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Full-Text Articles in Physics
Generalized Polarizabilities And The Chiral Structure Of The Nucleon, Thomas R. Hemmert, Barry R. Holstein, Germar Knöchlein, Stefan Scherer
Generalized Polarizabilities And The Chiral Structure Of The Nucleon, Thomas R. Hemmert, Barry R. Holstein, Germar Knöchlein, Stefan Scherer
Barry R Holstein
No abstract provided.
Electric-Dipole Moments Of Nuclei, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein, Mj Musolf
Electric-Dipole Moments Of Nuclei, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein, Mj Musolf
Barry R Holstein
Recent calculations by Sushkov, Flambaum and Khriplovich have suggested that the existence of the possibility of kaon exchange within nuclei allows nuclear electric dipole moments within the standard model to be enhanced substantially over those of nucleons. This suggestion is analysed carefully and it is found that the constraints of chiral symmetry, which were not correctly included in the earlier calculation, reduce this prediction substantially.
The Lifetime Of A Deeply Bound H Dibaryon And The Cygnus-X-3 Events, Jf Donoghue, Eugene Golowich, Br Holstein
The Lifetime Of A Deeply Bound H Dibaryon And The Cygnus-X-3 Events, Jf Donoghue, Eugene Golowich, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
The explanation of the Cygnus X-3 events which involves a strange-quark star emitting the doubly strange H dibaryon requires the H to have a lifetime of greater than ten years. We calculate the ΔS=2 H→ NN for an H bound below ΛN threshold, and find τHless, approximate6 days.
Quantum-Mechanics In Curved Space, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Quantum-Mechanics In Curved Space, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
The quantum mechanical wave equation for a particle in a Schwarzschild metric is derived using general relativity in the linearized approximation. The significance of the various terms in the effective Hamiltonian is discussed and shown to be associated with the post‐Newtonian terms for the corresponding classical motion.
Anions And Anomalies, M Bawin, Sa Coon, Br Holstein
Anions And Anomalies, M Bawin, Sa Coon, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
We analyze the recent claim that experimental measurements of binding energies of dipole-bound anions can be understood in terms of a quantum mechanical anomaly. The discrepancy between the experimental critical dipole moments and that predicted by the anisotropic inverse square potential of a static dipole precludes such an explanation. As has long been known, in the physical problem one must include rotational structure so that the long distance behavior changes from 1/r2 to 1/r4. In a simple model this can be shown to lead to a modification of the critical dipole moment of 20% or so, bringing it into agreement …
Strong Bounds On Weak Couplings, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Strong Bounds On Weak Couplings, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
Analysis of nonleptonic ΔS = 1 weak decays strongly restricts the possible size of right-handed weak couplings. Limits thus obtained are competitive with those obtained via other means.
Delta(1232) And The Polarizabilities Of The Nucleon, Tr Hemmert, Br Holstein, J Kambor
Delta(1232) And The Polarizabilities Of The Nucleon, Tr Hemmert, Br Holstein, J Kambor
Barry R Holstein
Previous calculations of the polarizabilities of the nucleon within the framework of heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory have included the contribution of the Δ(1232) only in its effects on various contact terms or have been performed in chiral SU(3) where systematic errors are difficult to control. Herein, we perform a corresponding calculation in chiral SU(2) wherein Δ(1232) is treated as an explicit degree of freedom and the expansion is taken to third order in soft momenta, the pion mass, and the quantity MΔ-MN, collectively denoted ε. We present the results of a systematic O(ε3) calculation of forward Compton scattering off …
Higgs-Boson-Exchange Models Of Cp Violation And K-]2pi, Jf Donoghue, Js Hagelin, Br Holstein
Higgs-Boson-Exchange Models Of Cp Violation And K-]2pi, Jf Donoghue, Js Hagelin, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
Work by Deshpande and Sanda, which appears to invalidate Higgs-boson-exchange models of CP noninvariance, is buttressed by (i) use of the MIT bag model to calculate matrix elements, (ii) use of experimental rather than calculated numbers for the K→2π decay amplitude and the KL-KS mass difference, and (iii) inclusion of possible t-quark effects. We conclude that, barring accidental cancellations, such Higgs-boson-exchange models are incompatible with experiment.
