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Articles 1 - 30 of 125
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Swarm Intelligence Methods For Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral Search: First Application Of Particle Swarm Optimization, Xiao-Bo Zou, Soumya D. Mohanty, Hong-Gang Luo, Yu-Xiao Liu
Swarm Intelligence Methods For Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral Search: First Application Of Particle Swarm Optimization, Xiao-Bo Zou, Soumya D. Mohanty, Hong-Gang Luo, Yu-Xiao Liu
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
Swarm intelligence (SI) methods are nature-inspired metaheuristics for global optimization that exploit a coordinated stochastic search strategy by a group of agents. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an established SI method that has been applied successfully to the optimization of rugged high-dimensional likelihood functions, a problem that represents the main bottleneck across a variety of gravitational wave (GW) data analysis challenges. We present results from the first application of PSO to one of the most difficult of these challenges, namely the search for the Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral (EMRI) in data from future spaceborne GW detectors such as LISA, Taiji, …
Glitch Subtraction From Gravitational Wave Data Using Adaptive Spline Fitting, Soumya D. Mohanty, Mohammad A. T. Chowdhury
Glitch Subtraction From Gravitational Wave Data Using Adaptive Spline Fitting, Soumya D. Mohanty, Mohammad A. T. Chowdhury
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
Transient signals of instrumental and environmental origins ("glitches") in gravitational wave data elevate the false alarm rate of searches for astrophysical signals and reduce their sensitivity. Glitches that directly overlap astrophysical signals hinder their detection and worsen parameter estimation errors. As the fraction of data occupied by detectable astrophysical signals will be higher in next generation detectors, such problematic overlaps could become more frequent. These adverse effects of glitches can be mitigated by estimating and subtracting them out from the data, but their unpredictable waveforms and large morphological diversity pose a challenge. Subtraction of glitches using data from auxiliary sensors …
Search For Continuous Gravitational Wave Emission From The Milky Way Center In O3 Ligo-Virgo Data, R. Abbott, H. Abe, F. Acernese, M. G. Benjamin, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, F. Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Gaukhar Nurbek, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang
Search For Continuous Gravitational Wave Emission From The Milky Way Center In O3 Ligo-Virgo Data, R. Abbott, H. Abe, F. Acernese, M. G. Benjamin, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, F. Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Gaukhar Nurbek, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present a directed search for continuous gravitational wave (CW) signals emitted by spinning neutron stars located in the inner parsecs of the Galactic Center (GC). Compelling evidence for the presence of a numerous population of neutron stars has been reported in the literature, turning this region into a very interesting place to look for CWs. In this search, data from the full O3 LIGO-Virgo run in the detector frequency band [10,2000] Hz have been used. No significant detection was found and 95% confidence level upper limits on the signal strain amplitude were computed, over the full search band, with …
Fermion-Induced Electroweak Symmetry Non-Restoration Via Temperature-Dependent Masses, Yu Hang Ng
Fermion-Induced Electroweak Symmetry Non-Restoration Via Temperature-Dependent Masses, Yu Hang Ng
Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Standard Model (SM) and many extensions of SM predict that the electroweak (EW) symmetry was restored in the early universe when the temperature was around 160 GeV. However, recent studies showed that the interactions between some new scalars and SU(2)_L Higgs doublet(s) can cause the EW symmetry to remain broken at temperatures well above the EW scale in certain renormalizable extensions of SM. In this study, we found that new fermions from renormalizable models can also induce this EW symmetry non-restoration effect, provided that they have the appropriate temperature-dependent masses. These masses can arise naturally from the interactions between the …
Searches For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars At Two Harmonics In The Second And Third Ligo-Virgo Observing Runs, R. Abbott, H. Abe, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, M. G. Benjamin, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Gaukhar Nurbek, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang
