Physics | Open Access Articles | Digital Commons Network™

Fractional Complex Transform Method For Wave Equations On Cantor Sets Within Local Fractional Differential Operator, Xiao-Jun Yang

Xiao-Jun Yang

This paper points out the fractional complex transform method for wave equations on Cantor sets within the local differential fractional operators. The proposed method is efficient to handle differential equations on Cantor sets.

Go to article

Damped Wave Equation And Dissipative Wave Equation In Fractal Strings Within The Local Fractional Variational Iteration Method, Xiao-Jun Yang

Xiao-Jun Yang

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Cantor-Type Cylindrical-Coordinate Method For Differential Equations With Local Fractional Derivatives, Xiao-Jun Yang

Xiao-Jun Yang

In this Letter, we propose to use the Cantor-type cylindrical-coordinate method in order to investigate a family of local fractional differential operators on Cantor sets. Some testing examples are given to illustrate the capability of the proposed method for the heat-conduction equation on a Cantor set and the damped wave equation in fractal strings. It is seen to be a powerful tool to convert differential equations on Cantor sets from Cantorian-coordinate systems to Cantor-type cylindrical-coordinate systems.

Go to article

Stable, Tunable, Quasimonoenergetic Electron Beams Produced In A Laser Wakefield Near The Threshold For Self-Injection, Sudeep Banerjee, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Nathan D. Powers, Gregory Golovin, Vidiya Ramanathan, Nathan J. Cunningham, Kevin J. Brown, Shouyuan Chen, Isaac Ghebregziabher, Bradley A. Shadwick, Donald P. Umstadter, Benjamin A. Cowan, David L. Bruhwiler, Arnaud Beck, Erik Lefebvre

Donald P. Umstadter

Stable operation of a laser-plasma accelerator near the threshold for electron self-injection in the blowout regime has been demonstrated with 25–60 TW, 30 fs laser pulses focused into a 3–4 millimeter length gas jet. Nearly Gaussian shape and high nanosecond contrast of the focused pulse appear to be critically important for controllable, tunable generation of 250–430 MeV electron bunches with a low energy spread, ~ 10 pC charge, a few-mrad divergence and pointing stability, and a vanishingly small low-energy background. The physical nature of the near-threshold behavior is examined using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Simulations indicate that properly locating the nonlinear …

Go to article

Stable, Tunable, Quasimonoenergetic Electron Beams Produced In A Laser Wakefield Near The Threshold For Self-Injection, Sudeep Banerjee, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Nathan D. Powers, Gregory Golovin, Vidiya Ramanathan, Nathan J. Cunningham, Kevin J. Brown, Shouyuan Chen, Isaac Ghebregziabher, Bradley A. Shadwick, Donald P. Umstadter, Benjamin A. Cowan, David L. Bruhwiler, Arnaud Beck, Erik Lefebvre

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Stable operation of a laser-plasma accelerator near the threshold for electron self-injection in the blowout regime has been demonstrated with 25–60 TW, 30 fs laser pulses focused into a 3–4 millimeter length gas jet. Nearly Gaussian shape and high nanosecond contrast of the focused pulse appear to be critically important for controllable, tunable generation of 250–430 MeV electron bunches with a low energy spread, ~ 10 pC charge, a few-mrad divergence and pointing stability, and a vanishingly small low-energy background. The physical nature of the near-threshold behavior is examined using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Simulations indicate that properly locating the nonlinear …

Go to article

Battery Energy Storage System In Solar Power Generation, Radhey Shyam Meena Er., Deepa Sharma

Radhey Shyam Meena

Grid-connected solar PV dramatically changes the load profile of an electric utility customer. The expected widespread adoption of solar generation by customers on the distribution system poses significant challenges to system operators both in transient and steady state operation, from issues including voltage swings, sudden weather-induced changes in generation, and legacy protective devices designed with one-way power flow in mind

Go to article

Fractal Heat Conduction Problem Solved By Local Fractional Variation Iteration Method, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

This paper points out a novel local fractional variational iteration method for processing the local fractional heat conduction equation arising in fractal heat transfer.

