# Physics Commons™

Articles 1 - 30 of 331

## Full-Text Articles in Physics

Critical Dynamics Of Nonconserved Ising-Like Systems, K. E. Bassler, Beate Schmittmann Dec 1994

#### Critical Dynamics Of Nonconserved Ising-Like Systems, K. E. Bassler, Beate Schmittmann

##### Beate Schmittmann

We show that the dynamical fixed point of Ising-like models, characterized by a single scalar, nonconserved ordering field, is stable near four dimensions with respect to all dynamic perturbations, including those of a nonequilibrium nature.

Formation Of Shape-Preserving Pulses In A Nonlinear Adiabatically Integrable System, R. Grobe, Foek T. Hioe, J. H. Eberly Dec 1994

#### Formation Of Shape-Preserving Pulses In A Nonlinear Adiabatically Integrable System, R. Grobe, Foek T. Hioe, J. H. Eberly

##### Physics Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Kinetics Of Clustering In Traffic Flows, E. Ben-Naim, P. L. Krapivsky, S. Redner Dec 1994

#### Kinetics Of Clustering In Traffic Flows, E. Ben-Naim, P. L. Krapivsky, S. Redner

##### Eli Ben-Naim

We study a simple aggregation model that mimics the clustering of traffic on a one-lane roadway. In this model, each car'' moves ballistically at its initial velocity until it overtakes the preceding car or cluster. After this encounter, the incident car assumes the velocity of the cluster which it has just joined. The properties of the initial distribution of velocities in the small velocity limit control the long-time properties of the aggregation process. For an initial velocity distribution with a power-law tail at small velocities, $\pvim$ as $v \to 0$, a simple scaling argument shows that the average cluster size ...

Low-Energy Differential Scattering Of Electrons And Positrons From Noble Gases, David D. Reid, J. M. Wadehra Dec 1994

#### Low-Energy Differential Scattering Of Electrons And Positrons From Noble Gases, David D. Reid, J. M. Wadehra

##### Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research Publications

Calculations of cross sections for electron (e) and positron (e+) scattering from ground-state He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe at projectile energies below the lowest inelastic thresholds are presented. The main focus in the present work is on the differential cross sections, since angular distributions depend sensitively on the choice of interaction potentials used in the calculations. A part of the interaction potential used in the calculations includes a parameter-free correlation-polarization potential which is (a) based on physical ideas of what a correlation-polarization potential should be, (b) different for various target gases, and (c) distinct for electron and positron scattering ...

Energy Spread And Ion Current Measurements Of Several Ion Sources, A. D. Gaus, W. T. Htwe, J. A. Brand, Timothy J. Gay, M. Schulz Dec 1994

#### Energy Spread And Ion Current Measurements Of Several Ion Sources, A. D. Gaus, W. T. Htwe, J. A. Brand, Timothy J. Gay, M. Schulz

##### Timothy J. Gay Publications

Energy spread and extracted current measurements are presented for five different types of ion sources: hot cathode, cold cathode, magnetron, microwave, and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). The measurements were performed with a 45° parallel-plate energy analyzer with a resolution of better than 0.5 eV at 500 eV incident energy. Energy spreads ranged from 0.5 to 4 eV, while total extracted beam currents ranged from 2 to 30 μA. Beam currents due specifically to protons, 3He++ ions, and H+2 ions are also presented. The ECR and magnetron sources gave the best overall performance. These, along with the ...

Optical-Fiber Preamplifiers For Ladar Detection And Associated Measurements For Improving The Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Michael S. Salisbury, Paul F. Mcmanamon, Bradley D. Duncan Dec 1994

#### Optical-Fiber Preamplifiers For Ladar Detection And Associated Measurements For Improving The Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Michael S. Salisbury, Paul F. Mcmanamon, Bradley D. Duncan

##### Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications

In an effort to increase achievable postdetection signal-tonoise ratios (SNRs) of continuous-wave, 1-gm all-solid-state ladar systems, a prototype rare-earth-doped optical-fiber amplifier has been included in the optical return signal path of both a heterodyne and a directdetection ladar system. We provide numerical predictions for SNR increases according to our previously developed theory. We also detail our experimental efforts and provide the results of SNR measurements for four distinct cases: direct ladar detection with and without a fiber amplifier, and heterodyne ladar detection with and without a fiber amplifier. Experimentally measured increases in SNRs for ladar systems incorporating an optical-fiber amplifier ...

