Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 30 of 35
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Predictive Formula For Electron Range Over A Large Span Of Energy, Anne C. Starley, Jr Dennison
Predictive Formula For Electron Range Over A Large Span Of Energy, Anne C. Starley, Jr Dennison
Senior Theses and Projects
A model developed by the Materials Research Group that calculates electron penetration range of some common materials, has been greatly expanded with the hope that such extensions will predict the range in other, perhaps, more interesting materials. Developments in this extended model aid in predicting the approximate penetration depth into diverse classes of materials for a broad range of energetic incident electrons (<10 eV to>10 MeV, with better than 20% accuracy). The penetration depth—or range—of a material describes the maximum distance electrons can travel through a material, before losing all of its incident kinetic energy. This model has started to predict …10>
Predictive Formula For Electron Range Over A Large Span Of Energy, Anne C. Starley
Predictive Formula For Electron Range Over A Large Span Of Energy, Anne C. Starley
Reports
A model developed by the Materials Research Group that calculates electron penetration range of some common materials, has been greatly expanded with the hope that such extensions will predict the range in other, perhaps, more interesting materials. Developments in this extended model aid in predicting the approximate penetration depth into diverse classes of materials for a broad range of energetic incident electrons (10 MeV, with better than 20% accuracy). The penetration depth—or range—of a material describes the maximum distance electrons can travel through a material, before losing all of its incident kinetic energy. This model has started to predict a …
The Role Of Space Materials Research In Spacecraft Charging And Satellite Survivability, Jr Dennison
The Role Of Space Materials Research In Spacecraft Charging And Satellite Survivability, Jr Dennison
Presentations
No abstract provided.
An Overview Of The Dynamic Interplay Between The Space Environment & Spacecraft Materials, Jr Dennison
An Overview Of The Dynamic Interplay Between The Space Environment & Spacecraft Materials, Jr Dennison
Presentations
No abstract provided.
Dependence Of Electrostatic Field Strength On Voltage Ramp Rates For Spacecraft Materials, Krysta Moser
Dependence Of Electrostatic Field Strength On Voltage Ramp Rates For Spacecraft Materials, Krysta Moser
Senior Theses and Projects
No abstract provided.
Pre-Breakdown Arcing As A Proxy For Dc Dielectric Breakdown Testing Of Polymeric Insulators, Jr Dennison, Allen Andersen
Pre-Breakdown Arcing As A Proxy For Dc Dielectric Breakdown Testing Of Polymeric Insulators, Jr Dennison, Allen Andersen
Presentations
No abstract provided.
Mixed Weibull Distribution Model Of Dc Dielectric Breakdowns With Dual Defect Modes, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Mixed Weibull Distribution Model Of Dc Dielectric Breakdowns With Dual Defect Modes, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
This work provides physical insight into common statistical models for DC dielectric breakdown field strengths. Voltage step-up tests were performed on low density polyethylene films. The merits of generalizations to widely-used empirical Weibull models are discussed. The cumulative probability distributions of the breakdown fields were fit to standard two- and three-parameter Weibull distributions. Mixed two-parameter Weibull distributions, sometimes used in the literature to model multiple breakdown modes, were found to yield the best fits to the data. In addition, the same data were fit to a physically-motivated dual-defect mean field model incorporating both low- and high-energy defect modes with different …
Mixed Weibull Distribution Model Of Dc Dielectric Breakdowns With Dual Defect Modes, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Mixed Weibull Distribution Model Of Dc Dielectric Breakdowns With Dual Defect Modes, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Presentations
Purpose/Aim
This work proposes an enhanced statistical model for DC dielectric breakdown properties, which incorporates both shallow and deep defect modes. By incorporating these physics-based concepts into a traditionally empirical model, its accuracy and utility can be extended.
Experimental/Modeling methods
Voltage step-up tests were performed for various polymeric films. The distributions of the breakdown fields are fit to standard two- and three-parameter Weibull distributions. These are extended for a dual defect model, with separate mean energies for shallow and deep level traps, using mixed Weibull distributions.