Go to article

Dark-Current-Free Laser-Plasma Acceleration In Blowout Regime Using Nonlinear Plasma Lens, Serguei Y. Kalmykov

Serge Youri Kalmykov

It is demonstrated that a thin dense plasma slab (lens), placed before a multi-centimeter-length, low-density plasma (accelerator), overfocuses an incident petawatt laser pulse at a controlled location inside the accelerator, creating an expanding electron density bubble that traps plasma electrons over a brief time interval. As soon as the pulse stabilizes and self-guiding begins, the bubble stabilizes and transforms into the first (non-broken) bucket of a conventional three-dimensional nonlinear plasma wave, eliminating any chance for further injection. A well collimated, quasi-monoenergetic electron bunch with a zero low-energy background further accelerates to a multi-GeV energy.

Go to article

Battery Energy Storage System In Solar Power Generation, Radhey Shyam Meena Er.

Radhey Shyam Meena

As solar photovoltaic power generation becomes more commonplace, the inherent intermittency of the solar resource poses one of the great challenges to those who would design and implement the next generation smart grid. Specifically, grid-tied solar power generation is a distributed resource whose output can change extremely rapidly, resulting in many issues for the distribution system operator with a large quantity of installed photovoltaic devices. Battery energy storage systems are increasingly being used to help integrate solar power into the grid. These systems are capable of absorbing and delivering both real and reactive power with sub-second response times. With these …

Go to article

A Cauchy Problem For Some Local Fractional Abstract Differential Equation With Fractal Conditions, Yang Xiaojun, Zhong Weiping, Gao Feng

Xiao-Jun Yang

Fractional calculus is an important method for mathematics and engineering [1-24]. In this paper, we review the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the local fractional differential equation with fractal conditions \[ D^\alpha x\left( t \right)=f\left( {t,x\left( t \right)} \right),t\in \left[ {0,T} \right], x\left( {t_0 } \right)=x_0 , \] where $0<\alpha \le 1$ in a generalized Banach space. We use some new tools from Local Fractional Functional Analysis [25, 26] to obtain the results.

Go to article

Mechaniczny Rozdział Faz Proj., Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Challenges And Prospects Of Processes Utilising Carbonic Anhydrase For Co2 Separation, Patrycja Szeligiewicz, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

This article provides an analysis of processes for separation CO2 by using carbonic anhydrase enzyme with particular emphasis on reactive-membrane solutions. Three available processes are characterised. Main challenges and prospects are given. It is found that in view of numerous challenges practical applications of these processes will be difficult in near future. Further research is therefore needed for improving existing processes through finding methods for eliminating their main drawbacks such as short lifetime of carbonic anhydrase or low resistance of reactive membrane systems to impurities contained in flue gases from power plants.

Go to article

Determination Of Kinetic Parameters From The Thermogravimetric Data Set Of Biomass Samples, Karol Postawa, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

This article describes methods of the determination of kinetic parameters from the thermogravimetric data set of biomass samples. It presents the methodology of the research, description of the needed equipment, and the method of analysis of thermogravimetric data. It describes both methodology of obtaining quantitative data such as kinetic parameters as well as of obtaining qualitative data like the composition of biomass. The study is focused mainly on plant biomass because it is easy in harvesting and preparation. Methodology is shown on the sample containing corn stover which is subsequently pyrolysed. The investigated sample show the kinetic of first order …

Go to article

Petawatt-Laser-Driven Wakefield Acceleration Of Electrons To 2 Gev In 10^{17} Cm^{-3} Plasma, Xiaoming Wang, Rafal B. Zgadzaj, Neil Fazel, Sunghwan A. Yi, X. Zhang, Watson Henderson, Yen-Yu Zhang, Rick Korzekwa, Hai-En Tsai, C.-H. Pai, Zhengyan Li, Hernan Quevedo, Gilliss Dyer, Erhard W. Gaul, Mikael Martinez, Aaron Bernstein, Ted Borger, M. Spinks, M. Donovan, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Vladimir N. Khudik, Gennady Shvets, Todd Ditmire, Michael C. Downer