Evidence For Su(3) Breaking In Cabibbo-Type Fits Of Semi-Leptonic Hyperon Decay, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Evidence For Su(3) Breaking In Cabibbo-Type Fits Of Semi-Leptonic Hyperon Decay, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
We analyze recent precision experiments involving semileptonic hyperon decay and demonstrate that there exists definite evidence for SU(3) breaking. The type of breaking observed is a difference in the D/(F+D) ratios in the ΔS=0 and ΔS=1 sectors, which is at variance with the simplest quark-model expectations. We comment on the relevance of symmetry breaking to the determination of weak mixing angles.
Photon-Photon Scattering, Pion Polarizability, And Chiral-Symmetry, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Photon-Photon Scattering, Pion Polarizability, And Chiral-Symmetry, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
Recent attempts to detect the pion polarizability via analysis of γγ→ππ measurements are examined. The connection between calculations based on dispersion relations and on chiral perturbation theory is established by matching the low-energy chiral amplitude with that given by a full dispersive treatment. Using the values for the polarizability required by chiral symmetry, predicted and experimental cross sections are shown to be in agreement.
Chiral Loops In Pi-0,Eta-0-]Gamma-Gamma And Eta-Eta' Mixing, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein, Ycr Lin
Chiral Loops In Pi-0,Eta-0-]Gamma-Gamma And Eta-Eta' Mixing, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein, Ycr Lin
Barry R Holstein
We compute the one-loop corrections to the Wess-Zumino Lagrangean governing π0, η8→γγ. The SU(3) relation between the two decay rates receives modifications of order mK2lnmK2, as does the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula. A consistent picture of η-η′ mixing emerges from both the two-photon widths and the mass matrix, however with a mixing angle θ≈-20° instead of the usual θ≈-10°.
Hadronic Parity Violation: Past, Present, And Future, Br Holstein
Hadronic Parity Violation: Past, Present, And Future, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
The history of hadronic parity violation is reviewed, from its beginning in 1957 to the present time. The current state of the subject is shown to be confused and a program to resolve this dilemma, including theoretical calculations using effective theoretic methods together with new low energy experiments in low A systems, is proposed.
Temperature Measured By A Uniformly Accelerated Observer, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Temperature Measured By A Uniformly Accelerated Observer, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
By use of elementary quantum‐mechanical arguments we demonstrate how an observer with uniform acceleration a perceives himself as immersed in a heat bath of temperature kT=aℏ/2πc.
Wavefunction Renormalization And Nuclear Parity Nonconservation, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Wavefunction Renormalization And Nuclear Parity Nonconservation, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
It is argued that a recent calculation, which envisions a major role for a parity violating wave function renormalization term, predicts effects in a variety of low energy weak processes which are in contradiction to experiment. It is also shown that the physics of such renormalization terms are already included in previous work.
