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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Long Coherence Times At 300 K For Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins In Diamond Grown By Chemical Vapor Deposition, John S. Colton, T. A. Kennedy, J. E. Butler, R. C. Linares, P.J. Doering
Long Coherence Times At 300 K For Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins In Diamond Grown By Chemical Vapor Deposition, John S. Colton, T. A. Kennedy, J. E. Butler, R. C. Linares, P.J. Doering
Faculty Publications
Electron-spin-echo experiments reveal phase-memory times as long as 58 μs at 300 K for nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) single crystals. The spins were optically polarized and optically detected. Two high-quality CVD samples were studied. From the current results, it is not clear whether these phase-memory times represent a fundamental limit or are limited by an external source of decoherence.
Ordering Tendencies In Octahedral Mgo-Zno Alloys, Gus L. W. Hart, Mahdi Sanati, Alex Zunger
Ordering Tendencies In Octahedral Mgo-Zno Alloys, Gus L. W. Hart, Mahdi Sanati, Alex Zunger
Faculty Publications
Isostrutural II-VI alloys whose components are either rocksalt stable (e.g., CaO-MgO) or zincblende stable (e.g., ZnS-ZnSe) are known to be thermodynamically unstable at low temperatures, showing a miscibility gap and no bulk ordering. In contrast, we show that heterostructural MgO-ZnO is stable, under certain conditions, in the sixfold-coordinated structure for Zn concentrations below 67%, giving rise to spontaneously ordered alloys. Using first-principles calculations, we explain the origin of this stability, the structures of their low-temperature ordered phases, short-range-order patterns, and their optical band-gap properties.
Allowed Mesoscopic Point Group Symmetries In Domain Average Engineering Of Perovskite Ferroelectric Crystals, Dorian M. Hatch, H. T. Stokes, W. Cao
Allowed Mesoscopic Point Group Symmetries In Domain Average Engineering Of Perovskite Ferroelectric Crystals, Dorian M. Hatch, H. T. Stokes, W. Cao
Faculty Publications
In multivariant systems, several energetically degenerate low temperature domain states can be produced at the structural phase transition. Coexistence of these domain states can produce mesoscopic structures that possess symmetries distinct from the microscopic single domain crystal symmetry. Such engineered domain structures in certain ferroelectric materials have been proven to give superior piezoelectric properties and extremely soft shear moduli. The objective of this article is to consider the variety of symmetries that can be produced through domain average engineering in proper ferroelectric systems arising from the cubic Pm[overline 3]m symmetry perovskite structure.
Cross Sections Fall 2003, Department Of Physics And Astronomy
Cross Sections Fall 2003, Department Of Physics And Astronomy
Cross Sections
No abstract provided.
Search For ΝΜ→ΝE Oscillations In The Nomad Experiment, Nomad Collaboration, P. Astier, D. Autiero, A. Baldisseri, M. Baldo-Ceolin, M. Banner, G. Bassompierre, K. Benslama, N. Besson, I. Bird, B. Blumenfeld, F. Bobisut, J. Bouchez, S. Boyd, A. Bueno, S. Buyatov, L. Camilleri, A. Cardini, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Cavasinni, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.
Search For ΝΜ→ΝE Oscillations In The Nomad Experiment, Nomad Collaboration, P. Astier, D. Autiero, A. Baldisseri, M. Baldo-Ceolin, M. Banner, G. Bassompierre, K. Benslama, N. Besson, I. Bird, B. Blumenfeld, F. Bobisut, J. Bouchez, S. Boyd, A. Bueno, S. Buyatov, L. Camilleri, A. Cardini, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Cavasinni, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.
Faculty Publications
We present the results of a search for νµ → νe oscillations in the NOMAD experiment at CERN. The experiment looked for the appearance of νe in a predominantly νµ wide-band neutrino beam at the CERN SPS. No evidence for oscillations was found. The 90% confidence limits obtained are ∆m2 < 0.4 eV2 for maximal mixing and sin2(2θ)−3 for large ∆m2. This result excludes the LSND allowed region of oscillation parameters with ∆m2 ≳∆10 eV2.