Results/discussion
As shown in Fig 1, such enhanced physics-based statistical models can result in …
Comparing Experimental Apples And Oranges With Quantile-Quantile Plots, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Comparing Experimental Apples And Oranges With Quantile-Quantile Plots, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Presentations
An important question often encountered in experimental physics is, are two observables related or not? Quantile-quantile (q-q) analysis compares the cumulative distributions of two observations (or one set of observations and a theoretical curve) in a way that is both visually apparent and statistically quantifiable. If the two observables follow the same distribution, the q-q plot will be linear; if they are identical the plot will have unity slope. Deviations from a linear q-q plot indicate that the two observables do not follow the same distribution. We show that the q-q analysis method is applicable to a wide range of …
The Space Survivability Test Chamber, Katie Gamaunt, Heather Tippets, Alex Souvall, Ben Russon, Jr Dennison
The Space Survivability Test Chamber, Katie Gamaunt, Heather Tippets, Alex Souvall, Ben Russon, Jr Dennison
Posters
The Space Survivability Test chamber is a new ground-based research instrument being used for accelerated testing of environment-induced modifications of diverse samples. The chamber simulates space environment conditions, including neutral gas atmospheres and vacuum (<10-5 Pa) environments, temperature (~100 K to >450 K), ionizing radiation, electron fluxes (<10 eV to ~2½ MeV), and vacuum ultraviolet through mid-infrared photon fluxes. This versatile test chamber is well-suited for cost-effective testing of complete systems up to the size (< 20 cm dia.) of a 1U CubeSat, smaller components or electronics, and individual material samples. Multiple in-flux or in-situ space survivability and radiation exposure tests can be performed simultaneously, as well as extensive before and after ex-situ tests. Currently the chamber is performing a series of radiation experiments using a Sr90 beta radiation source which approximately mimics the geostationary high energy electron spectra at ~4-10X accelerated …10>10
Density Of State Models Of Steady-State Temperature Dependent Radiation Induced Conductivity, Jodie Corbridge Gillespie, Jr Dennison
Density Of State Models Of Steady-State Temperature Dependent Radiation Induced Conductivity, Jodie Corbridge Gillespie, Jr Dennison
Posters
Radiation induced conductivity (RIC) occurs when incident radiation deposits energy and excites electrons into the conduction band of insulators. The magnitude of the enhanced conductivity is dependent on a number of factors including temperature and the spatial- and energy-dependence and occupation of the material’s distribution of localized trap states within the band gap—or density of states (DOS). Expressions are developed for steady-state RIC over an extended temperature range, based on DOS models for highly disordered insulating materials. A general discussion of the DOS of disordered materials can be given using two simple distributions: one that monotonically decreases below the band …
Properties Of Spacecraft Materials Exposed To Ionizing Radiation, Alex Souvall, Gregory Wilson, Katie Gamaunt, Ben Russon, Heather Tippets, Jr Dennison
Properties Of Spacecraft Materials Exposed To Ionizing Radiation, Alex Souvall, Gregory Wilson, Katie Gamaunt, Ben Russon, Heather Tippets, Jr Dennison
Posters
The effects of ionizing radiation damage on the various properties of spacecraft materials resulting from exposure in the Space Survivability Testing chamber (SST) are being studied with both ex situ and in situ tests. The SST is a ground based test facility designed to mimic low earth orbit (LEO), and geosynchronous orbit to test potential environmental-induced modifications to small satellites , and materials. Tests described here expose spacecraft materials to a Sr90 ionizing beta radiation source at room temperature and in high vacuum. Ex situ optical transmission/reflectivity measurements glass samples will monitor optical darkening. Properties of polymeric samples will …
Dependence Of Electrostatic Field Strength On Voltage Ramp Rates For Spacecraft Material, Krysta Moser, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Dependence Of Electrostatic Field Strength On Voltage Ramp Rates For Spacecraft Material, Krysta Moser, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Posters