Long Distance Effects And Strangeness In The Nucleon, John Donoghue, Barry Holstein, Tobias Huber, Andreas Ross
Long Distance Effects And Strangeness In The Nucleon, John Donoghue, Barry Holstein, Tobias Huber, Andreas Ross
Barry R Holstein
We discuss the calculation of the strange magnetic radius of the proton in chiral perturbation theory. In particular, we investigate the low-energy component of the loop integrals involving kaons. We separate the chiral calculation into a low-energy part and a high-energy component through use of a momentum space separation scale. This separation shows that most of the chiral calculation comes from high energies where the effective field theory treatment is not valid. The resulting low-energy prediction is in better agreement with dispersive treatments. Finally, we briefly discuss magnetic moments and show how our techniques can help resolve an old puzzle …
Measurement Of The Weak Neutral Current Via Nuclear Parity Violation, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Measurement Of The Weak Neutral Current Via Nuclear Parity Violation, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
Present low-energy experiments which detect parity violation in nuclei are analyzed, and a consistent set of weak couplings is extracted. Using symmetries and the quark model, it is shown that a parity-violating weak-neutral-current contribution is required by the data, and we extract values sin2θW=0.0±0.4 or ρ=1.1±0.2, consistent with other determinations. The error quoted is statistical only, and does not include a possibly sizable theoretical uncertainty. On the other hand, if we assume the world-average values for ρ and θW, we can obtain from the data (with minimal quark-model assumptions) the matrix element of an operator which is closely related to …
Dispersion-Relations And The Nucleon Polarizability, Br Holstein, Am Nathan
Dispersion-Relations And The Nucleon Polarizability, Br Holstein, Am Nathan
Barry R Holstein
Recent experimental results on the proton and neutron polarizabilities are examined from the point of view of backward dispersion relations. Results are found to be in reasonable agreement with the measured values. A rigorous relationship between the nucleon and pion polarizabilities is derived and shown to be in excellent agreement with several models.
Compton Scattering And The Spin Structure Of The Nucleon At Low Energies, Tr Hemmert, Br Holstein, J Kambor, G Knochlein
Compton Scattering And The Spin Structure Of The Nucleon At Low Energies, Tr Hemmert, Br Holstein, J Kambor, G Knochlein
Barry R Holstein
We analyze polarized Compton scattering which provides information on the spin-structure of the nucleon. For scattering processes with photon energies up to 100 MeV the spin-structure dependence can be encoded into four independent parameters—the so-called spin-polarizabilities γi, i=1,…,4, of the nucleon, which we calculate within the framework of the “small scale expansion” in SU(2) baryon chiral perturbation theory. Specific application is made to “forward” and “backward” spin-polarizabilities.
Derivation Of The Weak Quark-Model Interaction Between Nucleons, Br Holstein
Derivation Of The Weak Quark-Model Interaction Between Nucleons, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
No abstract provided.
Analysis Of Delta-S=1 Non-Leptonic Weak Decays And The Delta-I=1-2 Rule, Jf Donoghue, Eugene Golowich, Wa Ponce, Br Holstein
Analysis Of Delta-S=1 Non-Leptonic Weak Decays And The Delta-I=1-2 Rule, Jf Donoghue, Eugene Golowich, Wa Ponce, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
Current-algebra and quark-model methods are used to investigate hyperon and kaon transition amplitudes for various contributions to the weak nonleptonic Hamiltonian of the Weinberg-Salam model. Substantial enhancements are found for matrix elements of certain operators which are induced by quantum-chromodynamic radiative corrections and contain right-handed currents. These operators improve the agreement with experiment in most cases, although problems remain in P-wave hyperon amplitudes. In this approach, the ΔI=1/2 rule is understandable in both kaons and baryons under plausible assumptions.
Quark-Model Calculation Of The Weak Electric Coupling In Semi-Leptonic Baryon Decay, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Quark-Model Calculation Of The Weak Electric Coupling In Semi-Leptonic Baryon Decay, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
The weak electric form factor g2 is calculated in the nonrelativistic quark model (NRQM) and the MIT bag model for weak ΔS=1 semileptonic transitions. The bag-model result is g2/g1=0.30 with the NRQM result roughly twice this. Other weak transition form factors are tabulated, including expected SU(3)-breaking effects.
Resonances In Radiative Hyperon Decays, B Borasoy, Br Holstein
Resonances In Radiative Hyperon Decays, B Borasoy, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
The importance of resonances for the radiative hyperon decays is examined in the framework of chiral perturbation theory. Low lying baryon resonances are included into the effective theory and tree contributions to these decays are calculated. We find significant contributions to both the parity-conserving and parity-violating decay amplitudes and a large negative value for the asymmetry parameter in polarized Σ+→pγ is found, in agreement with the experimental result αγpΣ+=-0.76±0.08.
