Physics Commons^™

Quantum-Enhanced Advanced Ligo Detectors In The Era Of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy, M. Tse, Haocun Yu, N. Kijbunchoo, A. Fernandez-Galiana, P. Dupej, L. Barsotti, C. D. Blair, D. D. Brown, S. E. Dwyer, Karla E. Ramirez

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravitational waves with the Advanced LIGO H1 and L1 detectors. This achievement is the culmination of decades of research to implement squeezed states in gravitational-wave detectors. During the ongoing O3 observation run, squeezed states are improving the sensitivity of the LIGO interferometers to signals above 50 Hz by up to 3 dB, thereby increasing the expected detection rate by 40% (H1) and 50% (L1).

Tests Of General Relativity With The Binary Black Hole Signals From The Ligo-Virgo Catalog Gwtc-1, B. P. Abbott, S. Mukherjee

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The detection of gravitational waves by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo provides an opportunity to test general relativity in a regime that is inaccessible to traditional astronomical observations and laboratory tests. We present four tests of the consistency of the data with binary black hole gravitational waveforms predicted by general relativity. One test subtracts the best-fit waveform from the data and checks the consistency of the residual with detector noise. The second test checks the consistency of the low- and high-frequency parts of the observed signals. The third test checks that phenomenological deviations introduced in the waveform model (including in …

Realistic Sensitivity Curves For Pulsar Timing Arrays, ‪Jeffrey S. Hazboun, Joseph D. Romano, Tristan L. Smith

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We construct realistic sensitivity curves for pulsar timing array searches for gravitational waves, incorporating both red and white noise contributions to individual pulsar noise spectra, and the effect of fitting to a pulsar timing model. We demonstrate the method on both simulated pulsars and a realistic array consisting of a subset of NANOGrav pulsars used in recent analyses. A comparison between the results presented here and measured upper limit curves from actual analyses shows agreement to tens of percent. The resulting sensitivity curves can be used to assess the detectability of predicted gravitational-wave signals in the nanohertz frequency band in …

Search For Gravitational-Wave Signals Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts During The Second Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, Robert Stone, D. Tuyenbayev, W. H. Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present the results of targeted searches for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts during the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, which took place from 2016 November to 2017 August. We have analyzed 98 gamma-ray bursts using an unmodeled search method that searches for generic transient gravitational waves and 42 with a modeled search method that targets compact-binary mergers as progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts. Both methods clearly detect the previously reported binary merger signal GW170817, with p-values of z ≤ 1. We estimate 0.07–1.80 joint detections with Fermi-GBM per year for the 2019–20 …

Estimating The Angular Power Spectrum Of The Gravitational-Wave Background In The Presence Of Shot Noise, Alexander C. Jenkins, Joseph D. Romano, Mairi Sakellariadou

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

There has been much recent interest in studying anisotropies in the astrophysical gravitational-wave (GW) background, as these could provide us with interesting new information about galaxy clustering and large-scale structure. However, this information is obscured by shot noise, caused by the finite number of GW sources that contribute to the background at any given time. We develop a new method for estimating the angular spectrum of anisotropies, based on the principle of combining statistically-independent data segments. We show that this gives an unbiased estimate of the true, astrophysical spectrum, removing the offset due to shot noise power, and that …

Effects Of Solvent Used For Fabrication On Drug Loading And Release Kinetics Of Electrosprayed Temozolomide-Loaded Plga Microparticles For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Daniel A. Rodriguez De Anda, Nareg Ohannesian, Karen S. Martirosyan, Sue Anne Chew

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and invasive form of malignant brain tumors and despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the survival of patients with GBM still remains poor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the chemotherapy drug that is most commonly given orally after surgical resection of these tumors. In this study, the effects of solvents (i.e., dichloromethane and acetonitrile) used for the fabrication of electrosprayed TMZ-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) on drug loading, loading efficiency, drug release kinetics, surface morphology, and particle size were investigated. The results from this study demonstrated that by using a larger volume of a solvent …

Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred From The First And Second Observing Runs Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, B. P. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, Karla E. Ramirez, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, D. Tuyenbayev, W. H. Wang, Adam Zadrozny