Complex Multiplication Symmetry Of Black Hole Attractors, Monika Lynker, Vipul Periwal, Rolf Schimmrigk
Complex Multiplication Symmetry Of Black Hole Attractors, Monika Lynker, Vipul Periwal, Rolf Schimmrigk
Faculty and Research Publications
We show how Moore’s observation, in the context of toroidal compactifications in type IIB string theory, concerning the complex multiplication structure of black hole attractor varieties, can be generalized to Calabi-Yau compactifications with finite fundamental groups. This generalization leads to an alternative general framework in terms of motives associated to a Calabi-Yau variety in which it is possible to address the arithmetic nature of the attractor varieties in a universal way via Deligne’s period conjecture.
High Resolution, High Sensitivity Imaging Of The Galactic Center At 330 Mhz, Michael E. Nord, Crystal L. Brogan, Scott D. Hyman, T. Joseph W. Lazio, Namir E. Kassim, Ted N. Larosa, K. Anantharamaiah, Nebojsa Duric
High Resolution, High Sensitivity Imaging Of The Galactic Center At 330 Mhz, Michael E. Nord, Crystal L. Brogan, Scott D. Hyman, T. Joseph W. Lazio, Namir E. Kassim, Ted N. Larosa, K. Anantharamaiah, Nebojsa Duric
Faculty and Research Publications
We present results derived from a wide field, sub-arcminute resolution VLA image of the Galactic Center region at 330 MHz (λ = 90 cm). With a resolution of ∼7″ × 12″ and an rms noise of 1.6 mJy beam−1, this image represents a significant increase in resolution and sensitivity over the previously published VLA image at this frequency (eg. LaRosa et al. 2000). The improvement in sensitivity has significantly increased the census of small diameter sources in the region, resulted in the detection of two new Non-Thermal Filaments (NTFs) and 18 new NTF candidates, and resulted in …
First-Principles Calculations For Nitrogen-Containing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, James P. Lewis, Mingwen Zhao, Yueyugan Xia, Ruiqin Zhang
First-Principles Calculations For Nitrogen-Containing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, James P. Lewis, Mingwen Zhao, Yueyugan Xia, Ruiqin Zhang
Faculty Publications
We present calculations for possible configurations of nitrogen-containing single-walled carbon nanotubes and their electronic properties obtained with the ab initio tight-binding FIREBALL method. It is found that nitrogen atoms can be energetically incorporated into the carbon network in three forms: Substitution, substitution with formation of a vacancy structure, and chemical adsorption. The different forms exhibit different local densities of states near the Fermi levels, which might suggest a potential method to control the electronic properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes
Astrophysical Plasma Diagnostics Through Analysis Of Ar Iine Shape Characteristics, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Stevan Djenize
Astrophysical Plasma Diagnostics Through Analysis Of Ar Iine Shape Characteristics, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Stevan Djenize
Articles
On the basis of five accurately recorded neutral argon ( ) line shapes (in the 4s-5p transition) we have recovered the basic plasma parameters i.e. electron temperature ( T) and electron density ( N) using our new line deconvolution procedure in the case of three different plasmas created in a linear, low-pressure, pulsed arc discharge. The mentioned plasma parameters have also been measured using independent experimental diagnostic techniques. An excellent agreement has been found among the two sets of obtained parameters. This recommends our deconvolution procedure for plasma diagnostic purposes, especially in astrophysics where direct measurements of the …
Observation Of And Model For Nonlinear Mode Conversion In A Non-Neutral Plasma, Grant W. Hart, Bryan G. Peterson, Ross L. Spencer
Observation Of And Model For Nonlinear Mode Conversion In A Non-Neutral Plasma, Grant W. Hart, Bryan G. Peterson, Ross L. Spencer
Faculty Publications
The nonlinear interaction of the two lowest Trivelpiece-Gould modes in a non-neutral plasma has been observed. Because of coupling in the nonlinear terms of the continuity and momentum equations, the two modes can exchange energy and convert one to the other. This can be modeled using the cold fluid equations and the averaging method. Experimentally, this process always stops with the lower frequency mode dominating the final state. Numerical integration of the model suggests that this occurs because the higher frequency mode is more strongly damped than the lower frequency mode.
