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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Physics
A Simple Method For Determining Shallow Charge Distributions In Dielectrics Via Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison
A Simple Method For Determining Shallow Charge Distributions In Dielectrics Via Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison
Journal Articles
The understanding of charge dynamics in dielectric materials is paramount in mitigating electrostatic discharge events for spacecraft. The most critical spacecraft charging events are found to result from incident electrons in the energy range of 10 keV to 50 keV. The charge embedded in dielectric materials in this energy range are deposited a distance into the material on the order of a few to tens of microns. One way to measure and understand the deposited charge is via pulsed electroacoustic measurements (PEA). However, the typical PEA spatial resolution of ~ 10 μm is not sufficient to resolve or discern charge …
Relevancy Of Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements For Investigating Spacecraft Charging, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison
Relevancy Of Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements For Investigating Spacecraft Charging, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison
Journal Articles
The magnitude and spatial distribution of charge embedded in dielectric materials and the evolution of the charge distributions with time are paramount for the understanding and mitigation of spacecraft charging. Spacecraft materials are charged primarily by incident fluxes of low-energy electrons, with electron fluxes in the 10–50 keV range often responsible for the most deleterious arcing effects. While the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method can provide sensitive nondestructive measurements of the internal charge distribution in insulating materials, it has often been limited for spacecraft charging applications by typical spatial resolutions of ≤ 10 μm , with a 10- μm …
Space Environment Effects On The Electron Yields Of Ldef Thermal Control Coatings, Trace Taylor, Matthew Robertson, Heather Allen, Jr Dennison, Michael Guy, Emily Willis
Space Environment Effects On The Electron Yields Of Ldef Thermal Control Coatings, Trace Taylor, Matthew Robertson, Heather Allen, Jr Dennison, Michael Guy, Emily Willis
Journal Articles
Space-environment-induced degradation of white thermal control coatings from the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) was investigated. Much of the exterior of the LDEF was painted with a white thermal control coating, Aeroglaze A276; and most of the interior was coated with a black thermal control coating, Aeroglaze Z306. Outgassing from these coatings and other LDEF materials interacted with the white surface when exposed to sunlight after volatile materials condensed on the LDEF surfaces. Surface morphology was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopies. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to identify the chemical compounds and elements present …
Comparison Of Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements And Af-Numit3 Modeling Of Polymers Irradiated With Monoenergetic Electrons, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison, Brian Beecken, Ryan Hoffmann
Comparison Of Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements And Af-Numit3 Modeling Of Polymers Irradiated With Monoenergetic Electrons, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison, Brian Beecken, Ryan Hoffmann
Journal Articles
Successful spacecraft design and charging mitigation techniques require precise and accurate knowledge of charge deposition profiles. This paper compares models of charge deposition and transport using a venerable deep dielectric charging code, AF-NUMIT3, with direct measurements of charge profiles via pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) measurements. Eight different simulations were performed for comparison to PEA experiments of samples irradiated by 50 or 80 keV monoenergetic electrons in vacuum and at room temperature. Two materials, polyether-ether ketone (PEEK) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), were chosen for their very low conductivities so that minimal charge migration would occur between irradiation and PEA measurements. PEEK was found …
Spacecraft Charging Test Considerations For Composite Materials, Allen Andersen, Wousik Kim, J. R. Dennison, Brian Wood, Todd A. Schneider, Jason Vaughn, Kenneth H. Wright Jr., Nelson W. Green, Eric Suh, Joel Schwartz, Abdul-Majeed Azad
Spacecraft Charging Test Considerations For Composite Materials, Allen Andersen, Wousik Kim, J. R. Dennison, Brian Wood, Todd A. Schneider, Jason Vaughn, Kenneth H. Wright Jr., Nelson W. Green, Eric Suh, Joel Schwartz, Abdul-Majeed Azad
Journal Articles
Composite materials present a growing challenge for spacecraft charging assessments. We review some recent lessons learned for charging tests of composite materials using both parallel-plate and electron beam test geometries. We also discuss examples of materials that exhibit significant variations between samples, despite them all having the same trade name.
