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Articles 61 - 86 of 86
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Odnawialne Źródła Energii W., Wojciech M. Budzianowski
Odnawialne Źródła Energii W., Wojciech M. Budzianowski
Wojciech Budzianowski
No abstract provided.
Approximation Of Range In Materials As A Function Of Incident Electron Energy, Gregory Wilson, John R. Dennison
Approximation Of Range In Materials As A Function Of Incident Electron Energy, Gregory Wilson, John R. Dennison
All Physics Faculty Publications
A simple composite analytic expression has been developed to approximate the electron range in materials. The expression is applicable over more than six orders of magnitude in energy (10 MeV) and range (10-9 m to 10-2 m), with uncertainty of ≤20% for most conducting, semiconducting and insulating materials. This is accomplished by fitting data from two standard NIST databases [ESTAR for the higher energy range and the electron IMFP (inelastic mean free path) for the lower energies]. In turn, these data have been fit with well-established semi-empirical models for range and IMFP that are related to standard materials properties (e.g., …
Gáz Van Babám, Pal R. Molnar
Gáz Van Babám, Pal R. Molnar
Pal R. Molnar
A közelmúltban az Orosz Védelmi Minisztérium egy rövid közleményben tájékoztatta a világot, hogy az örök fagy birodalma, a tundra olvadóban van. Ennek kapcsán a bejelentő beismert néhány „sajnálatos” problémát is.
A Precise Measurement Of The Muon Neutrino–Nucleon Inclusive Charged Current Cross Section Off An Isoscalar Target In The Energy Range 2.5 < EV < 40 Gev By Nomad, Nomad Collaboration, Q. Wu, S. R. Mishra, A. Godley, Roberto Petti, S. Alekhin, P. Astier, D. Autiero, A. Baldisseri, M. Baldo-Ceolin, M. Banner, G. Bassompierre, K. Benslama, N. Besson, I. Bird, B. Blumenfeld, F. Bobisut, J. Bouchez, S. Boyd, A. Bueno, Et. Al.
A Precise Measurement Of The Muon Neutrino–Nucleon Inclusive Charged Current Cross Section Off An Isoscalar Target In The Energy Range 2.5 < EV < 40 Gev By Nomad, Nomad Collaboration, Q. Wu, S. R. Mishra, A. Godley, Roberto Petti, S. Alekhin, P. Astier, D. Autiero, A. Baldisseri, M. Baldo-Ceolin, M. Banner, G. Bassompierre, K. Benslama, N. Besson, I. Bird, B. Blumenfeld, F. Bobisut, J. Bouchez, S. Boyd, A. Bueno, Et. Al.
Faculty Publications
We present a measurement of the muon neutrino–nucleon inclusive charged current cross section, off an isoscalar target, in the neutrino energy range 2.5⩽Ev ⩽ 40GeV. The significance of this measurement is its precision, ±4% in 2.5⩽Ev ⩽ 10GeV, and ± 2.6% in 10⩽Ev ⩽ 40GeV regions, where significant uncertainties in previous experiments still exist, and its importance to the current and proposed long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.
