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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Physics
In Defence Of The Self-Location Uncertainty Account Of Probability In The Many-Worlds Interpretation, Kelvin J. Mcqueen, Lev Vaidman
In Defence Of The Self-Location Uncertainty Account Of Probability In The Many-Worlds Interpretation, Kelvin J. Mcqueen, Lev Vaidman
Philosophy Faculty Articles and Research
We defend the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics (MWI) against the objection that it cannot explain why measurement outcomes are predicted by the Born probability rule. We understand quantum probabilities in terms of an observer's self-location probabilities. We formulate a probability postulate for the MWI: the probability of self-location in a world with a given set of outcomes is the absolute square of that world's amplitude. We provide a proof of this postulate, which assumes the quantum formalism and two principles concerning symmetry and locality. We also show how a structurally similar proof of the Born rule is available for …
Gravitational Sensing With Weak Value Based Optical Sensors, Andrew N. Jordan, Philippe Lewalle, Jeff Tollaksen, John C. Howell
Gravitational Sensing With Weak Value Based Optical Sensors, Andrew N. Jordan, Philippe Lewalle, Jeff Tollaksen, John C. Howell
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Using weak value amplification angular resolution limits, we theoretically investigate the gravitational sensing of objects. By inserting a force-sensing pendulum into a weak value interferometer, the optical response can sense accelerations to a few 10’s of zepto-g Hz-1/2, with optical powers of 1 mW. We convert this precision into range and mass sensitivity, focusing in detail on simple and torsion pendula. Various noise sources present are discussed, as well as the necessary cooling that should be applied to reach the desired levels of precision.
Completely Top–Down Hierarchical Structure In Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Jeff Tollaksen
Completely Top–Down Hierarchical Structure In Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Jeff Tollaksen
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Can a large system be fully characterized using its subsystems via inductive reasoning? Is it possible to completely reduce the behavior of a complex system to the behavior of its simplest “atoms”? In this paper we answer these questions in the negative for a specific class of systems and measurements. After a general introduction of the topic, we present the main idea with a simple two-particle example, where strong correlations arise between two apparently empty boxes. This leads to surprising effects within atomic and electromagnetic systems. A general construction based on preand postselected ensembles is then suggested, wherein the Nbody …
The Weak Reality That Makes Quantum Phenomena More Natural: Novel Insights And Experiments, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Mordecai Waegell, Avshalom C. Elitzur
The Weak Reality That Makes Quantum Phenomena More Natural: Novel Insights And Experiments, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Mordecai Waegell, Avshalom C. Elitzur
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
While quantum reality can be probed through measurements, the Two-State Vector Formalism (TSVF) reveals a subtler reality prevailing between measurements. Under special pre- and post-selections, odd physical values emerge. This unusual picture calls for a deeper study. Instead of the common, wave-based picture of quantum mechanics, we suggest a new, particle-based perspective: Each particle possesses a definite location throughout its evolution, while some of its physical variables (characterized by deterministic operators, some of which obey nonlocal equations of motion) are carried by “mirage particles” accounting for its unique behavior. Within the time interval between pre- and post-selection, the particle gives …
Compressive Direct Imaging Of A Billion-Dimensional Optical Phase Space, Samuel H. Knarr, Daniel J. Lum, James Schneeloch, John C. Howell
Compressive Direct Imaging Of A Billion-Dimensional Optical Phase Space, Samuel H. Knarr, Daniel J. Lum, James Schneeloch, John C. Howell
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Optical phase spaces represent fields of any spatial coherence and are typically measured through phase-retrieval methods involving a computational inversion, optical interference, or a resolution-limiting lenslet array. Recently, a weak-values technique demonstrated that a beam's Dirac phase space is proportional to the measurable complex weak value, regardless of coherence. These direct measurements require raster scanning through all position-polarization couplings, limiting their dimensionality to less than 100 000 [C. Bamber and J. S. Lundeen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 070405 (2014)]. We circumvent these limitations using compressive sensing, a numerical protocol that allows us to undersample, yet efficiently measure, high-dimensional phase spaces. …