Previous tests done by the USU Materials Physics Group (MPG) using our electrostatic discharge (ESD) custom vacuum chamber have found that, for the polymeric materials polyimide and low density polyethylene (LDPE), the electrostatic field strength at breakdown depends on the voltage ramp rate applied across the materials. At ramp rates an order of magnitude lower than the maximum recommended rate of 500 V/s, the breakdown electrostatic field strength was also found to be significantly lower. The data from these tests were compared to a microscopic mean field theory for dielectric breakdown in highly disordered insulating materials. We present new ramp …
Measurement Of Effects Of Long Term Ionizing Radiation On High Efficiency Solar Arrays, Ben Russon, Heather Tippets, Gregory Wilson, Katie Gamaunt, Alex Souvall, Jr Dennison
Measurement Of Effects Of Long Term Ionizing Radiation On High Efficiency Solar Arrays, Ben Russon, Heather Tippets, Gregory Wilson, Katie Gamaunt, Alex Souvall, Jr Dennison
Posters
Degradation of power output efficiency for high-efficiency multilayer solar arrays due to ionizing radiation is measured using the Space Survivability Test chamber. Exposure to ionizing radiation disrupts the crystalline structure and can reduce solar array power output to the point that it no longer provides adequate output capacity. This can be a significant concern, particularly in the harsh environment of space where radiation dose rate is significantly higher and replacing components is often impossible. Ionizing radiation is simulated in a controlled environment to allow measurement and characterization of the power output of solar arrays, using a 100 mCi encapsulated Sr90 …
Enhanced Electron Yield Measurements Of Extremely Low-Conductivity High Yield Dielectrics, Justin Christensen, Jr Dennison
Enhanced Electron Yield Measurements Of Extremely Low-Conductivity High Yield Dielectrics, Justin Christensen, Jr Dennison
Presentations
An important question often encountered in experimental physics is, are two observables related or not? Quantile-quantile (q-q) analysis compares the cumulative distributions of two observations (or one set of observations and a theoretical curve) in a way that is both visually apparent and statistically quantifiable. If the two observables follow the same distribution, the q-q plot will be linear; if they are identical the plot will have unity slope. Deviations from a linear q-q plot indicate that the two observables do not follow the same distribution. We show that the q-q analysis method is applicable to a wide range of …
Dependence Of Electrostatic Field Strength On Voltage Ramp Rates For Spacecraft Materials, Krysta Moser, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Dependence Of Electrostatic Field Strength On Voltage Ramp Rates For Spacecraft Materials, Krysta Moser, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Presentations
Previous tests done by the USU Materials Physics Group (MPG) using our electrostatic discharge (ESD) custom vacuum chamber have found that, for the polymeric materials polyimide and low density polyethylene (LDPE), the electrostatic field strength at breakdown depends on the voltage ramp rate applied across the materials. At ramp rates an order of magnitude lower than the maximum recommended rate of 500 V/s, the breakdown electrostatic field strength was also found to be significantly lower. The data from these tests were compared to a microscopic mean field theory for dielectric breakdown in highly disordered insulating materials. We present new ramp …
Pre-Breakdown Arcing As A Proxy For Dc Dielectric Breakdown Testing Of Polymeric Insulators, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Pre-Breakdown Arcing As A Proxy For Dc Dielectric Breakdown Testing Of Polymeric Insulators, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
Pre-breakdown arcing is proposed as a key indicator of DC breakdown properties of polymeric dielectric materials. Voltage step-up tests were performed for films of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at ramp rates significantly lower than is common in most studies, allowing for the observation of both breakdown and transient pre-breakdown current spikes. The distributions of the breakdowns versus applied field were compared with the more frequent pre-breakdown arcs. A strong correlation was observed for LDPE between the distribution of breakdowns in step-up tests and the distribution of pre-breakdown arcing. Pre-breakdown arcing distributions are much easier to obtain than breakdown distributions and may …