Effective Interactions Are Effective Interactions, Br Holstein
Effective Interactions Are Effective Interactions, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
In recent years it has been realized that effective interactions—those valid over a limited range of energy-momentum—are often preferable even when more complete theories are available. We shall here present examples of such methods over a range of physical applications—from classical and quantum mechanics, to quantum gravity.
A Brief Introduction To Chiral Perturbation Theory, Br Holstein
A Brief Introduction To Chiral Perturbation Theory, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
A brief introduction to the subject of chiral perturbation theory (Xpt) is presented, including a discussion of effective field theory and applications of Xpt in the arena of purely mesonic interactions as well as in the πN sector.
A Derivative Of The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum Rule, V Pascalutsa, Br Holstein, M Vanderhaeghen
A Derivative Of The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum Rule, V Pascalutsa, Br Holstein, M Vanderhaeghen
Barry R Holstein
We derive a sum rule which establishes a linear relation between a particle's anomalous magnetic moment and a quantity connected to the photoabsorption cross section. This quantity cannot be measured directly. However, it can be computed within a given theory. As an example, we demonstrate validity of the sum rule in QED at tree level—the renowned Schwinger's correction to the anomalous magnetic moment is readily reproduced. In the case of the strong interactions, we also consider the calculation of the nucleon magnetic moment within chiral theories.
Direct Quark-Model Calculation Of Weak Nonleptonic Matrix-Elements, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Direct Quark-Model Calculation Of Weak Nonleptonic Matrix-Elements, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
It is shown how wave-packet techniques developed by Donoghue and Johnson may be utilized to calculate parity-violating nonleptonic hyperon decay amplitudes directly—without the use of current algebra and PCAC (partial conservation of axial-vector current).
The Principle Of Equivalence At Finite Temperature, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein, Rw Robinett
The Principle Of Equivalence At Finite Temperature, Jf Donoghue, Br Holstein, Rw Robinett
Barry R Holstein
We demonstrate that the equivalence principle is violated by radiative corrections to the gravitational and inertial masses at finite temperature. We argue that this result can be attributed to the Lorentz noninvariance of the finite temperature vacuum.
The Van Der Waals Interaction, Br Holstein
The Van Der Waals Interaction, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
The interaction between two neutral but polarizable systems at separation R, usually called the van der Waals force, is discussed from different points of view. The change in character from 1/R6 to 1/R7 due to retardation is explained.
Kaon Decays And A Determination Of The Scale Of Chiral Symmetry, Jf Donoghue, Eugene Golowich, Br Holstein
Kaon Decays And A Determination Of The Scale Of Chiral Symmetry, Jf Donoghue, Eugene Golowich, Br Holstein
Barry R Holstein
Using effective chiral Lagrangians, we consider the occurrence of quadratic terms in the ΔI=1/2 K→3π matrix element. The inclusion of higher-derivative Lagrangians leads to a significant improvement over the usual current-algebra analysis. This allows an extraction directly from experimental data of Λχ, a measure of the scale of chiral symmetry. We give an operational definition of the chiral scale, and find Λχ≈1 GeV. The issue of uncertainty in the phenomenological determination of the B parameter is clarified.
Chiral Symmetry And The Parity-Violating Nn Pi Yukawa Coupling, Sl Zhu, Sj Puglia, Br Holstein, Mj Ramsey-Musolf
Chiral Symmetry And The Parity-Violating Nn Pi Yukawa Coupling, Sl Zhu, Sj Puglia, Br Holstein, Mj Ramsey-Musolf
Barry R Holstein
We construct the complete SU(2) parity-violating (PV) π,N,Δ interaction Lagrangian with one derivative, and calculate the chiral corrections to the PV Yukawa NNπ coupling constant hπ through O(1/Λχ3) in the leading order of heavy baryon expansion. We discuss the relationship between the renormalized hπ, the measured value of hπ, and the corresponding quantity calculated microscopically from the standard model four-quark PV interaction. We observe that the renormalized hπ depends strongly on a number of a priori unknown parameters in the PV effective Lagrangian.