Searches For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars At Two Harmonics In The Second And Third Ligo-Virgo Observing Runs, R. Abbott, H. Abe, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, M. G. Benjamin, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Gaukhar Nurbek, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present a targeted search for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from 236 pulsars using data from the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo (O3) combined with data from the second observing run (O2). Searches were for emission from the l = m = 2 mass quadrupole mode with a frequency at only twice the pulsar rotation frequency (single harmonic) and the l = 2, m = 1, 2 modes with a frequency of both once and twice the rotation frequency (dual harmonic). No evidence of GWs was found, so we present 95% credible upper limits on the strain amplitudes …
Using Supervised Learning Algorithms As A Follow-Up Method In The Search Of Gravitational Waves From Core-Collapse Supernovae, Javier M. Antelis, Marco Cavaglia, Travis Hansen, Mannuel D. Morales, Claudia Moreno, Soma Mukherjee, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Michele Zanolin
Using Supervised Learning Algorithms As A Follow-Up Method In The Search Of Gravitational Waves From Core-Collapse Supernovae, Javier M. Antelis, Marco Cavaglia, Travis Hansen, Mannuel D. Morales, Claudia Moreno, Soma Mukherjee, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Michele Zanolin
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present a follow-up method based on supervised machine learning (ML) to improve the performance in the search of gravitational wave (GW) bursts from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) using the coherent WaveBurst (cWB) pipeline. The ML model discriminates noise from signal events by using a set of reconstruction parameters provided by cWB as features. Detected noise events are discarded yielding a reduction in the false alarm rate (FAR) and the false alarm probability thus enhancing the statistical significance. We tested the proposed method using strain data from the first half of the third observing run of advanced LIGO, and CCSNe GW …
Search For Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Binaries In The Third Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang
Search For Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Binaries In The Third Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) span the approximate mass range 100−105 M⊙, between black holes (BHs) that formed by stellar collapse and the supermassive BHs at the centers of galaxies. Mergers of IMBH binaries are the most energetic gravitational-wave sources accessible by the terrestrial detector network. Searches of the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo did not yield any significant IMBH binary signals. In the third observing run (O3), the increased network sensitivity enabled the detection of GW190521, a signal consistent with a binary merger of mass ∼150 M⊙ providing direct evidence of …
Perturbative Unitarity And Nec Violation In Genesis Cosmology, Yong Cai, Ji Xu, Shuai Zhao, Siyi Zhou
Perturbative Unitarity And Nec Violation In Genesis Cosmology, Yong Cai, Ji Xu, Shuai Zhao, Siyi Zhou
Physics Faculty Publications
Explorations of the violation of null energy condition (NEC) in cosmology could enrich our understanding of the very early universe and the related gravity theories. Although a fully stable NEC violation can be realized in the “beyond Horndeski” theory, it remains an open question whether a violation of the NEC is allowed by some fundamental properties of UV-complete theories or the consistency requirements of effective field theory (EFT). We investigate the tree-level perturbative unitarity for stable NEC violations in the contexts of both Galileon and “beyond Horndeski” genesis cosmology, in which the universe is asymptotically Minkowskian in the past. We …
Search For Lensing Signatures In The Gravitational-Wave Observations From The First Half Of Ligo–Virgo's Third Observing Run, Richard Abbott, Thomas D. Abbott, S. Abraham, Fausto Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, Wenhui Wang
Search For Lensing Signatures In The Gravitational-Wave Observations From The First Half Of Ligo–Virgo's Third Observing Run, Richard Abbott, Thomas D. Abbott, S. Abraham, Fausto Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, Wenhui Wang
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We search for signatures of gravitational lensing in the gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences detected by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Advanced Virgo during O3a, the first half of their third observing run. We study: (1) the expected rate of lensing at current detector sensitivity and the implications of a non-observation of strong lensing or a stochastic gravitational-wave background on the merger-rate density at high redshift; (2) how the interpretation of individual high-mass events would change if they were found to be lensed; (3) the possibility of multiple images due to strong lensing by galaxies or galaxy …
Constraints From Ligo O3 Data On Gravitational-Wave Emission Due To R-Modes In The Glitching Pulsar Psr J0537–6910, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, Wenhui Wang
Constraints From Ligo O3 Data On Gravitational-Wave Emission Due To R-Modes In The Glitching Pulsar Psr J0537–6910, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, Wenhui Wang