Small Satellite Verification And Assessment Test Facility With Space Environments Effects Ground-Testing Capabilities, Eric Stromberg, Crystal Frazier, Lisa Montierth Phillipps, Alex Souvall, Jr Dennison, James S. Dyer
Small Satellite Verification And Assessment Test Facility With Space Environments Effects Ground-Testing Capabilities, Eric Stromberg, Crystal Frazier, Lisa Montierth Phillipps, Alex Souvall, Jr Dennison, James S. Dyer
Presentations
The Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL) and Materials Physics Group (MPG) have developed an extensive versatile and cost-effective pre-launch test capability for verification and assessment of small satellites, system components, and spacecraft materials. The facilities can perform environmental testing, component characterization, system level hardware in-the-loop testing, and qualification testing to ensure that each element is functional, reliable, and working per its design. Unique capabilities of SDL’s Nano-Satellite Operation Verification and Assessment (NOVA) test facility include: (i) mass and moment of inertia testing using a high resolution mass measurement table to determine the center of gravity and an inverted …
Materials At The Atomic Scale: A Key To Exploring The Vast Reaches Of Space, Jr Dennison
Materials At The Atomic Scale: A Key To Exploring The Vast Reaches Of Space, Jr Dennison
Presentations
A critical technology to master for any interplanetary probe is mitigation of risks from spacecraft charging and electrostatic discharge, which cause the majority of environmentally-induced “anomalies.” Understanding how charge is acquired through interaction with space fluxes of electrons, ions and photons; how temperature, dose and fields affect redistributed of charge within spacecraft materials; and what triggers electrostatic arcs all require the study of how charged particles interact with the structure of materials on an atomic scale. This seminar presents an overview of the dynamic properties of materials underlying spacecraft charging, how the material’s structure affects these properties, which properties are …
Electrical Properties Study Under Electron Beam Of Annealed And Coated Boron Nitride, Kevin Guerch, Thierry Paulmier, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany, Sophie Guillemet-Fritsch, Pascal Lenormand
Electrical Properties Study Under Electron Beam Of Annealed And Coated Boron Nitride, Kevin Guerch, Thierry Paulmier, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany, Sophie Guillemet-Fritsch, Pascal Lenormand
Conference Proceedings
The charging and relaxation kinetics of pyrolytic boron nitride (BN) substrates, BN with an aluminium oxide (BN/Al2O3) coating, and thermally-annealed alumina-coated boron nitride (an-BN/Al2O3) were investigated under low power electron irradiation (5 < E0 < 20 keV, Ji = 10 nA.cm-2 at room temperature) in the CEDRE facility at ONERA (Toulouse, France). Surface potentials of each ceramics configuration were measured over time using the Kelvin probe method. The influence of coating and annealing treatments to limit charging is discussed in this paper. A thorough study of a an–BN/Al2O3 sample was carried out …
Influence Of Thermal Treatment On Electrical And Physical Properties Of Coated Ceramics, K. Guerch, T. Paulmier, Justin Dekany, Jr Dennison, S. Guillemet-Fritsch, P. Lenormand
Influence Of Thermal Treatment On Electrical And Physical Properties Of Coated Ceramics, K. Guerch, T. Paulmier, Justin Dekany, Jr Dennison, S. Guillemet-Fritsch, P. Lenormand
Presentations
Technical dielectric materials and ceramics are used in many different high technology industrial areas and especially for spacecraft applications. On satellites, these materials are subjected to extreme conditions due to the space plasma environment. To survive, these ceramic insulators must have exceptional electrical and thermal properties. Boron Nitride (BN) and Aluminum Oxide (Al 2O3) are used in particular because they combine good electrical insulation and high thermal conductivity. However, BN and Al2O3 used in spacecraft interiors are exposed to critical radiation demands, where these insulators are irradiated by electrons with high energies and flux. Charged particles are trapped in the …
Electrical Properties Of Annealed And Coated Boron Nitride Under Electron Beam Irradiation, Kevin Guerch, Thierry Paulmier, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany, Sophia Guillemet-Fritsch, Pascal Lenormand