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Electron self-injection into a laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) driven by the Texas Petawatt (TPW) laser is reported at plasma densities 1.7 - 6.2 x 10^{17} cm^{-3}. Energy and charge of the electron beam, ranging from 0.5 GeV to 2 GeV and tens to hundreds of pC, respectively, depended strongly on laser beam quality and plasma density. Angular beam divergence was consistently around 0.5 mrad (FWHM), while shot-to-shot pointing fluctuations were limited to ±1.4 mrad rms. Betatron x-rays with tens of keV photon energy are also clearly observed.

Go to article

Sub-Millimeter-Scale, 100-Mev-Class Quasi-Monoenergetic Laser Plasma Accelerator Based On All-Optical Control Of Dark Current In The Blowout Regime, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Xavier Davoine, Bradley A. Shadwick

Serge Youri Kalmykov

It is demonstrated that by negatively chirping the frequency of a 20-fs, 15-TW driving laser pulse with an ultrabroad bandwidth (corresponding to a sub-2-cycle transform-limited duration it is possible to prevent early compression of the pulse into an optical shock, thus reducing expansion of the accelerating plasma bucket (electron density "bubble") and delaying dephasing of self-injected and accelerated electrons. These features help suppress unwanted continuous self-injection (dark current) in the blowout regime, making possible to use the entire dephasing length to generate low-background, quasi-monoenergetic 200-MeV-scale electron beams from sub-mm-length, dense plasmas (n_{e0} = 1.3 x 10^{19} cm^{−3}).

Go to article

One-Phase Problems For Discontinuous Heat Transfer In Fractal Media, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

We first propose the fractal models for the one-phase problems of discontinuous transient heat transfer.The models are taken in sense of local fractional differential operator and used to describe the (dimensionless)melting of fractal solid semi-infinite materials initially at their melt temperatures.

Go to article

Local Fractional Fourier Series With Application To Wave Equation In Fractal Vibrating String, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

We introduce the wave equation in fractal vibrating string in the framework of the local fractional calculus. Our particular attention is devoted to the technique of the local fractional Fourier series for processing these local fractional differential operators in a way accessible to applied scientists. By applying this technique we derive the local fractional Fourier series solution of the local fractional wave equation in fractal vibrating string and show the fundamental role of the Mittag- Leffler function.

Go to article

Relativistic Solution Of The N-Body Problem (Ii), Jorge A. Franco

Jorge A Franco

This work is the continuation of the classical approach described in previous paper for constant masses. In here the solution of the movement of a group of N gravitationally attracting bodies around its center of mass CM, given their initial positions and velocities, is developed for variable masses under the Theory of Vectorial Relativity. The strategy of realizing special physical characteristics of forces on the the CM and properties of the reduced mass in the solution of the two-body problem, allowed extending the Newton’s Universal Gravitation Law for applying to two or more attracting bodies, and also allowed operating on …

Go to article

Switch Yard Operation In Thermal Power Plant(Katpp Jhalawar Rajasthan), Radhey Shyam Meena Er.

Radhey Shyam Meena

Switchyard Provides the facilities for switching ,protection & Control of electric power. To handle high Voltage power with proper Safety measures. To isolate the noises coming from the grid with true 50Hz power SWITCH YARD IS IMPORTANT PART IN THERMAL PLANT. IN KALISINDH THERMAL 400KV AND 220KV SWITCH YARD LOCATED.

