Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Physics Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 32221 - 32250 of 35384

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Defect Structure, Nonstoichiometry, And Phase Stability Of Ca-Doped Ycro3, G. F. Carini, Harlan U. Anderson, M. M. Nasrallah, Don M. Sparlin Jan 1991

Defect Structure, Nonstoichiometry, And Phase Stability Of Ca-Doped Ycro3, G. F. Carini, Harlan U. Anderson, M. M. Nasrallah, Don M. Sparlin

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dependence of the defect structure of Ca-doped YCrO3 on oxygen activity and temperature was investigated by high temperature thermogravimetric measurements. Defect models developed from electrical conductivity data obtained in a previous study were used to interpret the thermogravimetric data. A correlation was found between the electrical conductivity and the thermogravimetric data which suggested that these data were concomitantly dependent on the acceptor dopant and oxygen vacancy dependance of the thermodynamic parameters. Kröger-Vink type diagrams showing the regions of stability with respect to oxygen activity and temperature were constructed. The TGA data show that Ca-doped YCrO3 is even …


Feq⁺+ H, H2and He Electron Loss And He2++ H(N = 1, 2) Electron Capture Cross Sections: Processes Of Interest In Fusion Plasmas, D. R. Schultz, L. Meng, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson Jan 1991

Feq⁺+ H, H2and He Electron Loss And He2++ H(N = 1, 2) Electron Capture Cross Sections: Processes Of Interest In Fusion Plasmas, D. R. Schultz, L. Meng, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cross sections have been calculated utilizing the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method for collisional processes of special interest to plasma fusion research. Specifically, H1H2and He total electron loss cross sections for the impact by Feq+(1 < q < 26) impurity ions, in the energy range of 50 to 500keV/u, are presented. These results illustrate a clear departure for low charge states (q < 10) from scaling of the cross section with projectile charge (q). Further, cross sections for electron capture from both the ground and n = 2 states of H by 30 to lOOkeV/u He2+impact are tabulated as function of final n-level, yielding information for neutral beam heating models. © 1991 IOP Publishing Ltd.


Raman Scattering And Lattice-Dynamical Calculations Of Alkali-Metal Sulfates, D. Liu, H. M. Lu, John R. Hardy, F. G. Ullman Jan 1991

Raman Scattering And Lattice-Dynamical Calculations Of Alkali-Metal Sulfates, D. Liu, H. M. Lu, John R. Hardy, F. G. Ullman

John R. Hardy Papers

Raman-scattering measurements on single crystals of K2SO4, Rb2SO4, and Cs2SO4 have been made at both room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Lattice-dynamical calculations, based on a rigid-ion model using the Gordon-Kim method to calculate the short-range potentials, were performed. The influence of the alkali-metal ions on the lattice-dynamical properties of the crystals is discussed.


First-Principles Study Of Phase Transitions In Kno3, H. M. Lu, John R. Hardy Jan 1991

First-Principles Study Of Phase Transitions In Kno3, H. M. Lu, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

We report a first-principles simulation study of phase transitions in KNO3, using our recently developed method for treating ionic molecular solids. With the interionic potentials calculated from ab initio electron charge densities of the ions, our structural static relaxation gave close fits to both the normal room-temperature (α-phase) and the ferroelectric (γ-phase) structures. Our supercell molecular-dynamics calculations closely simulated the transitions from the α phase and γ phase to the high-temperature disordered β phase, and successfully reproduced the abnormally large c-axis thermal expansion observed in experiment. Both transitions were found to be initiated by the rotations of the …


First-Principles Study Of The Lattice Dynamics Of K2So4, D. Liu, H. M. Lu, F. G. Ullman, John R. Hardy Jan 1991

First-Principles Study Of The Lattice Dynamics Of K2So4, D. Liu, H. M. Lu, F. G. Ullman, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