Energy, Entropy And The Environment (How To Increase The First By Decreasing The Second To Save The Third), D. P. Sheehan
Energy, Entropy And The Environment (How To Increase The First By Decreasing The Second To Save The Third), D. P. Sheehan
Physics and Biophysics: Faculty Scholarship
Energy is the lifeblood of civilization, but inexpensive, high energy density sources are rapidly being depleted and their exploitation is severely degrading the environment. This paper explores a radical solution to this energy-environmental dilemma. In the last 10–15 years, the universality of the second law of thermodynamics has fallen into serious theoretical doubt [1–3].Should it prove experimentally violable, this would open the door to a nearly limitless reservoir of ubiquitous, clean, recyclable energy. If economical, it could precipitate paradigm shifts in energy production, utilization and politics. In this paper, recent challenges to the second law are reviewed, with focus given …
Cascade Production In The Reactions 𝛾p → K⁺ K⁺(X) And 𝛾p → K⁺K⁺ Π⁻⁻(X), M. J. Amaryan, H. Bagdasaryan, S. Bültmann, S. L. Careccia, K. V. Dharmawardane, G. E. Dodge, G. Gavalian, N. Guler, C. E. Hyde-Wright, N. Kalantarians, A. Klein, S. E. Kuhn, M. R. Niroula, S. Tkachenko, L. B. Weinstein, J. Zhang, Et Al., Clas Collaboration
Cascade Production In The Reactions 𝛾p → K⁺ K⁺(X) And 𝛾p → K⁺K⁺ Π⁻⁻(X), M. J. Amaryan, H. Bagdasaryan, S. Bültmann, S. L. Careccia, K. V. Dharmawardane, G. E. Dodge, G. Gavalian, N. Guler, C. E. Hyde-Wright, N. Kalantarians, A. Klein, S. E. Kuhn, M. R. Niroula, S. Tkachenko, L. B. Weinstein, J. Zhang, Et Al., Clas Collaboration
Physics Faculty Publications
Photoproduction of the cascade resonances has been investigated in the reactions γp → K + K +(X) and γp → K + K + π −(X). The mass splitting of the ground state (Ξ−,Ξ0) doublet is measured to be 5.4 ± 1.8 MeV/c2, consistent with existing measurements. The differential (total) cross sections for the Ξ− have been determined for photon beam energies from 2.75 to 3.85 (4.75) GeV and are consistent with a production mechanism of Y∗→K+Ξ− through a t-channel process. The reaction γp→K+K+π−[Ξ0] has also been investigated to …
Form Factors And Wave Functions Of Vector Mesons In Holographic Qcd, Hovhannes R. Grigoryan, Anatoly V. Radyushkin
Form Factors And Wave Functions Of Vector Mesons In Holographic Qcd, Hovhannes R. Grigoryan, Anatoly V. Radyushkin
Physics Faculty Publications
Within the framework of a holographic dual model of QCD, we develop a formalism for calculating form factors of vector mesons. We show that the holographic bound states can be described not only in terms of eigenfunctions of the equation of motion, but also in terms of conjugate wave functions that are close analogues of quantum-mechanical bound state wave functions. We derive a generalized VMD representation for form factors, and find a very specific VMD pattern, in which form factors are essentially given by contributions due to the first two bound states in the Q2 -channel. We calculate electric …
Gravitationally Induced Quantum Superposition Reduction With Large Extra Dimensions, Jonas R. Mureika
Gravitationally Induced Quantum Superposition Reduction With Large Extra Dimensions, Jonas R. Mureika
Physics Faculty Works
A gravity-driven mechanism (``objective reduction'') proposed to explain quantum state reduction is analyzed in light of the possible existence of large extra dimensions in the ADD scenario. By calculating order-of-magnitude estimates for nucleon superpositions, it is shown that if the mechanism at question is correct, constraints may be placed on the number and size of extra dimensions. Hence, measurement of superposition collapse times ({\it e.g.} through diffraction or reflection experiments) could represent a new probe of extra dimensions. The influence of a time-dependent gravitational constant on the gravity-driven collapse scheme with and without the presence of extra dimensions is also …
Analysis And Comparison Of Three Acoustic Energy Density Probes, Lance Lester Locey
Analysis And Comparison Of Three Acoustic Energy Density Probes, Lance Lester Locey
Theses and Dissertations
Traditional methods for the investigation of sound fields generally rely on a microphone to convert sound pressure into an electrical signal which can be recorded, displayed, and so forth. The squared sound pressure is directly related to potential energy density. Consequently, the measurement of sound pressure alone does not inherently provide insight into the total energy density of the sound field. Specifically, no information about the kinetic energy density of the sound field is available from this measurement alone. However, it is possible to use two microphones to estimate particle velocity. The squared particle velocity magnitude is directly related to …
Electronic Structure Properties And Bcs Superconductivity In Ss-Pyrochlore Oxides: KoSS₂O₆, Rolando Saniz, Julia E. Medvedeva, Lin Hui Ye, Tatsuya Shishidou, Arthur J. Freeman