Electron-Beam-Induced Patterned Deposition Of Allylcyclopentadienyl Palladium Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, D.S. Saulys, A. Ermakov, E.L. Garfunkel, Peter A. Dowben Dec 1994

#### Electron-Beam-Induced Patterned Deposition Of Allylcyclopentadienyl Palladium Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, D.S. Saulys, A. Ermakov, E.L. Garfunkel, Peter A. Dowben

##### Peter Dowben Publications

Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to study the electron-induced decomposition of allylcyclopentadienyl palladium [Pd(η3-C3H5)( η5-C5H5)] and subsequent deposition on a Si(111) surface. Deposition occurs via an electron impact mechanism on either the tip or surface, depending on the bias polarity, and is observed with voltages of 2.75 V. This is close to the predicted condensed phase dissociation energy of 2.3 eV for Pd(η3-C3H5)(η5-C5H5)→Pd+C3H5+C5H5. Metallic ...

Calculus-Based Physics Exploratory Study: Summary Report, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy Dec 1994

#### Calculus-Based Physics Exploratory Study: Summary Report, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

##### Documents

During the 1992-1993 academic year a number of elements (national level surveys and research reports, IMSA’s professional development focus; a climate of reflective inquiry) focused attention on the participation and achievement of females in mathematics and science at a national level and, specifically, the participation and achievement of females in mathematics and science at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy. These elements served as the catalyst for the calculus-based physics exploratory study.

Small Polarons And The Electronic Properties Of Mo2S3, Adilgiry A. Kusov, Roger D. Kirby Dec 1994

#### Small Polarons And The Electronic Properties Of Mo2S3, Adilgiry A. Kusov, Roger D. Kirby

##### Faculty Publications, Department of Physics and Astronomy

We investigate the small-polaron mechanism as a possible explanation of electrical-conduction and electrical-noise properties of the linear chain material Mo2S3. Experimental conductivity and noise data obtained in earlier papers [Phys. Rev. B 38, 3973 (1988); Phys. Rev. B 39, 5139 (1989)] are analyzed in terms of a small-polaron mechanism and double-well potential model. We interpret the observed electronic properties in terms of kinetic equations describing the interaction of free carriers with fluctuations of density of the lattice. Appropriate kinetics equations to describe this interaction, which leads to small-polaron formation, are derived. These equations are found to explain ...

Further Thoughts On Newton's Zero-Order Rainbow, James A. Lock, Timothy A. Mccollum Dec 1994

#### Further Thoughts On Newton's Zero-Order Rainbow, James A. Lock, Timothy A. Mccollum

##### Physics Faculty Publications

A zero-order rainbow angle may be defined as the relative minimum angle of deviation of geometrical light rays transmitted without internal reflections through a transparent particle. If the incident rays are parallel and the particle is a sphere, such a minimum does not exist. But if the incident rays ale not parallel or if the particle has an elliptical rather than circular cross section, an angle of minimum deviation, hence a zero-order rainbow, can occur. For a spherical water droplet, the zero-order rainbow will occur when a point source is placed less than a droplet radius away from its surface ...

Discrete Symmetries And Isosinglet Quarks In Low-Energy Supersymmetry, Diego Castano, Stephan P. Martin Dec 1994

#### Discrete Symmetries And Isosinglet Quarks In Low-Energy Supersymmetry, Diego Castano, Stephan P. Martin

##### Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

Many extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model contain superfields for quarks which are singlets under weak isospin with electric charge -13. We explore the possibility that such isosinglet quarks have low or intermediate scale masses, but do not mediate rapid proton decay because of a discrete symmetry. By imposing the discrete gauge anomaly cancellation conditions, we show that the simplest way to achieve this is to extend the Z3 “baryon parity” of Ibáñez and Ross to the isosinglet quark superfields. This can be done in three distinct ways. This strategy is not consistent with grand unification with a ...

Mössbauer Spectroscopic And Magnetic Studies Of Magnetoferritin, Q. A. Pankhurst, S. Betteridge, D. P. E. Dickson, T. Douglas, Stephen Mann, Richard B. Frankel Dec 1994

#### Mössbauer Spectroscopic And Magnetic Studies Of Magnetoferritin, Q. A. Pankhurst, S. Betteridge, D. P. E. Dickson, T. Douglas, Stephen Mann, Richard B. Frankel

##### Physics

Mössbauer spectroscopic and magnetic measurements have been made on a novel magnetic protein produced by the controlled reconstitution of ferritin. The data indicate that the predominant mineral form in the iron-containing cores is maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) rather than magnetite (Fe3O4).