Go to article

Computationally Efficient Methods For Modelling Laser Wakefield Acceleration In The Blowout Regime, Benjamin M. Cowan, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Arnaud Beck, Xavier Davoine, Kyle Bunkers, Agustin F. Lifschitz, Erik Lefebvre, David L. Bruhwiler, Bradley A. Shadwick, Donald P. Umstadter

Donald P. Umstadter

Electron self-injection and acceleration until dephasing in the blowout regime is studied for a set of initial conditions typical of recent experiments with 100-terawatt-class lasers. Two different approaches to computationally efficient, fully explicit, 3D particle-in-cell modelling are examined. First, the Cartesian code VORPAL (Nieter, C. and Cary, J. R. 2004 VORPAL: a versatile plasma simulation code. J. Comput. Phys. 196, 538) using a perfect-dispersion electromagnetic solver precisely describes the laser pulse and bubble dynamics, taking advantage of coarser resolution in the propagation direction, with a proportionally larger time step. Using third-order splines for macroparticles helps suppress the sampling noise while …

Go to article

Computationally Efficient Methods For Modelling Laser Wakefield Acceleration In The Blowout Regime, Benjamin M. Cowan, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Arnaud Beck, Xavier Davoine, Kyle Bunkers, Agustin F. Lifschitz, Erik Lefebvre, David L. Bruhwiler, Bradley A. Shadwick, Donald P. Umstadter

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Electron self-injection and acceleration until dephasing in the blowout regime is studied for a set of initial conditions typical of recent experiments with 100-terawatt-class lasers. Two different approaches to computationally efficient, fully explicit, 3D particle-in-cell modelling are examined. First, the Cartesian code VORPAL (Nieter, C. and Cary, J. R. 2004 VORPAL: a versatile plasma simulation code. J. Comput. Phys. 196, 538) using a perfect-dispersion electromagnetic solver precisely describes the laser pulse and bubble dynamics, taking advantage of coarser resolution in the propagation direction, with a proportionally larger time step. Using third-order splines for macroparticles helps suppress the sampling noise while …

Go to article

Variational Iteration Method For Q-Difference Equations Of Second Order, Guo-Cheng Wu

G.C. Wu

Recently, Liu extended He's variational iteration method to strongly nonlinear q-difference equations. In this study, the iteration formula and the Lagrange multiplier are given in a more accurate way. The q-oscillation equation of second order is approximately solved to show the new Lagrange multiplier's validness.

Go to article

Generation Of Tunable, 100–800 Mev Quasi-Monoenergetic Electron Beams From A Laser-Wakefield Accelerator In The Blowout Regime, Sudeep Banerjee, Nathan D. Powers, Vidiya Ramanathan, Isaac Ghebregziabher, Kevin J. Brown, Chakra M. Maharjan, Shouyuan Chen, Arnaud Beck, Erik Lefebvre, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Bradley A. Shadwick, Donald P. Umstadter

Donald P. Umstadter

In this paper, we present results on a scalable high-energy electron source based on laser wakefield acceleration. The electron accelerator using 30 - 80 TW, 30 fs laser pulses, operates in the blowout regime, and produces high-quality, quasi-monoenergetic electron beams in the range 100 - 800 MeV. These beams have angular divergence of 1 - 4 mrad, and 5 - 25 percent energy spread, with a resulting brightness 10^{11} electrons mm^{-2} MeV^{-1} mrad^{-2}. The beam parameters can be tuned by varying the laser and plasma conditions. The use of a high-quality laser pulse and appropriate target conditions enables optimization of …

Go to article

Generation Of Tunable, 100–800 Mev Quasi-Monoenergetic Electron Beams From A Laser-Wakefield Accelerator In The Blowout Regime, Sudeep Banerjee, Nathan D. Powers, Vidiya Ramanathan, Isaac Ghebregziabher, Kevin J. Brown, Chakra M. Maharjan, Shouyuan Chen, Arnaud Beck, Erik Lefebvre, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Bradley A. Shadwick, Donald P. Umstadter

Serge Youri Kalmykov

In this paper, we present results on a scalable high-energy electron source based on laser wakefield acceleration. The electron accelerator using 30 - 80 TW, 30 fs laser pulses, operates in the blowout regime, and produces high-quality, quasi-monoenergetic electron beams in the range 100 - 800 MeV. These beams have angular divergence of 1 - 4 mrad, and 5 - 25 percent energy spread, with a resulting brightness 10^{11} electrons mm^{-2} MeV^{-1} mrad^{-2}. The beam parameters can be tuned by varying the laser and plasma conditions. The use of a high-quality laser pulse and appropriate target conditions enables optimization of …