Ion Beam-Treated Space Polymers: Long-Term Stability In Geo-Simulated Environments, Jacob Kleiman, Zelina Iskanderova, Leonid Krishtein, J. R. Dennison, Brian Wood, Anatoly Grigorievsky, Carl Best
Ion Beam-Treated Space Polymers: Long-Term Stability In Geo-Simulated Environments, Jacob Kleiman, Zelina Iskanderova, Leonid Krishtein, J. R. Dennison, Brian Wood, Anatoly Grigorievsky, Carl Best
Journal Articles
As part of a large program conducted between years 2010 and 2018, a number of ion beam surface treatments and proprietary coatings formed on advanced space polymers by direct ion beam deposition were developed at Integrity Testing Laboratory (ITL) Inc, in Canada. Thistechnology allowed producing surfaces with controlled surface resistivity in a wide range of charge dissipation values, with negligibly low additional RF losses and other important functional properties, that allowed using such treated materials and products in modern space antennae, solar arrays and other external applications on spacecrafts in GEO environment. This paper will present an overview of results …
Experimental Investigation Of The Secondary And Backscatter Electron Emission From New Spacecraft Surface Materials, Millan F. Diaz-Aguado, John W. Bonnell, Stuart D. Bale, Justin Christensen, Phillip Lundgreen, Jordan Lee, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany, Brian Wood, Mike Gruntman
Experimental Investigation Of The Secondary And Backscatter Electron Emission From New Spacecraft Surface Materials, Millan F. Diaz-Aguado, John W. Bonnell, Stuart D. Bale, Justin Christensen, Phillip Lundgreen, Jordan Lee, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany, Brian Wood, Mike Gruntman
Journal Articles
The emission of secondary and backscattered electrons influences spacecraft surface potentials and the surrounding plasma. Modern spacecraft use new materials for which secondary emission properties have been unavailable. In this work, the total electron yield (i.e., the sum of secondary and backscattered electron yields) was measured for niobium-C103 alloy, molybdenum Titanium, Zirconium, Molybdenum (TZM) alloy, tantalum-tungsten alloy, Elgiloy®, graphite lubricant (DAG 213®), and titanium nitride. The surface properties of tungsten were also measured for comparison with past test data. The materials were readied as spacecraft flight materials and temperature-treated ("annealed") to predicted peak flight temperatures. The yield properties for 10 …
Relativistic Quantum Heat Engine From Uncertainty Relation Standpoint, Pritam Chattopadhyay, Goutam Paul
Relativistic Quantum Heat Engine From Uncertainty Relation Standpoint, Pritam Chattopadhyay, Goutam Paul
Journal Articles
Established heat engines in quantum regime can be modeled with various quantum systems as working substances. For example, in the non-relativistic case, we can model the heat engine using infinite potential well as a working substance to evaluate the efficiency and work done of the engine. Here, we propose quantum heat engine with a relativistic particle confined in the one-dimensional potential well as working substance. The cycle comprises of two isothermal processes and two potential well processes of equal width, which forms the quantum counterpart of the known isochoric process in classical nature. For a concrete interpretation about the relation …
Physics-Driven Dual-Defect Model Fits Of Voltage Step-Up To Breakdown Data In Spacecraft Polymers, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Physics-Driven Dual-Defect Model Fits Of Voltage Step-Up To Breakdown Data In Spacecraft Polymers, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
Overly conservative estimates of breakdown strength can increase the mass and cost of spacecraft electrostatic discharge (ESD) mitigation methods. Improved estimates of ESD likelihood in the space environment require better models of ESD distributions. The purpose of this work is to evaluate our previously proposed dual-defect model of voltage step-up-to-breakdown tests with a case study across four dielectric materials. We predicted that materials best fit by mixed Weibull distributions would exhibit better fits with the dual-defect model compared to a mean field single defect theory. Additional data for biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), polyimide (PI or Kapton) from three sources, and …
Multiplicativity Of Connes' Calculus, Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, Satyajit Guin
Multiplicativity Of Connes' Calculus, Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, Satyajit Guin
Journal Articles
In his book on noncommutative geometry, Connes constructed a differential graded algebra out of a spectral triple. Lack of monoidality of this construction is investigated. We identify a suitable monoidal subcategory of the category of spectral triples and show that when restricted to this subcategory the construction of Connes is monoidal. Richness of this subcategory is exhibited by establishing a faithful endofunctor to this subcategory.