Using a newly developed first-principles approach to simulations of ionic molecular crystals, we performed static relaxation, molecular-dynamics simulation, and lattice-dynamics calculations, and measurements of the Raman spectrum, for the Pnam structure of K2SO4. It was found that the structure does not have the zone-center instability present in isomorphous K2SeO42 found in an earlier study. This difference between the two systems is attributed to the different charge distributions in the molecular ions. The calculated Raman-active zone-center frequencies for the Pnam structure of K2SO4 were found to be in general agreement with …


Optical Property Measurements In Turbid Media Using Frequency Domain Photon Migration, Bruce J. Tromberg, Lars O. Svaasand, Tsong-Tseh Tsay, Richard C. Haskell, Michael W. Berns Jan 1991

Optical Property Measurements In Turbid Media Using Frequency Domain Photon Migration, Bruce J. Tromberg, Lars O. Svaasand, Tsong-Tseh Tsay, Richard C. Haskell, Michael W. Berns

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

In frequency domain photon migration (FDPM), amplitude-modulated light is launched into a turbid medium, e.g. tissue, which results in the propagation of density waves of diffuse photons. Variations in the optical properties of the medium perturb the phase velocity and amplitude of the diffusing waves. These parameters can be determined by measuring the phase delay and demodulation amplitude of the waves with respect to the source. More specifically, the damped spherical wave solutions to the homogeneous form of the diffusion equation yield expressions for phase (φ) and demodulation (m) as a function of source distance, modulation frequency, absorption coefficient (β), …


Modulated, Frequency-Locked, And Chaotic Cross-Waves, William B. Underhill, Seth Lichter, Andrew J. Bernoff Jan 1991

Modulated, Frequency-Locked, And Chaotic Cross-Waves, William B. Underhill, Seth Lichter, Andrew J. Bernoff

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Measurements were made of the wave height of periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic parametrically forced cross-waves in a long rectangular channel. In general, three frequencies (and their harmonics) may be observed: the subharmonic frequency and two slow temporal modulations — a one-mode instability associated with streamwise variation and a sloshing motion associated with spanwise variation. Their interaction, as forcing frequency, f, and forcing amplitude, a, were varied, produced a pattern of Arnold tongues in which two or three frequencies were locked. The overall picture of frequency-locked and -unlocked regions is explained in terms of the Arnold tongues predicted by …


Photodetachment Of Hydride Ion In Perpendicular Electric And Magnetic Fields, Aaron David Peters Jan 1991

Photodetachment Of Hydride Ion In Perpendicular Electric And Magnetic Fields, Aaron David Peters

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A simple analytic formula for the photodetachment cross section of H$\sp{-}$ in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields is obtained. Oscillations in the spectrum are predicted by the formula, and these oscillations are correlated with closed classical orbits. We point out that the quantum mechanical derivation, using a stationary phase approximation, is in complete agreement with the three-dimensional semiclassical solution to the problem.


Parametric Instability Of Supersonic Shear Layers Induced By Periodic Mach Waves, Fang Q. Hu, Christopher K. W. Tam Jan 1991

Parametric Instability Of Supersonic Shear Layers Induced By Periodic Mach Waves, Fang Q. Hu, Christopher K. W. Tam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

It is suggested that parametric instability can be induced in a confined supersonic shear layer by the use of a periodic Mach wave system generated by a wavy wall. The existence of such an instability solution is demonstrated computationally by solving the Floquet system of equations. The solution is constructed by means of a Fourier-Chebyshev expansion. Numerical convergence is assured by using a very large number of Fourier and Chebyshev basis functions. The computed growth rate of the induced flow instability is found to vary linearly with the amplitude of the mach waves when the amplitude is not excessively large. …


Cellular Track Model Of Biological Damage To Mammalian Cell Cultures From Galactic Cosmic Rays, Francis A. Cucinotta, Robert Katz, John W. Wilson, Lawrence W. Townsend, John E. Nealy, Judy L. Shinn Jan 1991

Cellular Track Model Of Biological Damage To Mammalian Cell Cultures From Galactic Cosmic Rays, Francis A. Cucinotta, Robert Katz, John W. Wilson, Lawrence W. Townsend, John E. Nealy, Judy L. Shinn