Go to article

The Discrete Yang-Fourier Transforms In Fractal Space, Yang Xiao-Jun

Xiao-Jun Yang

The Yang-Fourier transform (YFT) in fractal space is a generation of Fourier transform based on the local fractional calculus. The discrete Yang-Fourier transform (DYFT) is a specific kind of the approximation of discrete transform, used in Yang-Fourier transform in fractal space. This paper points out new standard forms of discrete Yang-Fourier transforms (DYFT) of fractal signals, and both properties and theorems are investigated in detail.

Go to article

Expression Of Generalized Newton Iteration Method Via Generalized Local Fractional Taylor Series, Yang Xiao-Jun

Xiao-Jun Yang

Local fractional derivative and integrals are revealed as one of useful tools to deal with everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable functions in fractal areas ranging from fundamental science to engineering. In this paper, a generalized Newton iteration method derived from the generalized local fractional Taylor series with the local fractional derivatives is reviewed. Operators on real line numbers on a fractal space are induced from Cantor set to fractional set. Existence for a generalized fixed point on generalized metric spaces may take place.

Go to article

Laser Plasma Acceleration With A Negatively Chirped Pulse: All-Optical Control Over Dark Current In The Blowout Regime, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Arnaud Beck, Xavier Davoine, Erik Lefebvre, Bradley A. Shadwick

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Recent experiments with 100 terawatt-class, sub-50 femtosecond laser pulses show that electrons self-injected into a laser-driven electron density bubble can be accelerated above 0.5 gigaelectronvolt energy in a sub-centimetre length rarefied plasma. To reach this energy range, electrons must ultimately outrun the bubble and exit the accelerating phase; this, however, does not ensure high beam quality. Wake excitation increases the laser pulse bandwidth by red-shifting its head, keeping the tail unshifted. Anomalous group velocity dispersion of radiation in plasma slows down the red-shifted head, compressing the pulse into a few-cycle-long piston of relativistic intensity. Pulse transformation into a piston causes …

Go to article

The Zero-Mass Renormalization Group Differential Equations And Limit Cycles In Non-Smooth Initial Value Problems, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

In the present paper, using the equation transform in fractal space, we point out the zero-mass renormalization group equations. Under limit cycles in the non-smooth initial value, we devote to the analytical technique of the local fractional Fourier series for treating zero-mass renormalization group equations, and investigate local fractional Fourier series solutions.

Go to article

A Novel Approach To Processing Fractal Dynamical Systems Using The Yang-Fourier Transforms, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

In the present paper, local fractional continuous non-differentiable functions in fractal space are investigated, and the control method for processing dynamic systems in fractal space are proposed using the Yang-Fourier transform based on the local fractional calculus. Two illustrative paradigms for control problems in fractal space are given to elaborate the accuracy and reliable results.

Go to article

Investigating Mountain Waves In Mtm Image Data At Cerro Pachon, Chile, Neal R. Criddle, M. J. Taylor, P.-D. Pautet, Y. Zhao, G. Swenson, A. Liu

Neal R Criddle

Gravity waves are important drivers of chemical species mixing, energy and momentum transfer into the MLT (~80 - 100 km) region. As part of a collaborative program involving instruments from several institutions Utah State University has operated a Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (MTM) at the new Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO) on Cerro Pachon (30.2°S, 70.7°W) Since August 2009. A primary goal of this program is to quantify the impact of mountain waves on the MLT region. The Andes region is an excellent natural laboratory for investigating gravity wave influences on the MLT region, especially the study of mountain waves, created by …

Go to article

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Fractional Complex Transform Method For Wave Equations On Cantor Sets Within Local Fractional Differential Operator, Xiao-Jun Yang