Dec 1994

#### Absolute Photonic Band Gaps Of Zincblende, Bass

##### Master's Theses

One concept of examining the propagation of an electromagnetic wave through a periodic structure is the dispersion curve which relates the frequency of the propagating wave to its wave vector. In some cases frequency ranges occur where no propagation is possible. These ranges are called absolute photonic band gaps as far as periodic dielectric structures are concerned.

In my thesis I am interested in the dispersion curve of a Zincblende type dielectric array. Zincblende is a diamond-like structure and it has been shown that diamond structures possess absolute photonic band gaps. In studying Zincblende we want to gain deeper insight ...

Portable, High-Bandwidth Frequency-Domain Photon Migration Instrument For Tissue Spectroscopy, Steen J. Madsen, Eric R. Anderson, Richard C. Haskell, Bruce J. Tromberg Dec 1994

#### Portable, High-Bandwidth Frequency-Domain Photon Migration Instrument For Tissue Spectroscopy, Steen J. Madsen, Eric R. Anderson, Richard C. Haskell, Bruce J. Tromberg

##### All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

We describe a novel frequency-domain photon migration instrument employing direct diode laser modulation and avalanche photodiode detection, which is capable of noninvasively determinating the optical properties of biological tissues in near real time. An infinite medium diffusion model was used to extract absorption and transport scattering coefficients from 300-kHz to 800-MHz photon-density wave phase data. Optical properties measured in tissue-simulating solutions at 670 nm agreed to within 10% of those expected.

Dec 1994

#### Determination Of The Bulk Modulus Of A Lennard-Jones Solid, Van Roekel

##### Master's Theses

The quantum Monte Carlo method is used to determine the bulk modulus of a Lennard-Jones solid. The quantum Monte Carlo method is discussed in detail and is compared with other numerical methods used previously.

The zero pressure bulk modulus of a Lennard-Jones solid is computed at a number of different temperatures and compared with experimental data.

#### The Photonic Band Structure Of Dielectric Systems With A Frequency Dependent Dielectric Function, Liu

##### Master's Theses

The concepts of band theory for electrons can be employed to describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves propagaiting in periodic dielectric structures with a frequency independent dielectric function. These periodic structures can produce photonic band gaps in which the propagation of electromagnetic waves is strictly prohibited. The introduction of a frequency dependent dielectric function in such systems gives rise to strong changes of the photonic bands in the neighborhood of the frequency resonance of the dielectric function.

In my thesis, the photonic band structure of a dielectric system with a frequency dependent dielectric function which undergoes a dielectric resonance will ...

#### An Experimental Apparatus For Studying Double Differential Scattering By Low-Energy Multiply Charged Ions From Atomic Targets, Gopinathan

##### Master's Theses

A new differential energy-gain spectrometer with a movable parallel-plate electrostatic energy analyzer has been constructed and tested for the study of double differential (in energy and angle) cross sections for state-selective electron capture processes in collisions of low-energy multiply charged ions with atomic gases. The ion beam is produced by extracting recoil ions from a primary interaction region where these ions are generated in collisions between a neutral target gas and a fast fluorine beam from the WMU tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. An einzel lens is used to focus the ion beam extracted from the recoil-ion source into a ...

Review Of "Modern Physics From Α To Z°" By J. W. Rohlf, Peter J. Collings Dec 1994

#### Review Of "Modern Physics From Α To Z°" By J. W. Rohlf, Peter J. Collings

##### Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Magnetotaxis And Magnetic Particles In Bacteria, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski Dec 1994

#### Magnetotaxis And Magnetic Particles In Bacteria, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski

##### Physics

Magnetotactic bacteria contain magnetic particles that constitute a permanent magnetic dipole and cause each cell to orient and migrate along geomagnetic field lines. Recent results relevant to the biomineralization process and to the function of magnetotaxis are discussed.

The Spectral Center Of Gravity Effect And Auditory Filter Bandwidth, Marc Fagelson, Linda M. Thibodeau Nov 1994

#### The Spectral Center Of Gravity Effect And Auditory Filter Bandwidth, Marc Fagelson, Linda M. Thibodeau

##### Marc A. Fagelson

The spectral center of gravity refers to a listener’s averaging of frequency and intensity components when formant peaks in a speechlike signal are separated by 3.5 Bark units or less. In this paper a total of 18 synthetic vowels whose spectra approximated /ae/ or /inverted vee/ were generated digitally; each stimulus contained the first 40 harmonics of a 100‐Hz fundamental. Nine spectra contained three formants, while the balance contained only two. Subjects with normal hearing and mild high‐frequency hearing loss above 3000 Hz were instructed to identify synthetic vowels as either /ae/ or /inverted vee/ as ...