Locality And Nonlocality In The Interaction-Free Measurement, Daniel Rohrlich, Yakir Aharonov, Tomer Landsberger
Locality And Nonlocality In The Interaction-Free Measurement, Daniel Rohrlich, Yakir Aharonov, Tomer Landsberger
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We present a paradox involving a particle and a mirror. They exchange a nonlocal quantity, modular angular momentum Lz mod 2ћ, but there seems to be no local interaction between them that allows such an exchange. We demonstrate that the particle and mirror do interact locally via a weak local current 〈Lz mod 2ћ〉w. In this sense, we transform the “interaction-free measurement” of Elitzur and Vaidman, in which two local quantities (the positions of a photon and a bomb in the two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer) interact nonlocally, into a thought experiment in which two …
Strengthening Weak Measurements Of Qubit Out-Of-Time-Order Correlators, Justin Dressel, José Raúl González Alonso, Mordecai Waegell, Nicole Yunger Halpern
Strengthening Weak Measurements Of Qubit Out-Of-Time-Order Correlators, Justin Dressel, José Raúl González Alonso, Mordecai Waegell, Nicole Yunger Halpern
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
For systems of controllable qubits,we provide amethod for experimentally obtaining a useful class of multitime correlators using sequential generalized measurements of arbitrary strength. Specifically, if a correlator can be expressed as an average of nested (anti)commutators of operators that square to the identity, then that correlator can be determined exactly from the average of a measurement sequence. As a relevant example, we provide quantum circuits for measuring multiqubit out-of-time-order correlators using optimized control-Z or ZX-90 two-qubit gates common in superconducting transmon implementations.
Quantum Mechanics And Global Determinism, Emily Christine Adlam
Quantum Mechanics And Global Determinism, Emily Christine Adlam
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
It is proposed that certain features of quantum mechanics may be perspectival effects, which arise because experiments performed on locally accessible variables can only uncover a certain subset of the correlations exhibited by an underlying deterministic theory. This hypothesis is used to derive the no-signaling principle, thus resolving an open question regarding the apparently fine-tuned nature of quantum correlations. Some potential objections to this approach are then discussed and answered.
Generalized Fock Spaces And The Stirling Numbers, Daniel Alpay, Motke Porat
Generalized Fock Spaces And The Stirling Numbers, Daniel Alpay, Motke Porat
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The Bargmann-Fock-Segal space plays an important role in mathematical physics and has been extended into a number of directions. In the present paper, we imbed this space into a Gelfand triple. The spaces forming the Fréchet part (i.e., the space of test functions) of the triple are characterized both in a geometric way and in terms of the adjoint of multiplication by the complex variable, using the Stirling numbers of the second kind. The dual of the space of test functions has a topological algebra structure, of the kind introduced and studied by the first named author and Salomon.
Short-Wave Infrared Compressive Imaging Of Single Photons, Thomas Gerrits, Daniel J. Lum, Varun B. Verma, John C. Howell, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam
Short-Wave Infrared Compressive Imaging Of Single Photons, Thomas Gerrits, Daniel J. Lum, Varun B. Verma, John C. Howell, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We present a short-wave infrared (SWIR) single photon camera based on a single superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) and compressive imaging. We show SWIR single photon imaging at a megapixel resolution with a low signal-to-background ratio around 0.6, show SWIR video acquisition at 20 frames per second and 64x64 pixel video resolution, and demonstrate sub-nanosecond resolution time-of-flight imaging. All scenes were sampled by detecting only a small number of photons for each compressive sampling matrix. In principle, our technique can be used for imaging faint objects in the mid-IR regime.