Xiao-Jun Yang

Damped Wave Equation And Dissipative Wave Equation In Fractal Strings Within The Local Fractional Variational Iteration Method, Xiao-Jun Yang

Xiao-Jun Yang

Cantor-Type Cylindrical-Coordinate Method For Differential Equations With Local Fractional Derivatives, Xiao-Jun Yang

Xiao-Jun Yang

Donald P. Umstadter

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Battery Energy Storage System In Solar Power Generation, Radhey Shyam Meena Er., Deepa Sharma

Radhey Shyam Meena

Fractal Heat Conduction Problem Solved By Local Fractional Variation Iteration Method, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

Dark-Current-Free Laser-Plasma Acceleration In Blowout Regime Using Nonlinear Plasma Lens, Serguei Y. Kalmykov

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Battery Energy Storage System In Solar Power Generation, Radhey Shyam Meena Er.

Radhey Shyam Meena

A Cauchy Problem For Some Local Fractional Abstract Differential Equation With Fractal Conditions, Yang Xiaojun, Zhong Weiping, Gao Feng

Xiao-Jun Yang

Mechaniczny Rozdział Faz Proj., Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

Challenges And Prospects Of Processes Utilising Carbonic Anhydrase For Co2 Separation, Patrycja Szeligiewicz, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

Determination Of Kinetic Parameters From The Thermogravimetric Data Set Of Biomass Samples, Karol Postawa, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Sub-Millimeter-Scale, 100-Mev-Class Quasi-Monoenergetic Laser Plasma Accelerator Based On All-Optical Control Of Dark Current In The Blowout Regime, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Xavier Davoine, Bradley A. Shadwick

Serge Youri Kalmykov

One-Phase Problems For Discontinuous Heat Transfer In Fractal Media, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

Local Fractional Fourier Series With Application To Wave Equation In Fractal Vibrating String, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

Relativistic Solution Of The N-Body Problem (Ii), Jorge A. Franco

Jorge A Franco

Switch Yard Operation In Thermal Power Plant(Katpp Jhalawar Rajasthan), Radhey Shyam Meena Er.

Radhey Shyam Meena

Computationally Efficient Methods For Modelling Laser Wakefield Acceleration In The Blowout Regime, Benjamin M. Cowan, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Arnaud Beck, Xavier Davoine, Kyle Bunkers, Agustin F. Lifschitz, Erik Lefebvre, David L. Bruhwiler, Bradley A. Shadwick, Donald P. Umstadter

Donald P. Umstadter

Computationally Efficient Methods For Modelling Laser Wakefield Acceleration In The Blowout Regime, Benjamin M. Cowan, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Arnaud Beck, Xavier Davoine, Kyle Bunkers, Agustin F. Lifschitz, Erik Lefebvre, David L. Bruhwiler, Bradley A. Shadwick, Donald P. Umstadter

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Variational Iteration Method For Q-Difference Equations Of Second Order, Guo-Cheng Wu

G.C. Wu

Donald P. Umstadter

Serge Youri Kalmykov

The Discrete Yang-Fourier Transforms In Fractal Space, Yang Xiao-Jun

Xiao-Jun Yang

Expression Of Generalized Newton Iteration Method Via Generalized Local Fractional Taylor Series, Yang Xiao-Jun

Xiao-Jun Yang

Laser Plasma Acceleration With A Negatively Chirped Pulse: All-Optical Control Over Dark Current In The Blowout Regime, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Arnaud Beck, Xavier Davoine, Erik Lefebvre, Bradley A. Shadwick

Serge Youri Kalmykov

The Zero-Mass Renormalization Group Differential Equations And Limit Cycles In Non-Smooth Initial Value Problems, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

A Novel Approach To Processing Fractal Dynamical Systems Using The Yang-Fourier Transforms, Yang Xiaojun

Xiao-Jun Yang

Investigating Mountain Waves In Mtm Image Data At Cerro Pachon, Chile, Neal R. Criddle, M. J. Taylor, P.-D. Pautet, Y. Zhao, G. Swenson, A. Liu

Neal R Criddle