The Flaring H2o Megamaser And Compact Radio Source In Markarian 348, A. B. Peck, C. Henkel, J. S. Ulvestad, A. Brunthaler, H. Falcke, Moshe Elitzur, K. M. Menten, J. F. Gallimore
The Flaring H2o Megamaser And Compact Radio Source In Markarian 348, A. B. Peck, C. Henkel, J. S. Ulvestad, A. Brunthaler, H. Falcke, Moshe Elitzur, K. M. Menten, J. F. Gallimore
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We report on single-dish monitoring and extremely high angular resolution observations of the flaring H2O megamaser in the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 348. The H2O line is redshifted by ~130 km s-1 with respect to the systemic velocity, is very broad, with an FWHM of 130 km s-1, and has no detectable high-velocity components within 1500 km s-1 on either side of the strong line. Monitoring observations made with the Effelsberg 100 m telescope show that the maser varies significantly on timescales as short as 1 day and that the integrated line …
Black Hole Attractor Varieties And Complex Multiplication, Monika Lynker, Vipul Periwal, Rolf Schimmrigk
Black Hole Attractor Varieties And Complex Multiplication, Monika Lynker, Vipul Periwal, Rolf Schimmrigk
Faculty and Research Publications
Black holes in string theory compactified on Calabi-Yau varieties a priori might be expected to have moduli dependent features. For example the entropy of the black hole might be expected to depend on the complex structure of the manifold. This would be inconsistent with known properties of black holes. Supersymmetric black holes appear to evade this inconsistency by having moduli fields that flow to fixed points in the moduli space that depend only on the charges of the black hole. Moore observed in the case of compactifications with elliptic curve factors that these fixed points are arithmetic, corresponding to curves …
Decay Of Trapped-Particle Asymmetry Modes In Non-Neutral Plasmas In A Malmberg-Penning Trap, Grant W. Mason
Decay Of Trapped-Particle Asymmetry Modes In Non-Neutral Plasmas In A Malmberg-Penning Trap, Grant W. Mason
Faculty Publications
The mechanism for the strong damping of diocotron-like azimuthal trapped-particle asymmetry modes in a Malmberg-Penning trap is investigated with a detailed three-dimensional particle-in-cell computer simulation. The m = 1,kzis not equal to 0 modes are created by a voltage squeeze from a mid-detector ring followed by a displacement of trapped particles in opposite directions on either side of the ring. The voltage squeeze creates a population of particles confined to half the trap length (trapped) and a population of particles that move longitudinally along the full length of the cylinder (untrapped). The damping of the modes is found to be …
Optically Oriented And Detected Electron Spin Resonance In A Lightly Doped N-Gaas Layer, John S. Colton, T. A. Kennedy, A. S. Bracker, D. Gammon, J. B. Miller
Optically Oriented And Detected Electron Spin Resonance In A Lightly Doped N-Gaas Layer, John S. Colton, T. A. Kennedy, A. S. Bracker, D. Gammon, J. B. Miller
Faculty Publications
Spin resonance of localized electrons bound to donors in a specially designed n-GaAs layer has been performed at 236 MHz and 41 mT, using circular polarized light to polarize the electrons and photoluminescence to detect the electronic polarization. The polarization was diminished under the resonance condition. The electronic g factor obtained by this measurement is - 0.41 ± 0.01. The resonance linewidth of 2 mT corresponds to a spin lifetime of 28 ns. In order to observe the electronic spin resonance, nuclear effects were eliminated by application of rf fields to simultaneously resonate the nuclear spins.
Cross Sections Spring 2003, Department Of Physics And Astronomy
Cross Sections Spring 2003, Department Of Physics And Astronomy
Cross Sections
No abstract provided.