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present results on the mass, spin, and redshift distributions with phenomenological population models using the 10 binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected in the first and second observing runs completed by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We constrain properties of the BBH mass spectrum using models with a range of parameterizations of the BBH mass and spin distributions. We find that the mass distribution of the more massive BH in such binaries is well approximated by models with no more than 1% of BHs more massive than 45M(circle dot) and a power-law index of alpha = 1.3(-1.7)(+1.4) (90% credibility). …

Wallaby Early Science − V. Askap Hi Imaging Of The Lyon Group Of Galaxies 351, B. Q. For, L. Staveley-Smith, T. Westmeier, M. Whiting, S. -H. Oh, B. Koribalski, J. Wang, O. I. Wong, G. Bekiaris, L. Cortese, A. Elagali, D. Kleiner, K. Lee-Waddell, Juan P. Madrid, A. Popping, J. Rhee, T. N. Reynolds, J. D. Collier, C. J. Phillips, M. A. Voronkov, O. Mueller, H. Jerjen

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present an HI study of the galaxy group LGG 351 usingWidefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind Survey (WALLABY) early science data observed with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). LGG 351 resides behind the M 83 group at a velocity range (cz) of ∼3500–4800 km s−1 within the rich Hydra-Centaurus overdensity region. We detect 40 sources with the discovery of a tidally interacting galaxy pair and two new HI sources that are not presented in previous optical catalogues. 23 out of 40 sources have new redshifts derived from the new HI data. This study is the largest WALLABY …

Directional Limits On Persistent Gravitational Waves Using Data From Advanced Ligo’S First Two Observing Runs, B. P. Abbott, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, Karla E. Ramirez, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, Robert Stone, D. Tuyenbayev, Wenhui Wang, Adam Zadrozny, Joseph D. Romano

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We perform an unmodeled search for persistent, directional gravitational wave (GW) sources using data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO. We do not find evidence for any GW signals. We place limits on the broadband GW flux emitted at 25 Hz from point sources with a power law spectrum at Fα;Θ < ð0.05–25Þ × 10−8 erg cm−2 s−1 Hz−1 and the (normalized) energy density spectrum in GWs at 25 Hz from extended sources at ΩαðΘÞ < ð0.19–2.89Þ × 10−8 sr−1 where α is the spectral index of the energy density spectrum. These represent improvements of 2.5–3× over previous limits. We also consider point sources emitting GWs at a single frequency, targeting the directions of Sco X-1, SN 1987A, and the Galactic center. The best upper limits on the strain amplitude of a potential source in these three directions range from h0 < ð3.6–4.7Þ × 10−25, 1.5× better than previous limits set with the same analysis method. We also report on a marginally significant outlier at 36.06 Hz. This outlier is not consistent with a persistent gravitational-wave source as its significance diminishes when combining all of the available data

Wallaby Early Science − V. Askap Hi Imaging Of The Lyon Group Of Galaxies 351, B. Q. For, Lister Staveley-Smith, Tobias Westmeier, M. Whiting, S. -H. Oh, Baerbel Koribalski, Juan P. Madrid

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present an HI study of the galaxy group LGG 351 using Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind Survey (WALLABY) early science data observed with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). LGG 351 resides behind the M 83 group at a velocity range (cz) of ∼3500–4800 km s−1 within the rich Hydra-Centaurus overdensity region. We detect 40 sources with the discovery of a tidally interacting galaxy pair and two new HI sources that are not presented in previous optical catalogues. 23 out of 40 sources have new redshifts derived from the new HI data. This study is the largest …

The Gene Silencing Protein Morc-1 Topologically Entraps Dna And Forms Multimeric Assemblies To Cause Dna Compaction., Hyeongjun Kim, Linda Yen, Somsakul P. Wongpalee, Jessica A. Kirshner, Nicita Mehta, Yan Xue, Jonathan B. Johnston, Alma L. Burlingame, John K. Kim, Joseph J. Loparo, Steve E. Jacobsen

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• Caenorhabditis elegans MORC-1 traps DNA loops

• Recruitment of additional MORC-1s cause further loop trapping and DNA compaction