Robert Katz Publications

The quality factor (QF) as defined in International Commission on Radiological Protection report no. 26 (ICRP 26, ref. 1) or in International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements report no. 40 (ICRU 40, ref. 2) is not expected to be a valid method for assessing the biological risk for deep space missions where the high-energy heavy ion (HZE) particles of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are of major concern. No human data for cancer induction from the HZE particles exist, and information on biological effectiveness is expected to be taken from experiments with animals and cultured cells (ref. 3). Experiments …


Radial Distribution Of Dose, Robert Katz, Matesh N. Varma Jan 1991

Radial Distribution Of Dose, Robert Katz, Matesh N. Varma

Robert Katz Publications

The radial distribution of dose about the path of a heavy ion, principally from delta rays, is one of the central contributions of atomic physics to the systematization of high LET radiation effects in condensed matter, whether the detection arises in chemical, physical, or biological systems. In addition to the radial distribution of dose, we require knowledge of the response of the system to X-rays or gamma-rays or to beams of energetic electrons such that the electron slowing-down spectra from these radiations can approximate the slowing-down spectra from delta rays even at different radial distances from the ion's path. A …


Nonlinear-Interaction Of A Detonation Vorticity Wave, D. G. Lasseigne, T. L. Jackson, M. Y. Hussaini Jan 1991

Nonlinear-Interaction Of A Detonation Vorticity Wave, D. G. Lasseigne, T. L. Jackson, M. Y. Hussaini

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

The interaction of an oblique, overdriven detonation wave with a vorticity disturbance is investigated by a direct two-dimensional numerical simulation using a multidomain, finite-difference solution of the compressible Euler equations. The results are compared to those of linear theory, which predict that the effect of exothermicity on the interaction is relatively small except possibly near a critical angle where linear theory no longer holds. It is found that the steady-state computational results whenever obtained in this study agree with the results of linear theory. However, for cases with incident angle near the critical angle, moderate disturbance amplitudes, and/or sudden transient …


K-Shell Ionization Measurements For Light Incident Icons, Rahul Mehta, George Bissinger Jan 1991

K-Shell Ionization Measurements For Light Incident Icons, Rahul Mehta, George Bissinger

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The ionization of the K-shell in targets of copper, silver, dysprosium and gold was investigated with incident ion beams of proton and helium ions in the range 0.5 MeV/u to 3 MeV/u. The x-rays were detected by a HpGe detector. K-shell x-ray production cross section were determined by normalization of the x-ray yield to the incident beam flux, the Rutherford-scattered ions and the nuclear-Coulomb excited gamma ray yield. The multiple normalization procedures minimize the errors in these cross section measurements. The data are compared with the predictions of the ECPSSR theory for K-shell ionization. The atomic number dependence of these …


Lightning: A Complex Natural Phenomenon That Defies Simple Analysis, Mostafa Hemmati Jan 1991

Lightning: A Complex Natural Phenomenon That Defies Simple Analysis, Mostafa Hemmati

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


A Deformation Theory Of Self-Dual Einstein Spaces, Charles G. Torre Jan 1991

A Deformation Theory Of Self-Dual Einstein Spaces, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

The self-dual Einstein equations on a compact Riemannian 4-manifold can be expressed as a quadratic condition on the curvature of an $SU(2)$ (spin) connection which is a covariant generalization of the self-dual Yang-Mills equations. Local properties of the moduli space of self-dual Einstein connections are described in the context of an elliptic complex which arises in the linearization of the quadratic equations on the $SU(2)$ curvature. In particular, it is shown that the moduli space is discrete when the cosmological constant is positive; when the cosmological constant is negative the moduli space can be a manifold the dimension of which …


Harmonic Gauge In Canonical Gravity, K. V. Kuchal, Charles G. Torre Jan 1991

Harmonic Gauge In Canonical Gravity, K. V. Kuchal, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