Modes In A Non-Neutral Plasma Of Finite Length, M = 0,1, S. Neil Rasband, Ross L. Spencer
Modes In A Non-Neutral Plasma Of Finite Length, M = 0,1, S. Neil Rasband, Ross L. Spencer
Faculty Publications
For realistic, cold equilibria of finite length representing a pure electron plasma confined in a cylindrical Malmberg–Penning trap, the mode spectrum for Trivelpiece–Gould, m=0, and for diocotron, m=1, modes is calculated numerically. A novel method involving finite elements is used to successfully compute eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions for plasma equilibria shaped like pancakes, cigars, long cylinders, and all things in between. Mostly sharp-boundary density configurations are considered but also included in this study are diffuse density profiles including ones with peaks off axis leading to instabilities. In all cases the focus has been on elucidating the role of finite length in …
What The Universe Means To People Like Me, David D. Allred
What The Universe Means To People Like Me, David D. Allred
Faculty Publications
When I picked up David's paper to read it, I had a pencil in my hand. Years of reading my students' and my own papers made it natural to edit as I read. However, I heard in my mind the voice of my mother advising me to put the pencil down. This wasn't time to edit but to hear and understand. Still, I kept the pencil in my hand for the first few pages and made a few notes before I put it down and just read. I could hear David's voice speaking the words I read. It was good …
Neutral-Plasma Oscillations At Zero Temperature, Scott D. Bergeson, Ross L. Spencer
Neutral-Plasma Oscillations At Zero Temperature, Scott D. Bergeson, Ross L. Spencer
Faculty Publications
Cold plasma theory is used to calculate the response of an ultracold neutral plasma to an applied rf field. The free oscillation of the system has a continuous spectrum and an associated damped quasimode. This quasimode dominates the driven response and is resonant in the tail of the density distribution. Recent experiments used the plasma response to an applied rf field to determine the plasma density in an expanding ultracold plasma. The comparison between experiment and theory indicates that this method accurately determines the expansion velocity and underestimates the initial plasma density by a factor of 3 in weakly collisional …
Chemomechanical Surface Patterning And Functionalization Of Silicon Surfaces Using An Atomic Force Microscope, Brent A. Wascaser, Michael J. Maughan, Travis L. Niederhauser, Matthew R. Linford, Robert C. Davis, Ian A. Mowat
Chemomechanical Surface Patterning And Functionalization Of Silicon Surfaces Using An Atomic Force Microscope, Brent A. Wascaser, Michael J. Maughan, Travis L. Niederhauser, Matthew R. Linford, Robert C. Davis, Ian A. Mowat
Faculty Publications
Surface modification and patterning at the nanoscale is a frontier in science with significant possible applications in biomedical technology and nanoelectronics. Here we show that an atomic force microscope (AFM) can be employed to simultaneously pattern and functionalize hydrogen-terminated silicon (111) surfaces. The AFM probe was used to break Si-H and Si-Si bonds in the presence of reactive molecules, which covalently bonded to the scribed Si surface. Functionalized patches and patterned lines of molecules were produced. Linewidths down to 30 nm were made by varying the force at the tip
Chemical Abundances In Broad Emission Line Regions: The "Nitrogen-Loud'' Quasi-Stellar Object Q0353-383, J. A. Baldwin, F. Hamann, K. T. Korista, Gary J. Ferland, M. Dietrich, C. Warner
Chemical Abundances In Broad Emission Line Regions: The "Nitrogen-Loud'' Quasi-Stellar Object Q0353-383, J. A. Baldwin, F. Hamann, K. T. Korista, Gary J. Ferland, M. Dietrich, C. Warner
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
The intensity of the strong N V λ1240 line relative to C IV λ1549 or to He II λ1640 has been proposed as an indicator of the metallicity of quasi-stellar object (QSO) broad emission line regions, allowing abundance measurements in a large number of QSOs out to the highest redshifts. Previously, it had been shown that the (normally) much weaker lines N III] λ1750 and N IV] λ1486 could be used in the same way. The redshift 1.96 QSO 0353-383 has long been known to have N III] and N IV] lines that are far stronger relative to Lyα or …
The Mass Of Quasar Broad Emission Line Regions, J. A. Baldwin, Gary J. Ferland, K. T. Korista, F. Hamann, M. Dietrich
The Mass Of Quasar Broad Emission Line Regions, J. A. Baldwin, Gary J. Ferland, K. T. Korista, F. Hamann, M. Dietrich