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present a search for continuous gravitational-wave emission due to r-modes in the pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration observing run O3. PSR J0537-6910 is a young energetic X-ray pulsar and is the most frequent glitcher known. The inter-glitch braking index of the pulsar suggests that gravitational-wave emission due to r-mode oscillations may play an important role in the spin evolution of this pulsar. Theoretical models confirm this possibility and predict emission at a level that can be probed by ground-based detectors. In order to explore this scenario, we search for r-mode emission in the epochs between …
Nnetfix: An Artificial Neural Network-Based Denoising Engine For Gravitational-Wave Signals, Kentaro Mogushi, Ryan Quitzow-James, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Nnetfix: An Artificial Neural Network-Based Denoising Engine For Gravitational-Wave Signals, Kentaro Mogushi, Ryan Quitzow-James, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Instrumental and environmental transient noise bursts in gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, or glitches, may impair astrophysical observations by adversely affecting the sky localization and the parameter estimation of GW signals. Denoising of detector data is especially relevant during low-latency operations because electromagnetic follow-up of candidate detections requires accurate, rapid sky localization and inference of astrophysical sources. NNETFIX is a machine learning, artificial neural network-based algorithm designed to estimate the data containing a transient GW signal with an overlapping glitch as though the glitch was absent. The sky localization calculated from the denoised data may be significantly more accurate than the sky …
Diving Below The Spin-Down Limit: Constraints On Gravitational Waves From The Energetic Young Pulsar Psr J0537-6910, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, W. H. Wang
Diving Below The Spin-Down Limit: Constraints On Gravitational Waves From The Energetic Young Pulsar Psr J0537-6910, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, W. H. Wang
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present a search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and exhibits fRequent and strong glitches. Analyses of its long-term and interglitch braking indices provide intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a …
Tidal Deformability Of Strange Stars And The Gw170817 Event, Odilon Lourenço, Cesar H. Lenzi, Mariana Dutra, Efrain J. Ferrer, Vivian De La Incera, Laura Paulucci, J. E. Horvath
Tidal Deformability Of Strange Stars And The Gw170817 Event, Odilon Lourenço, Cesar H. Lenzi, Mariana Dutra, Efrain J. Ferrer, Vivian De La Incera, Laura Paulucci, J. E. Horvath
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this work we consider strange stars formed by quark matter in the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase of color superconductivity. The CFL phase is described by a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with four-fermion vector and diquark interaction channels. The effect of the color superconducting medium on the gluons are incorporated into the model by including the gluon self-energy in the thermodynamic potential. We construct parametrizations of the model by varying the vector coupling GV and comparing the results to the data on tidal deformability from the GW170817 event, the observational data on maximum masses from massive pulsars such as the MSP J0740+6620, and …
The First Three Seconds: A Review Of Possible Expansion Histories Of The Early Universe, R. Allahverdi, M. A. Amin, A. Berlin, N. Bernal, C. T. Byrnes, M. S. Delos, A. L. Erickcek, M. Escudero, D. G. Figueroa, K. Freese, T. Harada, D. Hooper, D. I. Kaiser, T. Karwal, K. Kohri, G. Krnjaic, M. Lewicki, K. D. Lozanov, V. Poulin, K. Sinha, Tristan L. Smith, T. Takahashi, T. Tenkanen, J. Unwin, V. Vaskonen, S. Watson
The First Three Seconds: A Review Of Possible Expansion Histories Of The Early Universe, R. Allahverdi, M. A. Amin, A. Berlin, N. Bernal, C. T. Byrnes, M. S. Delos, A. L. Erickcek, M. Escudero, D. G. Figueroa, K. Freese, T. Harada, D. Hooper, D. I. Kaiser, T. Karwal, K. Kohri, G. Krnjaic, M. Lewicki, K. D. Lozanov, V. Poulin, K. Sinha, Tristan L. Smith, T. Takahashi, T. Tenkanen, J. Unwin, V. Vaskonen, S. Watson
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works
It is commonly assumed that the energy density of the Universe was dominated by radiation between reheating after inflation and the onset of matter domination 54,000 years later. While the abundance of light elements indicates that the Universe was radiation dominated during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), there is scant evidence that the Universe was radiation dominated prior to BBN. It is therefore possible that the cosmological history was more complicated, with deviations from the standard radiation domination during the earliest epochs. Indeed, several interesting proposals regarding various topics such as the generation of dark matter, matter-antimatter asymmetry, gravitational waves, primordial …
Fourier Transform Of The Continuous Gravitational Wave Signal, Sree Ram Valluri, V. Dergachev, X. Zhang, Farrukh Chishtie