Electronic Structure Properties And Bcs Superconductivity In Ss-Pyrochlore Oxides: KoSS₂O₆, Rolando Saniz, Julia E. Medvedeva, Lin Hui Ye, Tatsuya Shishidou, Arthur J. Freeman
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We report a first-principles density-functional calculation of the electronic structure and properties of the recently discovered superconducting β-pyrochlore oxide KOs2O6. We find that the electronic structure near the Fermi energy EF is dominated by strongly hybridized Os 5d and O 2p states. A van Hove singularity very close to Ef leads to a relatively large density of states at EF, and the Fermi surface exhibits strong nesting along several directions. These features could provide the scattering processes leading to the observed anomalous temperature dependence of the resistivity and to the rather large …
Instantons In Quantum Mechanics And Resurgent Expansions, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Jean Zinn-Justin
Instantons In Quantum Mechanics And Resurgent Expansions, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Jean Zinn-Justin
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Certain quantum mechanical potentials give rise to a vanishing perturbation series for at least one energy level (which as we here assume is the ground state), but the true ground-state energy is positive. We show here that in a typical case, the eigenvalue may be expressed in terms of a generalized perturbative expansion (resurgent expansion). Modified Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions lead to generalized perturbative expansions which may be expressed in terms of nonanalytic factors of the form exp(-a/g), where a>0 is the instanton action, and power series in the coupling g, as well as logarithmic factors. The ground-state energy, for …
Qcd In Curved Space-Time: A Conformal Bag Model, Dmitri Kharzeev, Eugene Levin, Kirill Tuchin
Qcd In Curved Space-Time: A Conformal Bag Model, Dmitri Kharzeev, Eugene Levin, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We construct an effective low energy Lagrangian using constraints imposed by the renormalization group. Degrees of freedom are gluons and a scalar glueball. This effective theory has a dual description as classical gluodynamics on a curved conformal background. Color fields are dynamically confined, and the strong coupling freezes at distances larger than the glueball size. We make specific predictions (in particular, on the Nc dependence of glueball properties) which can be tested in lattice simulations of gluodynamics.
Order-Parameter Symmetry And Mode-Coupling Effects At Dirty Superconducting Quantum Phase Transitions, Rastko Sknepnek, Thomas Vojta, Rajesh Narayanan
Order-Parameter Symmetry And Mode-Coupling Effects At Dirty Superconducting Quantum Phase Transitions, Rastko Sknepnek, Thomas Vojta, Rajesh Narayanan
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We derive an order-parameter field theory for a quantum phase transition between a disordered metal and an exotic (non- s -wave) superconductor. Mode coupling effects between the order parameter and other fermionic soft modes lead to an effective long-range interaction between the anomalous density fluctuations which is reflected in singularities in the free energy functional. However, this long-range interaction is not strong enough to suppress disorder fluctuations. The asymptotic critical region is characterized by run-away flow to large disorder. For weak coupling, this asymptotic region is very narrow. It is preempted by a wide crossover regime with mean-field critical behavior …
Black Hole Multiplicity At Particle Colliders (Do Black Holes Radiate Mainly On The Brane?), Marco Cavaglia
Black Hole Multiplicity At Particle Colliders (Do Black Holes Radiate Mainly On The Brane?), Marco Cavaglia
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
If gravity becomes strong at the TeV scale, we may have the chance to produce black holes at particle colliders. In this Letter we revisit some phenomenological signatures of black hole production in TeV-gravity theories. We show that the bulk-to-brane ratio of black hole energy loss during the Hawking evaporation phase depends crucially on the black hole greybody factors and on the particle degrees of freedom. Since the greybody factors have not yet been calculated in the literature, and the particle content at trans-Planckian energies is not known, it is premature to claim that the black hole emits mainly on …
Tev Black Hole Fragmentation And Detectability In Extensive Air Showers, Eun-Joo Ahn, Maximo Ave, Marco Cavaglia, Angela V. Olinto
Tev Black Hole Fragmentation And Detectability In Extensive Air Showers, Eun-Joo Ahn, Maximo Ave, Marco Cavaglia, Angela V. Olinto
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