• MORC-1 assemblages become topologically entrapped on DNA

• MORC-1 forms discrete foci in vivo and can phase transition in vitro

Summary

Microrchidia (MORC) ATPases are critical for gene silencing and chromatin compaction in multiple eukaryotic systems, but the mechanisms by which MORC proteins act are poorly understood. Here, we apply a series of biochemical, single-molecule, and cell-based imaging approaches to better understand the function of the Caenorhabditis elegans MORC-1 protein. We find that MORC-1 binds to DNA in a length-dependent but sequence non-specific …

First Measurement Of The Hubble Constant From A Dark Standard Siren Using The Dark Energy Survey Galaxies And The Ligo/Virgo Binary–Black-Hole Merger Gw170814, M. Soares-Santos, A. Palmese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, Karla E. Ramirez, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, Robert Stone, D. Tuyenbayev, Wenhui Wang, Adam Zadrozny

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a multi-messenger measurement of the Hubble constant H0 using the binary–black-hole merger GW170814 as a standard siren, combined with a photometric redshift catalog from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The luminosity distance is obtained from the gravitational wave signal detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) on 2017 August 14, and the redshift information is provided by the DES Year 3 data. Black hole mergers such as GW170814 are expected to lack bright electromagnetic emission to uniquely identify their host galaxies and build an object-by-object Hubble diagram. However, they are suitable for a statistical measurement, …

A Concept Of Biopharmaceutical Nanosatellite, Jakub Mielczarek, Adam Zadrozny

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The article is a short overview of a proposal of a CubeSat type nanosatellite designed to conduct biopharmaceutical tests on the low earth orbit. Motivations behind the emerging demand for such solution nowadays and in the close future are emphasized. The possible objectives and challenges to be addressed in the planned biopharmaceutical CubeSat missions are discussed. In particular, it is hard to imagine progress of the space tourism and colonization of Mars without a wide-ranging development of pharmaceutics dedicated to be used in space. Finally, an exemplary layout of a 3U type CubeSat is presented. We stress that, thanks to …

Wallaby Early Science – Ii. The Ngc 7232 Galaxy Group, K. Lee-Waddell, Bärbel S. Koribalski, Tobias Westmeier, A. Elagali, B-Q For, D. Kleiner, Juan P. Madrid, A. Popping, T. N. Reynolds, J. Rhee

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report on neutral hydrogen (H I) observations of the NGC 7232 group with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). These observations were conducted as part of the Wide-field ASKAP L-Band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY) Early Science program with an array of 12 ASKAP antennas equipped with Phased Array Feeds, which were used to form 36 beams to map a field of view of 30 deg2. Analysing a subregion of the central beams, we detect 17 H I sources. Eleven of these detections are identified as galaxies and have stellar counterparts, of which five are newly resolved H …

Tests Of General Relativity With Gw170817, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, Robert Stone, D. Tuyenbayev, W. H. Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The recent discovery by Advanced LIGOand AdvancedVirgo of a gravitational wave signal from a binary neutron star inspiral has enabled tests of general relativity (GR) with this new type of source. This source, for the first time, permits tests of strong-field dynamics of compact binaries in the presence of matter. In this Letter, we place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime. Bounds on modified dispersion of gravitational waves are obtained; in combination with information from the observed electromagnetic counterpart we can also constrain effects due to large …

Eigenstates Transition Without Undergoing An Adiabatic Process, Fatemeh Mostafavi, Luqi Yuan, Hamidreza Ramezani

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We introduce a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that offers a dynamical approach to a shortcut to adiabaticity (DASA). In particular, in our proposed 2 × 2 Hamiltonians, one eigenvalue is absolutely real and the other one is complex. This specific form of eigenvalues helps us to exponentially decay the population in an undesired eigenfunction or amplify the population in the desired state while keeping the probability amplitude in the other eigenfunction conserved. This provides us with a powerful method to have a diabatic process with the same outcome as its corresponding adiabatic process. In contrast to standard shortcuts to adiabaticity, …

Search For Transient Gravitational-Wave Signals Associated With Magnetar Bursts During Advanced Ligo’S Second Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, K. E. Ramirez, Malik Rakhmanov, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, Robert Stone

