gum Creek cluster represents a group of contemporaneous Caddo sites in the Little Cypress Creek basin of East Texas that were apparently occupied between ca. A.D. 1670-1720. These sites are closely affiliated with the Titus phase and may represent some of the very latest occupied Titus phase settlements in the Cypress Creek basin.

The Gum Creek cluster Caddo sites were excavated by Buddy Calvin Jones in the 1950s and 1960s, but were never reported by him during his lifetime. After his death, his vessel collection and other artifacts were documented by Perttula, with the able assistance of Bo Nelson …

Abstracts Of Papers For The 14th Annual East Texas Archeological Conference, February 10, 2007, George Avery

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A summary of the analysis of lithics at Los Adaes (16NA16) is presented. Aside from a small number of Late Paleoindian/Early Archaic diagnostics, all stone artifacts recovered at Los Adaes (16NA16) date to the colonial period or later. Colonial stone artifacts include gunflints, probable strike-a-lights, and ground stone fragments, mostly mano fragments. Most of the gunflints appear to be French, while most of the strike-a-light flint appear to be from Central Texas chert. The local gravel cherts do not appear to have been used as either gunflints or strike-a-light flints. The mano fragments are mostly of basalt, which was brought …

A Survey Of Historic Caddo Sites In Nacogdoches County, Texas, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This review was originally prepared for presentation to the East Texas Caddo Research Group held in Nacogdoches, Texas on December 2 and 3, 2006. The primary purpose of this article is to summarize the archaeological resources currently known relating to the Historic Caddo period of Nacogdoches County. No attempt is made here to provide analysis of the data or to draw synthetic conclusions. The author's hope is that this survey will be helpful to workers in this area of inquiry by speeding access to available resources and exposing possible research problems.

Documentation Of A Native American Church Altar In Caddo County, Oklahoma, Robert Cast

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

What little research that has been done in Caddo County, Oklahoma (and elsewhere) with Caddo Native American Church altars or "fireplace" locations show that there is a desperate need to document and record these locations for future generations. However, even with the paucity of this research, it is feasible to suggest that these ceremonial altars, their stylistic differences, and the passing of this religion to future generations of traditional practitioners have had a very long history.

Others have discussed the ceremonial uses of fire, structures, objects, and mounds in the archaeological record, yet have not addressed the appearance and importance …

Archaeological Inventory Of 216 Acres Of Martindale Army Aviation Support Facility, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Cynthia Moore Munoz

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the fall of 2006 (October 24 through November 3, 2006), the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an archaeological inventory of the Army National Guard Martindale Army Aviation Support Facility (AASF) located in Bexar County, Texas for the Adjutant General’s Office. No plans for construction on the facility are proposed.

The work was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4272, with Dr. Raymond Mauldin, CAR Assistant Director, serving as Principal Investigator and Cynthia Moore Munoz serving as the Project Archaeologist. The inventory consisted of a 100 percent pedestrian survey accompanied by …

Additional Phase Ii Testing At 41bx323 In Brackenridge Park, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Jon J. Dowling

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio (CAR-UTSA) conducted eligibility testing on the southeast portion of 41BX323, Bexar County, Texas from September 6 to September 14, 2007. CAR was contracted by Lake/Flato Architects to conduct eligibility testing on a previously uninvestigated portion of site 41BX323. Lake/Flato Architects have been contracted by the City of San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department for the construction of a proposed parking garage facility. The proposed improvements will be impacting the southeastern portions of State Archaeological Landmark (SAL) site 41BX323. The primary goal of the excavations was to determine …

San Antonio Mission Trails Statewide Transportation Enhancement Project Volume Ii Construction Packages 2 And 3: Archaeological Testing And Monitoring Construction Of The Mission Trails Hike And Bike Trails, City Of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Barbara A. Meissner, I. Waynne Cox, Jason D. Weston, Bruce K. Moses

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Beginning in October 1998, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) provided archival research and archaeological services to the City of San Antonio and the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) as part of the Mission Trails Statewide Transportation Enhancement Project. The project was intended to create a hike and bike trail system connecting the five Spanish missions in San Antonio. The trail should provide easier access to the missions for visitors, allow easier access to pleasant places to walk and cycle, and greatly improve the condition of some of the city streets. …

Intensive Linear Pedestrian Survey Of Callaghan Road Between Ingram And Bandera Roads And Along Zarzamora Creek, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Jennifer L. Thompson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