In models with large extra dimensions, particle collisions with a center-of-mass energy larger than the fundamental gravitational scale can generate nonperturbative gravitational objects. Since cosmic rays have been observed with energies above 108 TeV, gravitational effects in the TeV energy range can, in principle, be observed by ultrahigh energy cosmic ray detectors. We consider the interaction of ultrahigh energy neutrinos in the atmosphere and compare extensive air showers from TeV black hole formation and fragmentation with standard model processes. Departures from the standard model predictions arise in the interaction cross sections and in the multiplicity of secondary particles. Large …
Extrapolation Of The Zα-Expansion And Two-Loop Bound-State Energy Shifts, Ulrich D. Jentschura
Extrapolation Of The Zα-Expansion And Two-Loop Bound-State Energy Shifts, Ulrich D. Jentschura
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects that shift the binding energies of hydrogenic energy levels have been expressed in terms of a semi-analytic expansion in powers of Zα and ln[(Zα)-2], where Z is the nuclear charge number and α is the fine-structure constant. For many QED effects, numerical data are available in the domain of high Z where the Zα expansion fails. In this Letter, we demonstrate that it is possible, within certain limits of accuracy, to extrapolate the Zα-expansion from the low-Z to the high-Z domain. We also review two-loop self-energy effects and provide an estimate for the problematic …
Mechanism For Carrier Velocity Saturation In Pure Organic Crystals, Vasudev M. Kenkre, Paul Ernest Parris
Mechanism For Carrier Velocity Saturation In Pure Organic Crystals, Vasudev M. Kenkre, Paul Ernest Parris
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We present a possible mechanism for the saturation of the velocity of photoinjected charge carriers in pure organic crystals, the analysis having been motivated by observations in pentacene. The mechanism is based on the strong wave vector dependence of the damping coefficient appearing in the appropriate effective mass equation. Our primary goal is to explore this mechanism in general terms rather than to apply it to a specific system such as pentacene. Our analysis is based on a Fokker-Planck equation treatment. We indicate how the damping coeffcient is related to relaxation times in usual Boltzmann equations and how it can …
Inclusive Gluon Production In Deep Inelastic Scattering At High Parton Density, Yuri V. Kovchegov, Kirill Tuchin
Inclusive Gluon Production In Deep Inelastic Scattering At High Parton Density, Yuri V. Kovchegov, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We calculate the cross section of single inclusive gluon production in deep inelastic scattering at very high energies in the saturation regime, where the parton densities inside hadrons and nuclei are large and the evolution of structure functions with energy is nonlinear. The expression we obtain for the inclusive gluon production cross section is generated by this nonlinear evolution. We analyze the rapidity distribution of the produced gluons as well as their transverse momentum spectrum given by the derived expression for the inclusive cross section. We propose an ansatz for the multiplicity distribution of gluons produced in nuclear collisions which …
Classical Gluodynamics In Curved Space-Time And The Soft Pomeron, Dmitri Kharzeev, Eugene Levin, Kirill Tuchin
Classical Gluodynamics In Curved Space-Time And The Soft Pomeron, Dmitri Kharzeev, Eugene Levin, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
QCD at the classical level possesses scale invariance which is broken by quantum effects. This "dimensional transmutation" phenomenon can be mathematically described by formulating classical gluodynamics in a curved, conformally flat, space-time with non-vanishing cosmological constant. We study QCD high-energy scattering in this theory. We find that the properties of the scattering amplitude at small momentum transfer are determined by the energy density of vacuum fluctuations. The approach gives rise to the power growth of the total hadron-hadron cross section with energy, i.e., the pomeron. The intercept of the pomeron and the multiplicity of produced particles are evaluated. We also …
What Determines The Emission Peak Energy Of The Blue Luminescence In Highly Mg-Doped P-Gan?, John S. Colton, P. Y. Yu
What Determines The Emission Peak Energy Of The Blue Luminescence In Highly Mg-Doped P-Gan?, John S. Colton, P. Y. Yu
Faculty Publications
We report a study of the 2.8 eV blue luminescence (BL) in heaviliy Mg-doped p-GaN via resonant excitation with a tunable blue dye laser. The dependence of the BL on the excitation photon energy (Eex) is unlike that of the yellow luminescence found in n-type GaN. An Urbach-type band tail, with Urbach parameter of 33 meV is observed in the vicinity of the BL energy. We propose that the peak energy of the BL marks the transition from localized states to delocalized states within this band tail.