The Isham-Kuchař representation theory of the spacetime diffeomorphism group in canonical geometrodynamics is implemented in the context of harmonic coordinate conditions. The representation is carried by either an extended phase space, consisting of the cotangent bundle over the space of three-metrics, spacelike embeddings, and Lagrange multipliers which serve to enforce the harmonic gauge in the action, or by a reduced space in which the multipliers are eliminated. The approach used here is applicable to any generally covariant theory and to any coordinate conditions. The physical interpretation of the diffeomorphism Hamiltonians is discussed and compared with the analogous interpretation given by …


Gaussian Reference Fluid And Interpretation Of Quantum Geometrodynamics, Karel Kucha, Charles G. Torre Jan 1991

Gaussian Reference Fluid And Interpretation Of Quantum Geometrodynamics, Karel Kucha, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

The Wheeler-DeWitt equation of vacuum geometrodynamics is turned into a Schrödinger equation by imposing the normal Gaussian coordinate conditions with Lagrange multipliers and then restoring the coordinate invariance of the action by parametrization. This procedure corresponds to coupling the gravitational field to a reference fluid. The source appearing in the Einstein law of gravitation has the structure of a heat-conducting dust. When one imposes only the Gaussian time condition but not the Gaussian frame conditions, the heat flow vanishes and the dust becomes incoherent. The canonical description of the fluid uses the Gaussian coordinates and their conjugate momenta as the …


Field-Aligned Current Associated With A Distorted Two-Cell Convection Pattern During Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Lie Zhu, Robert W. Schunk, Jan Josef Sojka Jan 1991

Field-Aligned Current Associated With A Distorted Two-Cell Convection Pattern During Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Lie Zhu, Robert W. Schunk, Jan Josef Sojka

All Physics Faculty Publications

A systematic study of the influence of the ionospheric conductance on the field-aligned current associated with a distorted two-cell convection pattern during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has been conducted. Our modeling results indicate that the NBZ current can be associated with the distorted two-cell convection for most of the ionospheric conductivity conditions. It is shown that the conductivity conditions related to the seasonal variation and the aurora activity can significantly influence the basic features of the field-aligned current associated with a distorted two-cell convection pattern. It is found that the increase of the field-aligned current in the polar cap …


Ionospheric Physics, Jan Josef Sojka Jan 1991

Ionospheric Physics, Jan Josef Sojka

All Physics Faculty Publications

The author has taken a parochial view of the subject matter
under the title of ionospheric physics. Physics is used as the
key to separating this section of the aeronomy review from the
other aeronomy reports. Specifically, work categorized as
chemistry, optical emissions, and thermosphere will not be
reviewed in this section. However, coupling to the
thermosphere and more specifically to the magnetosphere is
considered. A brief section is also included on active
experiments which is a productive area in plasma physics and
also to some extent in ionospheric physics, but one that has
fallen on hard times with regard …


Revised Global Model Of Thermosphere Winds Using Satellite And Ground-Based Observations, A E. Hedin, M A. Biondi, R G. Burnside, G Hernandez, R M. Johnson, T L. Killeen, C Mazaudier, J W. Meriwether, J E. Salah, R W. Smith, N W. Spencer, Vincent B. Wickwar, T S. Virdi Jan 1991

Revised Global Model Of Thermosphere Winds Using Satellite And Ground-Based Observations, A E. Hedin, M A. Biondi, R G. Burnside, G Hernandez, R M. Johnson, T L. Killeen, C Mazaudier, J W. Meriwether, J E. Salah, R W. Smith, N W. Spencer, Vincent B. Wickwar, T S. Virdi

All Physics Faculty Publications

Thermospheric wind data obtained from the Atmosphere Explorer E and Dynamics Explorer 2 satellites have been combined with wind data for the lower and upper thermosphere from ground-based incoherent scatter radar and Fabry-Perot optical interferometers to generate a revision (HWM90) of the HWM87 empirical model and extend its applicability to 100 km. Comparison of the various data sets with the aid of the model shows in general remarkable agreement, particularly at mid and low latitudes. The ground-based data allow modeling of seasonal/diurnal variations, which are most distinct at mid latitudes. While solar activity variations are now included, they are found …