Fourier Transform Of The Continuous Gravitational Wave Signal, Sree Ram Valluri, V. Dergachev, X. Zhang, Farrukh Chishtie
Physics and Astronomy Publications
The direct detection of continuous gravitational waves from pulsars is a much anticipated discovery in the emerging field of multimessenger gravitational wave (GW) astronomy. Because putative pulsar signals are exceedingly weak large amounts of data need to be integrated to achieve desired sensitivity. Contemporary searches use ingenious ad hoc methods to reduce computational complexity. In this paper we provide analytical expressions for the Fourier transform of realistic pulsar signals. This provides description of the manifold of pulsar signals in the Fourier domain, used by many search methods. We analyze the shape of the Fourier transform and provide explicit formulas for …
Search For Continuous Gravitational-Wave Signals In Pulsar Timing Residuals: A New Scalable Approach With Diffusive Nested Sampling, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Yi-Qian Qian, Yan-Rong Li, Pu Du, Jie-Wen Chen, Yan Wang, Soumya Mohanty, Jian-Min Wang
Search For Continuous Gravitational-Wave Signals In Pulsar Timing Residuals: A New Scalable Approach With Diffusive Nested Sampling, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Yi-Qian Qian, Yan-Rong Li, Pu Du, Jie-Wen Chen, Yan Wang, Soumya Mohanty, Jian-Min Wang
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
Detecting continuous nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) generated by individual close binaries of supermassive black holes (CB-SMBHs) is one of the primary objectives of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). The detection sensitivity is slated to increase significantly as the number of well-timed millisecond pulsars will increase by more than an order of magnitude with the advent of next-generation radio telescopes. Currently, the Bayesian analysis pipeline using parallel tempering Markov Chain Monte Carlo has been applied in multiple studies for CB-SMBH searches, but it may be challenged by the high dimensionality of the parameter space for future large-scale PTAs. One solution is to …
The Nanograv 12.5 Yr Data Set: Observations And Narrowband Timing Of 47 Millisecond Pulsars, Md F. Alam, Zaven Arzoumanian, Paul T. Baker, Harsha Blumer, Keith E. Bohler, Keeisi Caballero, Richard S. Camuccio, Yhamil Garcia
The Nanograv 12.5 Yr Data Set: Observations And Narrowband Timing Of 47 Millisecond Pulsars, Md F. Alam, Zaven Arzoumanian, Paul T. Baker, Harsha Blumer, Keith E. Bohler, Keeisi Caballero, Richard S. Camuccio, Yhamil Garcia
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements and timing models of 47 millisecond pulsars observed from 2004 to 2017 at the Arecibo Observatory and the Green Bank Telescope by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). The observing cadence was three to four weeks for most pulsars over most of this time span, with weekly observations of six sources. These data were collected for use in low-frequency gravitational wave searches and for other astrophysical purposes. We detail our observational methods and present a set of TOA measurements, based on "narrowband" analysis, in which many TOAs are calculated within narrow radio-frequency …
Gravitational-Wave Constraints On The Equatorial Ellipticity Of Millisecond Pulsars, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, S. Mukherjee, V. Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, W. H. Wang
Gravitational-Wave Constraints On The Equatorial Ellipticity Of Millisecond Pulsars, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, S. Mukherjee, V. Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, W. H. Wang
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present a search for continuous gravitational waves from five radio pulsars, comprising three recycled pulsars (PSR J0437−4715, PSR J0711−6830, and PSR J0737−3039A) and two young pulsars: the Crab pulsar (J0534+2200) and the Vela pulsar (J0835−4510). We use data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo combined with data from their first and second observing runs. For the first time we are able to match (for PSR J0437−4715) or surpass (for PSR J0711−6830) the indirect limits on gravitational-wave emission from recycled pulsars inferred from their observed spin-downs, and constrain their equatorial ellipticities to be less than 10−8 …
Towards A Real-Time Fully-Coherent All-Sky Search For Gravitational Waves From Compact Binary Coalescences Using Particle Swarm Optimization, M. E. Normandin, Soumya Mohanty
Towards A Real-Time Fully-Coherent All-Sky Search For Gravitational Waves From Compact Binary Coalescences Using Particle Swarm Optimization, M. E. Normandin, Soumya Mohanty
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
While a fully-coherent all-sky search is known to be optimal for detecting gravitational wave signals from compact binary coalescences, its high computational cost has limited current searches to less sensitive coincidence-based schemes. Following up on previous work that has demonstrated the effectiveness of particle swarm optimization (PSO) in reducing the computational cost of this search, we present an implementation that achieves near real-time computational speed. This is achieved by combining the search efficiency of PSO with a significantly revised and optimized numerical implementation of the underlying mathematical formalism along with additional multithreaded parallelization layers in a distributed computing framework. For …