Revisiting Singlino Dark Matter Of The Natural Z 3-Symmetric Nmssm In The Light Of Lhc, Waleed Abdallah, Arindam Chatterjee, Asesh Krishna Datta
Revisiting Singlino Dark Matter Of The Natural Z 3-Symmetric Nmssm In The Light Of Lhc, Waleed Abdallah, Arindam Chatterjee, Asesh Krishna Datta
Journal Articles
Inspired by the fact that relatively small values of the effective higgsino mass parameter of the Z3-symmetric Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) could render the scenario ‘natural’, we explore the plausibility of having relatively light neutralinos and charginos (the electroweakinos or the ewinos) in such a scenario with a rather light singlino-like Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP), which is a Dark Matter (DM) candidate, and singlet-dominated scalar excitations. By first confirming the indications in the existing literature that finding simultaneous compliance with results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and those from various DM experiments with such light states is, in …
Probing Uncertainty Relations In Non-Commutative Space, Pritam Chattopadhyay, Ayan Mitra, Goutam Paul
Probing Uncertainty Relations In Non-Commutative Space, Pritam Chattopadhyay, Ayan Mitra, Goutam Paul
Journal Articles
In this paper, we compute uncertainty relations for non-commutative space and obtain a better lower bound than the standard one obtained from Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation. We also derive the reverse uncertainty relation for product and sum of uncertainties of two incompatible variables for one linear and another non-linear model of the harmonic oscillator. The non-linear model in non-commutating space yields two different expressions for Schrödinger and Heisenberg uncertainty relation. This distinction does not arise in commutative space, and even in the linear model of non-commutative space.
Secondary Electron Yield Measurements Of Carbon Nanotube Forests: Dependence On Morphology And Substrate, Brian Wood, Jordan Lee, Gregory Wilson, T. -C. Shen, Jr Dennison
Secondary Electron Yield Measurements Of Carbon Nanotube Forests: Dependence On Morphology And Substrate, Brian Wood, Jordan Lee, Gregory Wilson, T. -C. Shen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
Total, secondary, and backscatter electron yield data were taken with beam energies between 15 eV and 30 keV, in conjunction with energy emission data, to determine the extent of suppression of yield caused by carbon nanotube (CNT) forest coatings on substrates. CNT forests can potentially lower substrate yield due to both its inherently low-yield, low-atomic number (Z) carbon composition, and its bundled, high-aspect ratio structure. Rough surfaces, and in particular, surfaces with deep high-aspect-ratio voids, can suppress yields, as the electrons emitted from lower lying surfaces are recaptured by surface protrusions rather than escaping the near-surface region. Yields of multilayered …
Wireless Antenna Detection Of Electrostatic Discharge Events, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Wireless Antenna Detection Of Electrostatic Discharge Events, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
Wireless intraspacecraft communication technology is being developed for signal transfer on space missions to save weight and simplify the design. One consideration for this new technology is its interaction with space environmentinduced electrostatic discharges (ESDs). The short time scales of spacecraft ESD events result in broad frequency band signals that can interact with high-frequency wireless antennas. These interactions present a source of signal noise. However, they also present a possibility of in-flight wireless ESD monitoring. We present laboratory measurements of arcing on common spacecraft insulators using commercially available single-band 2.4-GHz and dual-band 2.4-/5.8-GHz Wi-Fi antennas. These wireless detections are shown …
Tracing Cyclic Homology Pairings Under Twisting Of Graded Algebras, Sayan Chakraborty, Makoto Yamashita
Tracing Cyclic Homology Pairings Under Twisting Of Graded Algebras, Sayan Chakraborty, Makoto Yamashita
Journal Articles
We give a description of cyclic cohomology and its pairing with K-groups for 2-cocycle deformation of algebras graded over discrete groups. The proof relies on a realization of monodromy for the Gauss–Manin connection on periodic cyclic cohomology in terms of the cup product action of group cohomology.
Scope Of Self-Interacting Thermal Wimps In A Minimal U(1) D Extension And Its Future Prospects, Rahool Kumar Barman, Biplob Bhattacherjee, Arindam Chatterjee, Arghya Choudhury, Aritra Gupta
Scope Of Self-Interacting Thermal Wimps In A Minimal U(1) D Extension And Its Future Prospects, Rahool Kumar Barman, Biplob Bhattacherjee, Arindam Chatterjee, Arghya Choudhury, Aritra Gupta
Journal Articles
In this work we have considered a minimal extension of Standard Model by a local U(1) gauge group in order to accommodate a stable (fermionic) Dark Matter (DM) candidate. We have focussed on parameter regions where DM possesses adequate self-interaction, owing to the presence of a light scalar mediator (the dark Higgs), alleviating some of the tensions in the small-scale structures. We have studied the scenario in the light of a variety of data, mostly from dark matter direct searches, collider searches and flavor physics experiments, with an attempt to constrain the interactions of the standard model (SM) particles with …
Quasinormal Mode Spectra For Odd Parity Perturbations In Spacetimes With Smeared Matter Sources, Kumar Das, Souvik Pramanik, Subir Ghosh
Quasinormal Mode Spectra For Odd Parity Perturbations In Spacetimes With Smeared Matter Sources, Kumar Das, Souvik Pramanik, Subir Ghosh
Journal Articles
We have found the quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies of a class of static spherically symmetric spacetimes having a smeared matter distribution, parametrized by Θ, an inherent length scale. Here, our main focus is on the QNMs for the odd parity perturbation in this background geometry. The results presented here for diffused mass distribution reveal significant changes in the QNM spectrum. This could be relevant for future generation (cosmological) observations, specifically to distinguish the signals of gravitational waves from a nonsingular source in contrast to a singular geometry. We also provide numerical estimates for the Θ-corrected QNM spectrum applicable to typical …
Quantum Isometry Group Of Deformation: A Counterexample, Debashish Goswami, Arnab Mandal
Quantum Isometry Group Of Deformation: A Counterexample, Debashish Goswami, Arnab Mandal
Journal Articles
We give a counterexample to show that the quantum isometry group of a deformed finite dimensional spectral triple may not be isomorphic with a deformation of the quantum isometry group of the undeformed spectral triple.