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present the results of a search for short- and intermediate-duration gravitational-wave signals from four magnetar bursts in Advanced LIGO’s second observing run. We find no evidence of a signal and set upper bounds on the root sum squared of the total dimensionless strain (hrss) from incoming intermediate-duration gravitational waves ranging from 1.1 × 10−22 at 150 Hz to 4.4 × 10−22 at 1550 Hz at 50% detection efficiency. From the known distance to the magnetar SGR 1806–20 (8.7 kpc), we can place upper bounds on the isotropic gravitational-wave energy of 3.4 × 10^-44 erg at 150 Hz assuming optimal …

Narrow-Band Search For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars Using The Second Ligo Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, B. Abbott, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, D. Tuyenbayev, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, Robert Stone, A. K. Zadrozny

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Isolated spinning neutron stars, asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis, are expected to be sources of continuous gravitational waves. The most sensitive searches for these sources are based on accurate matched filtering techniques that assume the continuous wave to be phase locked with the pulsar beamed emission. While matched filtering maximizes the search sensitivity, a significant signal-to-noise ratio loss will happen in the case of a mismatch between the assumed and the true signal phase evolution. Narrowband algorithms allow for a small mismatch in the frequency and spin-down values of the pulsar while coherently integrating the entire dataset. In …

Constraining The P-Mode–G-Mode Tidal Instability With Gw170817, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, D. Tuyenbayev, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, Robert Stone, W. H. Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We analyze the impact of a proposed tidal instability coupling p modes and g modes within neutron stars on GW170817. This nonresonant instability transfers energy fromthe orbit of the binary to internal modes of the stars, accelerating the gravitational-wave driven inspiral.We model the impact of this instability on the phasing of the gravitational wave signal using three parameters per star: an overall amplitude, a saturation frequency, and a spectral index. Incorporating these additional parameters, we compute the Bayes factor (lnBpg !pg) comparing our p-g model to a standard one. We find that the observed signal is consistent with waveform models …

All-Sky Search For Long-Duration Gravitational-Wave Transients In The Second Advanced Ligo Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, Satzhan Sitmukhambetov, Robert Stone, D. Tuyenbayev, W. H. Wang, A. K. Zadrozny

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present the results of a search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients in the data from the Advanced LIGO second observation run; we search for gravitational-wave transients of 2–500 s duration in the 24–2048 Hz frequency band with minimal assumptions about signal properties such as waveform morphologies, polarization, sky location or time of occurrence. Signal families covered by these search algorithms include fallback accretion onto neutron stars, broadband chirps from innermost stable circular orbit waves around rotating black holes, eccentric inspiral-merger-ringdown compact binary coalescence waveforms, and other models. The second observation run totals about 118.3 days of coincident data between November …

Tuning The Reactivity Of Nanoenergetic Gas Generators Based On Bismuth And Iodine Oxidizers, Mkhitar A. Hobosyan, Karen S. Martirosyan

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

There is a growing interest on novel energetic materials called Nanoenergetic Gas- Generators (NGGs) which are potential alternatives to traditional energetic materials including pyrotechnics, propellants, primers and solid rocket fuels. NGGs are formulations that utilize metal powders as a fuel and oxides or hydroxides as oxidizers that can rapidly release large amount of heat and gaseous products to generate shock waves. The heat and pressure discharge, impact sensitivity, long term stability and other critical properties depend on the particle size and shape, as well as assembling procedure and intermixing degree between the components. The extremely high energy density and the …

Search For Gravitational Waves From A Long-Lived Remnant Of The Binary Neutron Star Merger Gw170817, B. P. Abbott, B. Abbott, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, Robert Stone, D. Tuyenbayev, W. H. Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

One unanswered question about the binary neutron star coalescence GW170817 is the nature of its post-merger remnant. A previous search for post-merger gravitational waves targeted high-frequency signals from a possible neutron star remnant with a maximum signal duration of 500 s. Here, we revisit the neutron star remnant scenario and focus on longer signal durations, up until the end of the second Advanced LIGO-Virgo observing run, which was 8.5 days after the coalescence of GW170817. The main physical scenario for this emission is the power-law spindown of a massive magnetar-like remnant. We use four independent search algorithms with varying degrees …