The Astrophysics Of Nanohertz Gravitational Waves, S. Burke-Spolaor, S. R. Taylor, M. Charisi, T. Dolch, J. S. Hazboun, A. M. Holgado, L. Z. Kelley, T. J. W. Lazio, D. R. Madison, N. Mcmann, C. M. F. Mingarelli, A. Rasskazov, X. Siemens, J. J. Simon, Tristan L. Smith
The Astrophysics Of Nanohertz Gravitational Waves, S. Burke-Spolaor, S. R. Taylor, M. Charisi, T. Dolch, J. S. Hazboun, A. M. Holgado, L. Z. Kelley, T. J. W. Lazio, D. R. Madison, N. Mcmann, C. M. F. Mingarelli, A. Rasskazov, X. Siemens, J. J. Simon, Tristan L. Smith
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works
Pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations in North America, Australia, and Europe, have been exploiting the exquisite timing precision of millisecond pulsars over decades of observations to search for correlated timing deviations induced by gravitational waves (GWs). PTAs are sensitive to the frequency band ranging just below 1 nanohertz to a few tens of microhertz. The discovery space of this band is potentially rich with populations of inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries, decaying cosmic string networks, relic post-inflation GWs, and even non-GW imprints of axionic dark matter. This article aims to provide an understanding of the exciting open science questions in …
Hasasia: A Python Package For Pulsar Timing Array Sensitivity Curves, J. S. Hazboun, J. D. Romano, Tristan L. Smith
Hasasia: A Python Package For Pulsar Timing Array Sensitivity Curves, J. S. Hazboun, J. D. Romano, Tristan L. Smith
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred From The First And Second Observing Runs Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, B. P. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, Karla E. Ramirez, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, D. Tuyenbayev, W. H. Wang, Adam Zadrozny
Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred From The First And Second Observing Runs Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, B. P. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, Karla E. Ramirez, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, D. Tuyenbayev, W. H. Wang, Adam Zadrozny
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present results on the mass, spin, and redshift distributions with phenomenological population models using the 10 binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected in the first and second observing runs completed by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We constrain properties of the BBH mass spectrum using models with a range of parameterizations of the BBH mass and spin distributions. We find that the mass distribution of the more massive BH in such binaries is well approximated by models with no more than 1% of BHs more massive than 45M(circle dot) and a power-law index of alpha = 1.3(-1.7)(+1.4) (90% credibility). …
The Delay Time Of Gravitational Wave — Gamma-Ray Burst Associations, Bing Zhang
The Delay Time Of Gravitational Wave — Gamma-Ray Burst Associations, Bing Zhang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
The first gravitational wave (GW) — gamma-ray burst (GRB) association, GW170817/GRB 170817A, had an offset in time, with the GRB trigger time delayed by ∼1.7 s with respect to the merger time of the GW signal. We generally discuss the astrophysical origin of the delay time, Δt, of GW-GRB associations within the context of compact binary coalescence (CBC) — short GRB (sGRB) associations and GW burst — long GRB (lGRB) associations. In general, the delay time should include three terms, the time to launch a clean (relativistic) jet, Δtjet; the time for the jet to break out from the surrounding …
Low-Latency Gravitational-Wave Alerts For Multimessenger Astronomy During The Second Advanced Ligo And Virgo Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Low-Latency Gravitational-Wave Alerts For Multimessenger Astronomy During The Second Advanced Ligo And Virgo Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Advanced LIGO's second observing run (O2), conducted from 2016 November 30 to 2017 August 25, combined with Advanced Virgo's first observations in 2017 August, witnessed the birth of gravitational-wave multimessenger astronomy. The first ever gravitational-wave detection from the coalescence of two neutron stars, GW170817, and its gamma-ray counterpart, GRB 170817A, led to an electromagnetic follow-up of the event at an unprecedented scale. Several teams from across the world searched for EM/neutrino counterparts to GW170817, paving the way for the discovery of optical, X-ray, and radio counterparts. In this article, we describe the online identification of gravitational-wave transients and the distribution …
Ligo Analogy Lab—A Set Of Undergraduate Lab Experiments To Demonstrate Some Principles Of Gravitational Wave Detection, Dennis Ugolini, Hanna Rafferty, M. Winter, C. Rockstuhl, A. Bergmann