Symmetry, Spin-Orbit Interactions, And Spin Anisotropies, Taner Yildirim, A. Brooks Harris, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Amnon Aharony Nov 1994

#### Symmetry, Spin-Orbit Interactions, And Spin Anisotropies, Taner Yildirim, A. Brooks Harris, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Amnon Aharony

##### Department of Physics Papers

The origins of anisotropy in the effective spin Hamiltonian, describing the ground manifold of Hubbard models with spin-orbit interactions, are critically discussed. For tetragonal symmetry, we show exactly that spin anisotropy can arise only if one includes both spin-orbit and Coulomb exchange interactions. For lower symmetries, additional anisotropies arise from terms which were hitherto neglected. Our analytic results are supported by numerical solutions for single bond clusters. These results can explain the easy plane anisotropy in the antiferromagnetic cuprates.

Nov 1994

#### Improved Frequency Response Measurements In The Human Visual System, Yuping Chen

##### FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The temporal frequency response characteristics of the human visual system have been investigated by combining the increment threshold and sinusoidal flicker methods. Gain and phase spectra were obtained for two subjects using improved equipment and methodology compared with previous investigations. While the output of the system for sinusoidal input stimuli was generally also sinusoidal, as required for a linear system, other non-linearities emerged. Gain spectra for both subjects indicated a low-pass filtering action. Phase spectra showed a possible low frequency phase lead followed by a high frequency lag. Earlier studies suggested that the system might be a minimum phase system ...

Thickness Dependence Of The Magnetic And Electrical Properties Of Fe:Sio2 Nanocomposite Films, S.S. Malhotra, Yi Liu, J.X. Shen, Sy_Hwang Liou, David J. Sellmyer Nov 1994

#### Thickness Dependence Of The Magnetic And Electrical Properties Of Fe:Sio2 Nanocomposite Films, S.S. Malhotra, Yi Liu, J.X. Shen, Sy_Hwang Liou, David J. Sellmyer

##### Si-Hwang Liou Publications

Nanocomposite Fe80 (SiO2)20 films with thickness from 150 to 5000 Å have been prepared by rf magnetron sputtering from a composite target. The crystallites in the Fe80 (SiO2)20 films have a bcc structure with the average size of 46–66 Å which was determined by transmission electron microscopy. As indicated by the thickness dependence of resistivity, the stacking and connectivity of the crystallites depend on the thickness of the films. The magnetic properties also depend on the microstructure which changes with the thickness of the films. The magnetic coercivity of the films increases with ...

Mössbauer Study Of Permanent-Magnet Materials: Sm2Fe17-XAlX Compounds, I.A. Al-Omari, Sitaram Jaswal, A.S. Fernando, David J. Sellmyer Nov 1994

#### Mössbauer Study Of Permanent-Magnet Materials: Sm2Fe17-XAlX Compounds, I.A. Al-Omari, Sitaram Jaswal, A.S. Fernando, David J. Sellmyer

##### David Sellmyer Publications

The Fe57 Mössbauer spectra of Sm2Fe17-xAlx, where x=0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0, have been measured at room temperature and analyzed. The ternary compounds Sm2Fe17-xAlx have the rhombohedral Th2Zn17 structure. Mössbauer measurements showed that all the compounds studied were ferromagnetic. The average hyperfine field was found to decrease with the increasing aluminum concentration, which is in qualitative agreement with magnetic measurements. The decrease in the average hyperfine field was from 224 kOe at x=0 to 174 kOe at x=4 ...

Interface Alloying And Magnetic Properties Of Fe/Rh Multilayers, K. Hanisch, W. Keune, R.A. Brand, Christian Binek, Wolfman Kleemann Nov 1994

#### Interface Alloying And Magnetic Properties Of Fe/Rh Multilayers, K. Hanisch, W. Keune, R.A. Brand, Christian Binek, Wolfman Kleemann

##### Christian Binek Publications

Rh(20 Å)/57Fe(tFe) multilayers with Fe thicknesses tFe of 2, 5, 10, and 15 Å prepared by alternate evaporation in UHV have been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. First- and second-order superstructure Bragg peaks (but no higher-order peaks) in small-angle XRD patterns suggest some compositional modulation. Mössbauer spectra taken at 4.2 K are characterized by a distribution P(Bhf) of hyperfine fields Bhf. Peaks observed in the P(Bhf) curves near 17 and 35 T are assigned to an fcc-RhFe interface alloy (~7–24 at. % Fe ...