Exact And Asymptotic Scaling Solutions For Fragmentation With Mass Loss, M. Cai, Boyd F. Edwards, H. Han Jan 1991

Exact And Asymptotic Scaling Solutions For Fragmentation With Mass Loss, M. Cai, Boyd F. Edwards, H. Han

All Physics Faculty Publications

Exact and asymptotic solutions to a linear rate equation for fragmentation with mass loss are presented. Solutions for spatially discrete random bond annihilation illustrate the mutual exclusiveness of the fragmentation and recession terms in the rate equation. Exact solutions for deterministic equal fragment recession show that continuous mass loss between fragmentation events can be approximated by discrete mass loss during fragmentation events when this mass loss is small. Evidence that continuous and discrete mass loss preclude shattering mass loss, the loss of mass to zero-mass particles due to runaway fragmentation, is presented. General asymptotic scaling forms, general solutions reflecting arbitrary …


Onset Of Convection For Autocatalytic Reaction Fronts: Laterally Unbounded System, Boyd F. Edwards, J. W. Wilder, K. Showalter Jan 1991

Onset Of Convection For Autocatalytic Reaction Fronts: Laterally Unbounded System, Boyd F. Edwards, J. W. Wilder, K. Showalter

All Physics Faculty Publications

The linear stability of exothermic autocatalytic reaction fronts that convert unreacted fluid into a lighter reacted fluid is considered using the viscous thermohydrodynamic equations. For upward front propagation and a thin front, the discontinuous jump in density at the front is reminiscent of the Rayleigh-Taylor problem of an interface between two immiscible fluids, whereas the vertical thermal gradient near the front is reminiscent of the Rayleigh-Bénard problem of a fluid layer heated from below. The problem is also similar to flame propagation, except that here the front propagation speed is limited by catalyst diffusion rather than by activation kinetics. For …


Silicon (2p) Surface Core-Level Line Shape Of Si(111)—B, J. E. Rowe, G. K. Wertheim, D. Mark Riffe Jan 1991

Silicon (2p) Surface Core-Level Line Shape Of Si(111)—B, J. E. Rowe, G. K. Wertheim, D. Mark Riffe

All Physics Faculty Publications

Several recent structural studies of the Si(111)–B ((3)1/2×(3)1/2) surface have established that the boron atoms occupy substitutional sites in the second full Si layer and have Si adatoms directly above them. High‐resolution (∼80–100 meV) Si(2p) core‐level photoemission was used to determine the B‐induced perturbation of the surface Si atoms. The samples were prepared by surface segregation from Si(111) wafers (∼1.5 at. % B) after thermally removing the thin protective oxide layer on the surface. Photoemission spectra for photon energies from 110 to 140 eV show three peaks, indicative of at least two well‐separated spin‐orbit …


Microscopic Irreversibility And Gibbs Entropy, John D. Ramshaw Jan 1991

Microscopic Irreversibility And Gibbs Entropy, John D. Ramshaw

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

In a recent paper of the same title [J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn., 15 (1990), 151], Liboff observed that the fine-grained Gibbs entropy of a canonical Hamiltonian system remains constant in time even for Hamiltonians that are not even in momenta and consequently violate time-reversal invariance (TRI). Here we extend this observation to non-canonical Hamiltonian systems, including systems with singular Poisson tensors and pseudo-Hamiltonian systems that violate the Jacobi identity. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the Gibbs entropy to be constant in such systems. The concept of TRI is not in general meaningful for such systems, but it is shown …


Low-Energy Collisions Of Negative Ions With Atomic Hydrogen, Michael A. Huels Jan 1991