Ligo Analogy Lab—A Set Of Undergraduate Lab Experiments To Demonstrate Some Principles Of Gravitational Wave Detection, Dennis Ugolini, Hanna Rafferty, M. Winter, C. Rockstuhl, A. Bergmann
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research
The first direct detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in September 2015 proved their existence, as predicted by Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, and ushered in the era of gravitational-wave interferometry. In this article, we present a set of lab course experiments at different levels of advancement, which give students insight into the basic LIGO operating principle and advanced detection techniques. Starting with methods for folding an optical cavity, we advance to analogy experiments with sound waves that can be detected with a Michelson interferometer with an optical cavity arm. In that experiment, students also …
Search For Multimessenger Sources Of Gravitational Waves And High-Energy Neutrinos With Advanced Ligo During Its First Observing Run, Antares, And Icecube, A. Albert, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Search For Multimessenger Sources Of Gravitational Waves And High-Energy Neutrinos With Advanced Ligo During Its First Observing Run, Antares, And Icecube, A. Albert, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves, such as binary neutron star and black hole mergers or core-collapse supernovae, can drive relativistic outflows, giving rise to non-thermal high-energy emission. High-energy neutrinos are signatures of such outflows. The detection of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos from common sources could help establish the connection between the dynamics of the progenitor and the properties of the outflow. We searched for associated emission of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical transients with minimal assumptions using data from Advanced LIGO from its first observing run O1, and data from the Antares and IceCube neutrino observatories from …
A Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor Search For Electromagnetic Signals Coincident With Gravitational-Wave Candidates In Advanced Ligo's First Observing Run, E. Burns, A. Goldstein, C. M. Hui, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
A Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor Search For Electromagnetic Signals Coincident With Gravitational-Wave Candidates In Advanced Ligo's First Observing Run, E. Burns, A. Goldstein, C. M. Hui, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We present a search for prompt gamma-ray counterparts to compact binary coalescence gravitational wave (GW) candidates from Advanced LIGO's first observing run (O1). As demonstrated by the multimessenger observations of GW170817/GRB 170817A, electromagnetic and GW observations provide complementary information about the astrophysical source, and in the case of weaker candidates, may strengthen the case for an astrophysical origin. Here we investigate low-significance GW candidates from the O1 compact binary coalescence searches using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), leveraging its all sky and broad energy coverage. Candidates are ranked and compared to background to measure the significance. Those with false …
Prospects For Observing And Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients With Advanced Ligo, Advanced Virgo And Kagra, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, Marc Favata, Shaon Ghosh, Rodica Martin
Prospects For Observing And Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients With Advanced Ligo, Advanced Virgo And Kagra, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, Marc Favata, Shaon Ghosh, Rodica Martin
Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources …
Prospects For Observing And Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients With Advanced Ligo, Advanced Virgo And Kagra, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Prospects For Observing And Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients With Advanced Ligo, Advanced Virgo And Kagra, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources …
All-Sky Search For Long-Duration Gravitational Wave Transients In The First Advanced Ligo Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, Marc Favata, Shaon Ghosh
All-Sky Search For Long-Duration Gravitational Wave Transients In The First Advanced Ligo Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, Marc Favata, Shaon Ghosh
Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
We present the results of a search for long-duration gravitational wave transients in the data of the LIGO Hanford and LIGO Livingston second generation detectors between September 2015 and January 2016, with a total observational time of 49 d. The search targets gravitational wave transients of 10500 s duration in a frequency band of 242048 Hz, with minimal assumptions about the signal waveform, polarization, source direction, time of occurrence. No significant events were observed. As a result we set 90% confidence upper limits on the rate of long-duration gravitational wave transients for different types of gravitational wave signals. We also …