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We show that the mass of ionized gas in the broad-line regions (BLRs) of luminous quasars is at least several hundred M☉, and probably of the order of 103-104 Msolar. BLR mass estimates in several existing textbooks suggest lower values but pertain to much less luminous Seyfert galaxies or include only a small fraction of the ionized/emitting volume of the BLR. The previous estimates also fail to include the large amounts of BLR gas that emit at low efficiency (in a given line) but that must be present based on reverberation and other …
Temperature Variations From Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy Of The Orion Nebula, R. H. Rubin, P. G. Martin, R. J. Dufour, Gary J. Ferland, K. P. M. Blagrave, X.-W. Liu, J. F. Nguyen, J. A. Baldwin
Temperature Variations From Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy Of The Orion Nebula, R. H. Rubin, P. G. Martin, R. J. Dufour, Gary J. Ferland, K. P. M. Blagrave, X.-W. Liu, J. F. Nguyen, J. A. Baldwin
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/STIS long-slit spectroscopy of NGC 1976. Our goal is to measure the intrinsic line ratio [O III] 4364/5008 and thereby evaluate the electron temperature (Te) and the fractional mean-square Te variation (t2A)across the nebula. We also measure the intrinsic line ratio [N II] 5756/6585 in order to estimate Te and t2A in the N+region. The interpretation of the [N II] data is not as clear cut as the [O III] data because of a higher sensitivity to knowledge …
The Ionizing Efficiency Of The First Stars, Aparna Venkatesan, James W. Truran
The Ionizing Efficiency Of The First Stars, Aparna Venkatesan, James W. Truran
Physics and Astronomy
We investigate whether a single population of first stars could have influenced both the metal enrichment and reionization of the high-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM), by calculating the generated ionizing radiation per unit metal yield as a function of the metallicity of stellar populations. We examine the relation between the ionizing radiation and carbon created by the first stars, since the evidence for the widespread enrichment of the IGM at redshifts z about 3-4 comes from the detection of C IV absorption. We find that the number of ionizing photons per baryon generated in association with the detected IGM metallicity may …
Inner-Shell Photoexcitation Of Fe Xv And Fe Xvi, R. Kisielius, A. Hibbert, Gary J. Ferland, M. E. Foord, S. J. Rose, P. A. M. Vanhoof, F. P. Keenan
Inner-Shell Photoexcitation Of Fe Xv And Fe Xvi, R. Kisielius, A. Hibbert, Gary J. Ferland, M. E. Foord, S. J. Rose, P. A. M. Vanhoof, F. P. Keenan
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
The configuration-interaction method as implemented in the computer code CIV3 is used to determine energy levels, electric dipole radiative transition wavelengths, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for inner-shell excitation of transitions in Fe XV and Fe XVI. Specifically, transitions are considered of the type 1s22s22p63s2–1s22s22p53l3l′3l′′ (l, l′ and l′′= s, p or d) in Fe XV and 1s22s22p63s–1s22s22p53l3l′ (l …
Inverted Velocity Profile In The Cylindrical Couette Flow Of A Rarefied Gas, Alejandro Garcia, K. Aoki, H. Yoshida, T. Nakanishi
Inverted Velocity Profile In The Cylindrical Couette Flow Of A Rarefied Gas, Alejandro Garcia, K. Aoki, H. Yoshida, T. Nakanishi
Faculty Publications
The cylindrical Couette flow of a rarefied gas is investigated, under the diffuse-specular reflection condition of Maxwell’s type on the cylinders, in the case where the inner cylinder is rotating whereas the outer cylinder is at rest. The inverted velocity profile for small accommodation coefficients, pointed out by Tibbs, Baras, and Garcia [Phys. Rev. E 56, 2282 (1997)] on the basis of a Monte Carlo simulation, is investigated extensively by means of a systematic asymptotic analysis for small Knudsen numbers as well as the direct numerical analysis of the Boltzmann equation, and the parameter range in which the phenomenon appears …
A Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method For The Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann Equation, Alejandro Garcia, W. Wagner
A Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method For The Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann Equation, Alejandro Garcia, W. Wagner
Faculty Publications
In this paper we describe a direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm for the Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann equation in terms of Markov processes. This provides a unifying framework for both the classical Boltzmann case as well as the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein cases. We establish the foundation of the algorithm by demonstrating its link to the kinetic equation. By numerical experiments we study its sensitivity to the number of simulation particles and to the discretization of the velocity space, when approximating the steady-state distribution.