Low-Energy Collisions Of Negative Ions With Atomic Hydrogen, Michael A. Huels

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Total cross sections for charge transfer and electron detachment for collisions of a variety of negative ions with atomic hydrogen have been separately determined for laboratory collision energies ranging from about 5 eV to 500 eV. The experiments are performed with an apparatus that utilizes a crossed-beam configuration with a radio-frequency discharge as the source of atomic hydrogen.;For collisions of H{dollar}\sp-{dollar}(D{dollar}\sp-{dollar}) with H the charge transfer cross sections increase monotonically with decreasing energy and display an isotope effect. at the lowest collision energies, the electron detachment cross sections are about one order of magnitude smaller than those for charge transfer; …


Double Tuned Cosine Coil For Nmr Imaging/Microscopy, Roger M. Hawk, Rao P. Gullapalli, Dikoma P. Shungu Jan 1991

Double Tuned Cosine Coil For Nmr Imaging/Microscopy, Roger M. Hawk, Rao P. Gullapalli, Dikoma P. Shungu

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The fabrication of a cosine coil having unevenly distributed struts is detailed. Placing the struts in such a manner enables a standing wave at the desired frequency and, hence, only one resonance frequency is obtained. This study details the fabrication of a cosine coil tuned to the LJ-7 frequency (77.76 MHz) and then double-tuned to the H-1 frequency (200.1 MHz) when operated at 4.7 Tesla. Double-tuning is attained by placing an LC trap in series with a capacitor used to single-tune the coil. Also, a method is suggested by which a cosine coil can be broadbanded in the lower frequency …


The Quantum Magneto Effect Of Bismuth, Omar Kerem Durdag Jan 1991

The Quantum Magneto Effect Of Bismuth, Omar Kerem Durdag

Honors Theses, 1963-2015

Using a standard field modulation technique, the de Haas-van Alphen effect was measured in bismuth for various crystal orientations. Measurements performed using a d.c. magnetic field that was ramped up from -0.05 T to -0.6 T at 4.2 K with a w.01 T modulating field. Data shows a variation of dHvA period with orientation that is in good agreement with the results of Bhargava'.


Modeling Radon Transport And Entry, Michael John Bergmann Jan 1991

Modeling Radon Transport And Entry, Michael John Bergmann

Honors Theses, 1963-2015

Techniques and devices for measuring the emanation power and permeabdity of soil samples are developed. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to model the transport of radon to 112 basements in Minnesota. Correlation between this model and the measured indoor radon concentration is compared to other leading models' correlations. This model has been found to have the strongest correlation.


Structure And Optical Characterization Of Znxcd1-Xte Thin Films Prepared By The Close Spaced Vapor Transport Method, David D. Allred, Jesus González-Hernández, O. Zelaya, J. G. Mendoza-Alverez, E. López-Cruz, D. A. Pawlik Jan 1991

Structure And Optical Characterization Of Znxcd1-Xte Thin Films Prepared By The Close Spaced Vapor Transport Method, David D. Allred, Jesus González-Hernández, O. Zelaya, J. G. Mendoza-Alverez, E. López-Cruz, D. A. Pawlik

Faculty Publications

Zinc cadmium telluride (ZnxCd1-xTe) solid solution films with 0≤x≤0.12 were deposited by the close spaced vapor transport method and characterized using photoluminescence, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The two former techniques indicate that films with high crystalline quality can be prepared with moderate substrate temperatures and low argon pressures. Under these conditions deposition rates of up to 1000 Å/s are achieved and Zn concentration in the film is the same as that of the source. The electron micrographs show grain sizes comparable to the film thickness.


Transient Heat Transfer, Eric Roth Jan 1991

Transient Heat Transfer, Eric Roth

Dissertations and Theses

With the advent of the new high Tc superconductors, liquid nitrogen will be one of the preferred cryogens used to cool these materials. Consequently, a more thorough understanding of the heat transfer characteristics of liquid nitrogen is required. In our investigations we examine the transient heating characteristics of liquid nitrogen to states of nucleate and film boiling under different liquid flow conditions. Using a platinum hot wire technique, it is verified that there is a premature transition to film boiling in the transient case at power levels significantly lower than under steady state nucleate boiling conditions. It is also shown …