Environmental Effects On Nonlocal Correlations, Tamal Guha, Bihalan Bhattacharya, Debarshi Das, Some Sankar Bhattacharya, Amit Mukherjee, Arup Roy, Kaushiki Mukherjee, Nirman Ganguly, A. S. Majumdar
Environmental Effects On Nonlocal Correlations, Tamal Guha, Bihalan Bhattacharya, Debarshi Das, Some Sankar Bhattacharya, Amit Mukherjee, Arup Roy, Kaushiki Mukherjee, Nirman Ganguly, A. S. Majumdar
Journal Articles
Environmental interactions are ubiquitous in practical instances of any quantum information processing protocol. The interaction results in depletion of various quantum resources and even complete loss in numerous situations. Nonlocality, which is one particular quantum resource marking a significant departure of quantum mechanics from classical mechanics, meets the same fate. In the present work we study the decay in nonlocality to the extent of the output state admitting a local hidden state model. Using some fundamental quantum channels we also demonstrate the complete decay in the resources in the purview of the Bell–Clauser– Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality and a three-settings steering inequality. …
An Introduction To Quantile-Quantile Plots For The Experimental Physicist, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
An Introduction To Quantile-Quantile Plots For The Experimental Physicist, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
Time-Evolved Constant Voltage Conductivity Measurements Of Common Spaceborne Polymeric Materials, Brian Wood, David King, Jr Dennison
Time-Evolved Constant Voltage Conductivity Measurements Of Common Spaceborne Polymeric Materials, Brian Wood, David King, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
A Predictive Range Expression: Applications And Limitations, Gregory Wilson, Anne C. Starley, Lisa Phillipps, Jr Dennison
A Predictive Range Expression: Applications And Limitations, Gregory Wilson, Anne C. Starley, Lisa Phillipps, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
An Enhanced Operational Definition Of Dielectric Breakdown For Dc Voltage Step-Up Tests, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
An Enhanced Operational Definition Of Dielectric Breakdown For Dc Voltage Step-Up Tests, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
The imprecise definition of breakdown in the ASTM D3755-14 standard can misidentify breakdown. If the recommended test circuit current sensing element threshold is set too high, breakdown may occur undetected. Conversely, false positives may result from designating a low current threshold. An operational definition of breakdown much less sensitive to these pitfalls is outlined herein. This enhanced definition of breakdown is based on the average rate of change of the leakage current with increasing voltage, rather than a simple current threshold, avoiding ambiguous association with anomalies in current traces. For tests that continuously monitor leakage current, breakdown can be detected …
Highly Accelerated Test Method For Characterizing Likelihood Of Breakdown In Hvdc Dielectric Materials, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Highly Accelerated Test Method For Characterizing Likelihood Of Breakdown In Hvdc Dielectric Materials, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
Increasing application and development of HVDC technologies emphasizes the need for improved characterization of candidate insulating materials. Accurately predicting the lifetime to breakdown of dielectric materials by means of accelerated voltage step-up to breakdown tests can be prohibitively time consuming. Step-up to breakdown tests with sufficiently slow voltage ramp rates that continuously monitor leakage current have detected a distribution of DC partial discharge (DCPD) events occurring prior to breakdown, which increase with increasing field. These DCPD distributions are shown to correlate strongly with the likelihood of breakdown for four common polymers. Given that hundreds of DCPD events are typically observed …
Pea System Modeling And Signal Processing For Measurement Of Volume Charge Distributions In Thin Dielectric Films, Lee H. Pearson, Jr Dennison, Erick W. Griffiths, Anthony C. Pearson
Pea System Modeling And Signal Processing For Measurement Of Volume Charge Distributions In Thin Dielectric Films, Lee H. Pearson, Jr Dennison, Erick W. Griffiths, Anthony C. Pearson
Journal Articles