Feedback From The First Supernovae In Protogalaxies: The Fate Of The Generated Metals, Keiichi Wada, Aparna Venkatesan
Feedback From The First Supernovae In Protogalaxies: The Fate Of The Generated Metals, Keiichi Wada, Aparna Venkatesan
Physics and Astronomy
We investigate the chemo-dynamical effects of multiple supernova explosions in the central region of primordial galaxies using three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the inhomogenous interstellar medium down to parsec-scales. We find that the final protogalactic structure and metal distribution depend strongly on the number of SNe. Specifically, 1) 1000 SNe after an instantaneous burst of star formation are sufficient to almost completely blow away the gas in these systems, whereas 2) 100 SN explosions trigger the collapse of the protogalactic cloud, leading to the formation of a cold, dense clumpy disk (n > 300 cm^-3) with metallicity, Z = 4 10^-4 Z_sun. …
Cosmological Effects Of The First Stars: Evolving Spectra Of Population Iii, Jason Tumlinson, J Shull, Aparna Venkatesan
Cosmological Effects Of The First Stars: Evolving Spectra Of Population Iii, Jason Tumlinson, J Shull, Aparna Venkatesan
Physics and Astronomy
The first stars hold intrinsic interest for their uniqueness and for their potentially important contributions to galaxy formation, chemical enrichment, and feedback on the intergalactic medium (IGM). Although the sources of cosmological reionization are unknown at present, the declining population of large bright quasars at redshifts z > 3 implies that stars are the leading candidates for the sources that reionized the hydrogen in the IGM by z ~ 6. The metal-free composition of the first stars restricts the stellar energy source to proton-proton burning rather than the more efficient CNO cycle. Consequently, they are hotter, smaller, and have harder spectra …
Evolving Spectra Of Population Iii Stars: Consequences For Cosmological Reionization, Aparna Venkatesan, Jason Tumlinson, J Shull
Evolving Spectra Of Population Iii Stars: Consequences For Cosmological Reionization, Aparna Venkatesan, Jason Tumlinson, J Shull
Physics and Astronomy
We examine the significance of the first metal-free stars (Population III) for the cosmological reionization of H I and He II. These stars have unusually hard spectra, with the integrated ionizing photon rates from a Population III stellar cluster for H I and He II being 1.6 and 105 times stronger, respectively, than those from a Population II cluster. For the currently favored cosmology, we find that Population III stars alone can reionize H I at redshifts of z 9 and 4.7 and He II at z 5.1 and 0.7 for continuous and instantaneous modes of star formation, respectively. …
Measurement Of The Stochasticity Of Low-Latitude Geomagnetic Temporal Variations, Mark Anthony Reynolds, James A. Wanliss
Measurement Of The Stochasticity Of Low-Latitude Geomagnetic Temporal Variations, Mark Anthony Reynolds, James A. Wanliss
Publications
Ground magnetometer measurements of total magnetic field strength from 6 stations at low latitudes were analyzed using power spectrum and Hurst range scaling techniques. The Hurst exponents for most of these time-series were near 0.5, which indicates stochasticity, with the highest latitude stations exhibiting some persistence with Hurst exponents greater than 0.6. Although no definite correlations are evident, the relative increase of the Hurst exponent with latitude suggests the possibility that the underlying dynamics of the magnetosphere change with latitude. This result may help quantify the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere itself without the direct presence of the solar wind …