Higher Twist Corrections And Maxima For Dis On A Proton In The High Density Qcd Region, E. Gotsman, Eugene Levin, U. Maor, L. Mclerran, Kirill Tuchin
Higher Twist Corrections And Maxima For Dis On A Proton In The High Density Qcd Region, E. Gotsman, Eugene Levin, U. Maor, L. Mclerran, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We show that the ratio of different structure functions have a maximum which depends on energy. We argue, using the Golec-Biernat and Wusthoff model as well as the eikonal approach, that these maxima are functions of the saturation scale. We analyze leading and higher twist contributions for different observables to check whether a kinematic region exists where high parton density effects can be detected experimentally.
The Pomeron Intercept In Lambda Phi**Theory In 4 Minkowski + 1 Compact Dimensions, Kirill Tuchin
The Pomeron Intercept In Lambda Phi**Theory In 4 Minkowski + 1 Compact Dimensions, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We calculate the total cross section for two scalar particles scattering at high energies in λφ3 theory in five dimensions, four of which are usual Minkowski ones and the fifth is compact. It is shown that the cross section is dominated by exchange of Pomeron whose intercept is larger than in usual four-dimensional case.
An Analysis Of Temperature Dependent Photoluminescence Line Shapes In Ingan, John S. Colton, K. L. Teo, P. Y. Yu, E. R. Weber, M. F. Li, W. Lui, K. Uchida, H. Tokunaga, N. Akutsu, K. Matsumoto
An Analysis Of Temperature Dependent Photoluminescence Line Shapes In Ingan, John S. Colton, K. L. Teo, P. Y. Yu, E. R. Weber, M. F. Li, W. Lui, K. Uchida, H. Tokunaga, N. Akutsu, K. Matsumoto
Faculty Publications
Photoluminescence (PL) line shapes in InGaN multiple quantum well structures have been studied experimentally and theoretically between 10 and 300 K. The higher temperature PL spectra can be fitted qualitatively with a thermalized carrier distribution and a broadened joint-density-of-states. The low temperature PL line shapes suggest that carriers are not thermalized, as a result of localization by band-gap fluctuations. We deduce a localization energy of ~7 meV as compared with an activation energy of ~63 meV from thermal quenching of the PL intensity. We thus conclude that this activation energy and the band-gap fluctuation most likely have different origins.
The Decision To Reactivate A First-Generation Soviet Nuclear Power Plant: Conceptual And Decision-Analytic Frameworks, John M. Gleason
The Decision To Reactivate A First-Generation Soviet Nuclear Power Plant: Conceptual And Decision-Analytic Frameworks, John M. Gleason
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Explores a variety of factors that led to reopening the Armenian Metsamor facility notwithstanding general agreement that this is unwarranted technologically.
Biaxiality In A Cyclic Thermotropic Nematic Liquid-Crystal, Jian-Feng Li, V. Percec, Ch. Rosenblatt, Oleg Lavrentovich
Biaxiality In A Cyclic Thermotropic Nematic Liquid-Crystal, Jian-Feng Li, V. Percec, Ch. Rosenblatt, Oleg Lavrentovich
Oleg Lavrentovich
Birefringence and textural data are presented for a ring-shaped trimeric liquid crystal. The material apparently undergoes a uniaxial-to-biaxial nematic phase transition as a function of temperature.
Β-Delayed Proton Decay Of 9c, David D. Allred, John E. Esterl, J. C. Hardy, R. G. Sextro, Joseph Cerny
Β-Delayed Proton Decay Of 9c, David D. Allred, John E. Esterl, J. C. Hardy, R. G. Sextro, Joseph Cerny
Faculty Publications
The delayed-proton spectrum following the β decay of 9C (t1/2=126.5±1.0 msec) was found to consist primarily of a continuum extending from 13 to 1.5 MeV, the latter being the lowest energy observed. In addition to the previously observed peaks at 9.28 and 12.30 MeV (C.M.), possible peaks between 3 and 7 MeV have been tentatively identified.