This paper discusses our effort to develop advanced pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) measurement system capabilities that incorporate (1) improved signal processing tools for increased signal/noise ratios; and (2) integrated PEA modeling tools. In addition, we emphasize state-of-the-art system electronic components, integrated environmental controls, and sensor improvements required to achieve high spatial resolution while maintaining reasonable temporal resolution for both ambient and in vacuo measurements of thin dielectrics charged using electron beam injection, which is most applicable for spacecraft charging tests. PEA measurement systems provide an important tool to investigate the spatial extent and dynamic evolution of embedded charge distributions in thin …
Perspectives On The Distributions Of Esd Breakdowns For Spacecraft Charging Applications, Allen Andersen, Krysta Moser, Jr Dennison
Perspectives On The Distributions Of Esd Breakdowns For Spacecraft Charging Applications, Allen Andersen, Krysta Moser, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) continues to pose significant risks to space missions despite decades of intense study. Tabulated values of material breakdown strength used in spacecraft charging models are often based on cursory measurements that may not be fully relevant to a given mission. Materials physics offers insight into the pertinent variables that affect breakdown and how to address them experimentally for spacecraft applications. We present measured distributions of ESD data across several test configurations for three polymeric materials that, taken together, begin to provide an understanding of how to estimate the likelihood of ESD events over a spacecraft’s mission lifetime. …
Dependence Of Electrostatic Field Strength On Voltage Ramp Rate For Spacecraft Materials, Krysta Moser, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Dependence Of Electrostatic Field Strength On Voltage Ramp Rate For Spacecraft Materials, Krysta Moser, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
This work investigated the dependence of electrostatic field strength for spacecraft materials on voltage ramp rate, by applying an increasing incremental electrostatic field until electrostatic breakdown occurred. Tests on Kapton E found that at ramp rates two or three orders of magnitude lower than the maximum recommended rate, the electrostatic breakdown field, FESD was lower by a factor of two or more. This suggests that tabulated values of FESD, which have been used by the spacecraft charging community, could substantially overestimate FESD in common slowly evolving spacecraft situations. This study expanded these ramp rate tests to include a wider range …
Cathodoluminescence Studies Of Defects In Coated Boron Nitride, Kévin Guerch, Justin Dekany, Jr Dennison, Thierry Paulmier, Sophie Guillemet-Fritsch, Pascal Lenormand
Cathodoluminescence Studies Of Defects In Coated Boron Nitride, Kévin Guerch, Justin Dekany, Jr Dennison, Thierry Paulmier, Sophie Guillemet-Fritsch, Pascal Lenormand
Journal Articles
Optical emission properties of Boron Nitride (BN) substrates, BN with alumina (Al2O3) coating, and thermally-annealed alumina-coated boron nitride (an-BN/Al2O3) were investigated under electron irradiation using cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements. Tests were performed temperatures ranging from ~100 K to ~300 K, with monoenergetic beams from 5 keV to 30 keV, and electron flux densities from 1 nA.cm-2 to 500 nA.cm-2. These experiments were conducted to identify the effects of coating and thermal annealing on the nature and occupation of defect states in different samples with BN substrates. Previous studies have shown that these treatments can limit the charging of BN substrates. Consequently, …
Temporal And Spatial Correlations In Electron-Induced Arcs Of Adjacent Dielectric Islands, Justin Christensen, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany
Temporal And Spatial Correlations In Electron-Induced Arcs Of Adjacent Dielectric Islands, Justin Christensen, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany
Journal Articles
This study investigates very short duration (
Density Of State Models And Temperature Dependence Of Radiation Induced Conductivity, Jodie Corbridge Gillespie, Jr Dennison, Alec M. Sim
Density Of State Models And Temperature Dependence Of Radiation Induced Conductivity, Jodie Corbridge Gillespie, Jr Dennison, Alec M. Sim
Journal Articles
Expressions are developed for radiation induce conductivity (RIC) over an extended temperature range, based on density of states models for highly disordered insulating materials. A general discussion of the DOS of can be given using two simple types of DOS distributions of defect states within the bandgap for disordered materials are considered, one that monotonically decreases within the bandgap and one with a distribution peak within the band gap. Three monotonically decreasing models (exponential, power law, and linear), and two peaked models (Gaussian and delta function) are considered, plus limiting cases with a uniform DOS for each type. Variations using …