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Compressive Depth Mapping, Daniel J. Lum, Samuel H. Knarr, John C. Howell
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Compressive Depth Mapping, Daniel J. Lum, Samuel H. Knarr, John C. Howell
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We present an inexpensive architecture for converting a frequency-modulated continuous-wave LiDAR system into a compressive-sensing based depth-mapping camera. Instead of raster scanning to obtain depth-maps, compressive sensing is used to significantly reduce the number of measurements. Ideally, our approach requires two difference detectors. Due to the large flux entering the detectors, the signal amplification from heterodyne detection, and the effects of background subtraction from compressive sensing, the system can obtain higher signal-to-noise ratios over detector-array based schemes while scanning a scene faster than is possible through raster-scanning. Moreover, by efficiently storing only 2m data points from m < n measurements of an n pixel scene, we can easily extract depths by solving only two linear equations with efficient convex-optimization methods.
Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Lidar Compressive Depth-Mapping, Daniel J. Lum, Samuel H. Knarr, John C. Howell
Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Lidar Compressive Depth-Mapping, Daniel J. Lum, Samuel H. Knarr, John C. Howell
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We present an inexpensive architecture for converting a frequency-modulated continuous-wave LiDAR system into a compressive-sensing based depth-mapping camera. Instead of raster scanning to obtain depth-maps, compressive sensing is used to significantly reduce the number of measurements. Ideally, our approach requires two difference detectors. Due to the large flux entering the detectors, the signal amplification from heterodyne detection, and the effects of background subtraction from compressive sensing, the system can obtain higher signal-to-noise ratios over detector-array based schemes while scanning a scene faster than is possible through raster-scanning. Moreover, by efficiently storing only 2m data points from m < n measurements of an n pixel scene, we can easily extract depths by solving only two linear equations with efficient convex-optimization methods.
Weak Values From Strong Interactions In Neutron Interferometry, Tobias Denkmayr, Justin Dressel, Hermann Geppert-Kleinrath, Yuji Hasegawa, Stephan Sponar
Weak Values From Strong Interactions In Neutron Interferometry, Tobias Denkmayr, Justin Dressel, Hermann Geppert-Kleinrath, Yuji Hasegawa, Stephan Sponar
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
In their original framework weak values must be measured by weak measurements that are minimally disturbing, meaning that the coupling between an investigated quantum system and a measurement device has no influence on the evolution of the system. However, under certain circumstances this weakness of the interaction is not necessary. In that case weak values can still be exactly determined from the statistics of the outcomes of arbitrary-strength generalized measurements. Here, we report an experimental procedure for neutron matter-waves that extends the notion of generalized eigenvalues for the neutron’s path system to allow the exact determination of weak values using …
Quasiprobability Behind The Out-Of-Time-Ordered Correlator, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Brian Swingle, Justin Dressel
Quasiprobability Behind The Out-Of-Time-Ordered Correlator, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Brian Swingle, Justin Dressel
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Two topics, evolving rapidly in separate fields, were combined recently: the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) signals quantum-information scrambling in many-body systems. The Kirkwood-Dirac (KD) quasiprobability represents operators in quantum optics. The OTOC was shown to equal a moment of a summed quasiprobability [Yunger Halpern, Phys. Rev. A 95, 012120 (2017)]. That quasiprobability, we argue, is an extension of the KD distribution. We explore the quasiprobability's structure from experimental, numerical, and theoretical perspectives. First, we simplify and analyze Yunger Halpern's weak-measurement and interference protocols for measuring the OTOC and its quasiprobability. We decrease, exponentially in system size, the number of trials …
Is The Quilted Multiverse Consistent With A Thermodynamic Arrow Of Time?, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Tomer Shushi
Is The Quilted Multiverse Consistent With A Thermodynamic Arrow Of Time?, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Tomer Shushi