November 15 and 16, 2006, The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an intensive survey of 3.5 miles of Callaghan Road between Ingram and Bandera Roads and along Zarzamora Creek in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The City of San Antonio is planning to widen this section of Callaghan Road and to re-channelize Zarzamora Creek north of Callaghan Road to alleviate flooding in the area. The intensive linear survey was conducted under the Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4320 with Steve A. Tomka serving as Principal Investigator and Jennifer L Thompson as Project Archeologist. …

Intensive Pedestrian Survey Associated With The Enclave Gardens Development Project, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Jennifer L. Thompson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On May 16, 2007, the Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an archaeological survey of six acres on the Enclave Garden property located in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The archaeological work was completed for Enclave Gardens, Ltd., in cooperation with Hogan Real Estate Services who planned the construction of a housing development project on the property. Because Olmos Creek runs along the southern property boundary, the City Historic Preservation Office in San Antonio recommended archaeological investigations prior to construction in accordance with the San Antonio Uniform Development Code. There are no federal …

Archaeological Survey Of The Post-Oak Savannah Restoration Project: Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area, Anderson County, Texas, Jon J. Dowling

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between May 31-June 7, 2007, personnel from UTSA’s Center for Archaeological Research conducted an archaeological survey of approximately 152 acres along two boundary corridors, 17 newly proposed roads and 58 staging areas for the upcoming 2,800-acre Post-Oak Savannah Restoration Project (POSRP) at Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area (GEWMA), Anderson County, Texas. The project area is located about four miles north of Bethel, Texas, 4.5 miles northeast of Cayuga, and about 18.5 miles northwest of Palestine, Texas. Various restoration activities are proposed to take place within specifically designated areas in the northwest quadrant of the Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area. The …

Spanish Colonial Documents Pertaining To Mission Santa Cruz De San Saba (41mn23), Menard County, Texas, Mariah F. Wade, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Douglas K. Boyd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is widening a 5-mile-long section of FM 2092 west of Menard in Menard County, Texas. The highway passes immediately south of the site of the Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá (41MN23). Built in 1757 and destroyed in 1758, the mission is a time capsule of Spanish colonial archeology in the northern frontier of New Spain, along with the related Presidio de las Amarillas (41MN1, popularly known as Presidio San Sabá), which was occupied from 1757 to 1768. The presidio location has long been known, but researchers did not rediscover the mission site until …

National Register Testing At 41lt307, On Cr 153 At The Navasota River, Limestone County, Texas, Timothy B. Griffith, Ross C. Fields

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological test excavations at 41LT307 were completed by Prewitt and Associates, Inc., in 2005 in conjunction with Texas Department of Transportation road improvements on County Road 153 in northwestern Limestone County. The site is situated on the active floodplain in Holocene alluvium adjacent to the Navasota River. Excavations revealed sparse lithic artifacts and no cultural features. No organic remains were recovered, and the age of the cultural occupation is unknown. The portion of 41LT307 inside the new right of way is considered ineligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or designation as a State Archeological Landmark. All …

Archeological Investigations And National Register Testing At 41cv1636, Coryell County, Texas, John E. Dockall, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), conducted archeological testing of 41CV1636 for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Environmental Affairs Division, under Contract No. 575XXSA006 (Work Authorization No. 57530SA006) and Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3980 from the Texas Historical Commission. Site 41CV1636 is situated in northwestern Coryell County, approximately 13 km east of Evant, Texas. The site was located during an archeological survey for a proposed roadway widening project along U.S. Highway 84. Proposed design plans required an additional 5 m of new right of way that would directly impact 41CV1636. Site 41CV1636 is a prehistoric site buried in Holocene alluvium …

The Homestead Of James Taylor White Ii: Historical, Archaeological, And Geophysical Investigations At Two Proposed Safety Rest Areas, Interstate Highway (Ih) 10, Chambers County, Texas, Jennifer A. Kelly, Richard A. Weinstein, Joanne Ryan, Bryan S. Haley

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Personnel from Coastal Environments, Inc. (CEI), Moore Archeological Consulting, Inc. (MAC), and the University of Mississippi conducted archaeological and geophysical investigations at the locations of two proposed safety rest areas on opposite sides of Interstate Highway (IH) 10 in Chambers County, Texas. The research was carried out from late August 2006 until late February 2007, under contract to the Environmental Affairs Division of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). MAC archaeologists had previously examined the two rest area tracts in 2001. Their research indicated that the north tract contained a late-nineteenth- through early-twentieth-century cemetery, identified as the Broussard Cemetery site …