Surface Core-Level Shifts And Atomic Coordination At A Stepped W(110) Surface, D. Mark Riffe, B. Kim, J. L. Erskine, N. D. Shinn Nov 1994

#### Surface Core-Level Shifts And Atomic Coordination At A Stepped W(110) Surface, D. Mark Riffe, B. Kim, J. L. Erskine, N. D. Shinn

##### All Physics Faculty Publications

Core-level 4f7/2 photoemission spectra have been measured from a single, bifacial W crystal, which has both a flat W(110) and a vicinal, stepped W(110) [W(320)] surface. This procedure reduces uncertainties in the quantitative description of peaks in the spectra from W(320). Various analyses, including nonlinear least-squares curve fitting, show that the average surface core-level shift (SCS) for W(320) is only ∼-140 meV, compared to -310 meV for W(110) and that, at a maximum, only two of five terrace rows are isoelectronic to W(110) surface atoms. The absence of a large SCS ...

Low‐Temperature Phase Diagram Of Ybbipt, R. Movshovich, A. Lacerda, Paul C. Canfield, J. D. Thompson, Z. Fisk Nov 1994

#### Low‐Temperature Phase Diagram Of Ybbipt, R. Movshovich, A. Lacerda, Paul C. Canfield, J. D. Thompson, Z. Fisk

##### Paul C. Canfield

Resistivity measurements are reported on the cubic heavy‐fermion compound YbBiPt at ambient and hydrostatic pressures to ≊19 kbar and in magnetic fields to 1 T. The phase transition at T c =0.4 K is identified by a sharp rise in resistivity. That feature is used to build low‐temperature H‐T and P‐Tphase diagrams. The phase boundary in the H‐T plane follows the weak‐coupling BCS expression remarkably well from T c to T c /4, while small hydrostatic pressure of ≊1 kbar suppresses the low‐temperature phase entirely. These effects of hydrostatic pressure and magnetic ...

Sputtering Pressure Effects And Temperature-Dependent Magnetism Of Co/Pd Multilayers, S.Y. Jeong, Z.S. Shan, P. He, J.X. Shen, Y.B. Zhang, John A. Woollam, David J. Sellmyer Nov 1994

#### Sputtering Pressure Effects And Temperature-Dependent Magnetism Of Co/Pd Multilayers, S.Y. Jeong, Z.S. Shan, P. He, J.X. Shen, Y.B. Zhang, John A. Woollam, David J. Sellmyer

##### David Sellmyer Publications

The temperature dependence of the sputtering Ar pressure effects on magnetic properties and the coercivity mechanism of Co(2 Å)/Pd(13 Å) multilayers were studied as the sputtering Ar pressure varied from 3–15 mTorr and the temperature from 300 to 35 K. It is found that the roughness of the interfaces or film surface increases with increasing sputtering pressure, the anisotropy increases with decreasing temperature and increasing Ar pressure and shows a maximum at PAr≃12 mTorr, and the coercivity increases with Ar pressure and shows stronger temperature dependence at higher Ar pressure. The coercivity mechanism was ...

Nov 1994

#### Aligned Two-Phase Magnets: Permanent Magnetism Of The Future? (Invited), Ralph Skomski

##### Ralph Skomski Publications

Micromagnetic calculations are used to investigate coercivity and energy products of magnets consisting of an aligned hard-magnetic skeleton phase and a soft-magnetic phase with high saturation magnetization. Compared to the present-day theoretical limit of 516 W/m3 for single-phase Nd2Fe14B, the energy product in suitable nanostructured Sm2Fe2N3/Fe65Co35 composites is predicted to be as high as 1090 kJ/m3. The influence of the skeleton’s texture and shape is discussed, and aligned nanocrystalline two-phase magnets are compared with remanence-enhanced isotropic magnets. In particular, it is shown how ...

Recent Developments In Modeling Of The Stress Derivative Of Magnetization In Ferromagnetic Materials, David C. Jiles, Michael K. Devine Nov 1994

#### Recent Developments In Modeling Of The Stress Derivative Of Magnetization In Ferromagnetic Materials, David C. Jiles, Michael K. Devine

##### Ames Laboratory Publications

The effect of changing stress on the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials leads to behavior in which the magnetization may increase, or decrease, when exposed to the same stress under the same external conditions. A simple empirical law seems to govern the behavior when the magnetization begins from a major hysteresis loop. The application of the law of approach, in which the derivative of the magnetization with respect to the elastic energy supplied dM/dW is proportional to the magnetization displacement M anM, is discussed.