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Theoretical achievements, as well as much controversy, surround multiverse theory. Various types of multiverses, with an increasing amount of complexity, were suggested and thoroughly discussed in literature by now. While these types are very different, they all share the same basic idea: our physical reality consists of more than just one universe. Each universe within a possibly huge multiverse might be slightly or even very different from the others. The quilted multiverse is one of these types, whose uniqueness arises from the postulate that every possible event will occur infinitely many times in infinitely many universes. In this paper we …
Knowledge-Concealing Evidencing Of Knowledge About A Quantum State, Emily Adlam, Adrian Kent
Knowledge-Concealing Evidencing Of Knowledge About A Quantum State, Emily Adlam, Adrian Kent
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Bob has a black box that emits a single pure state qudit which is, from his perspective, uniformly distributed. Alice wishes to give Bob evidence that she has knowledge about the emitted state while giving him little or no information about it. We show that zero-knowledge evidencing of such knowledge is impossible in quantum relativistic protocols, extending a previous result of Horodecki, Horodecki, and Horodecki. We also show that no such protocol can be both sound and complete. We present a new quantum relativistic protocol which we conjecture to be close to optimal in security against Alice and which reveals …
Incoherent Qubit Control Using The Quantum Zeno Effect, S. Hachohen-Gourgy, L. P. García-Pintos, L. S. Martin, Justin Dressel, I. Siddiqi
Incoherent Qubit Control Using The Quantum Zeno Effect, S. Hachohen-Gourgy, L. P. García-Pintos, L. S. Martin, Justin Dressel, I. Siddiqi
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The quantum Zeno effect is the suppression of Hamiltonian evolution by repeated observation, which pins the system to an eigenstate of the measurement observable. Using measurement alone, control of the state can be achieved if the observable is slowly varied, so that the state tracks the now time-dependent eigenstate. We demonstrate this using a circuit-QED readout technique that couples to a dynamically controllable observable of a qubit. Continuous monitoring of the measurement record allows us to detect an escape from the eigenstate, thus serving as a built-in form of error detection. We show this by postselecting on realizations with high …
Spooky Action At A (Temporal) Distance, Emily Adlam
Spooky Action At A (Temporal) Distance, Emily Adlam
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Since the discovery of Bell’s theorem, the physics community has come to take seriously the possibility that the universe might contain physical processes which are spatially nonlocal, but there has been no such revolution with regard to the possibility of temporally nonlocal processes. In this article, we argue that the assumption of temporal locality is actively limiting progress in the field of quantum foundations. We investigate the origins of the assumption, arguing that it has arisen for historical and pragmatic reasons rather than good scientific ones, then explain why temporal locality is in tension with relativity and review some recent …
The Participating Mind In The Quantum Universe, Menas Kafatos, Keun-Hang Susan Yang
The Participating Mind In The Quantum Universe, Menas Kafatos, Keun-Hang Susan Yang
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The Orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics, which followed the Copenhagen Interpretation but was enhanced by primarily Werner Heisenberg and John von Neumann into a fully developed theory, brought in, among others, the role of measurement, available choices and response of the quantum system. It is, more consistent and clear than other interpretations of quantum mechanics as it provides account of the interactions of observers with the external world. As such, the Orthodox interpretation does a lot more than just account for physical interactions in the atomic world, which was the original goal of quantum mechanics in the early part of …
Geometroneurodynamics And Neuroscience, Keun-Hang Susan Yang, Menas Kafatos
Geometroneurodynamics And Neuroscience, Keun-Hang Susan Yang, Menas Kafatos
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The Orthodox Interpretation of quantum mechanics, as developed by many physicists, particularly John von Neumann, addresses the role of measurement, available choices and response of the quantum system to questions posed by an observer in specific quantum laboratory experiments. As such, it is, more consistent and clearer than other interpretations of quantum mechanics and it provides an account of the interactions of observers with the external world. However, in order to explore whether quantum mechanics plays a role in the brain, which is the primary issue, one has to examine the applicability of Hilbert space structure as a valid geometric …