Electrical Properties Of Annealed And Coated Boron Nitride Under Electron Beam Irradiation, Kevin Guerch, Thierry Paulmier, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany, Sophia Guillemet-Fritsch, Pascal Lenormand
Presentations
Technical dielectric materials and ceramics are used in many different high technology industrial areas and especially for spacecraft applications. On satellites, these materials are subjected to extreme conditions due to the space plasma environment. To survive, these ceramic insulators must have exceptional electrical and thermal properties. Boron Nitride (BN) and Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) are used in particular because they combine good electrical insulation and high thermal conductivity. However, BN and Al2O3 used in spacecraft interiors are exposed to critical radiation demands, where these insulators are irradiated by electrons with high energies and flux. Charged particles are trapped in the ceramics, …
Calibration Of Muon Detector For Coincidence Cathodoluminescence Experiments, Kenneth Zia, Jr Dennison
Calibration Of Muon Detector For Coincidence Cathodoluminescence Experiments, Kenneth Zia, Jr Dennison
Presentations
A muon scintillation detector has been calibrated by measuring the magnitude and angular dependence of high energy cosmic background radiation events. Optimizing dark current as a function of voltage across the photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector was essential for accurate counting of current pulses as narrow as the counts in the PMT. Measurements of the crosssection zenith angle were also optimized by sweeping the detector across the horizon and from the zenith to nadir angle. The detector is now operating within proper Poisson distribution statistics for counting particle experiments, and is ready for the next step in determining coincidence between the …
Electron Penetration Range For Every Body, Anne Starley, Lisa Montierth Phillipps, Jr Dennison
Electron Penetration Range For Every Body, Anne Starley, Lisa Montierth Phillipps, Jr Dennison
Presentations
The penetration range of an electron into diverse materials can be estimated using an approximation fit as a function of a single parameter, N y, which describes the effective number of valence electrons. This fit is found using the Continuous-Slow Down-Approximation (CSDA), which simplifies the process of estimating an expected penetration range of a given material by applying some of the material’s key characteristics. Using the CSDA, a simple composite analytical formula is created which estimates the range or maximum penetration depth of incident electrons. This formula generates an approximation to the range using the parameter, Nv . The range …
Degradation Of Space Polymers: A Case Study, Kelby T. Peterson
Degradation Of Space Polymers: A Case Study, Kelby T. Peterson
Senior Theses and Projects
Materials International Space Station Experiment 6 (MISSE-6) was an experiment designed to examine the consequences of the space environment on various materials used in space-component design. USU’s contribution was comprised of approximately 180 samples that were suspended from the side of the International Space Station (ISS) for 18 months and returned to allow for pre- and post-flight comparisons. The sample with the most evident changes was a thin film of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MylarTM coated with Vapor Deposited Aluminum (VDA). The post-flight analysis showed evidence of atomic oxygen erosion of the VDA layer, UV-induced discoloration of the polymer, and a …
Model For Charge Injection With Electron Beams Into Highly Disordered Insulating Materials, Jr Dennison, Alec M. Sim, Gregory Wilson
Model For Charge Injection With Electron Beams Into Highly Disordered Insulating Materials, Jr Dennison, Alec M. Sim, Gregory Wilson
Presentations
The Walden-Wintle model for charge injection and transport through highly disordered insulating materials has been extended to include charge injection with a charged particle beam. The original model is applicable to charge injection in a dielectric material from a pair of electrodes in a parallel-plate geometry. It provides a versatile approach to predict the time-dependent current at a rear grounded electrode and the incident surface voltage, as the injection current density evolves over time with the development of a space charge barrier near the injection electrode. The Walden-Wintle model has been applied to many standard cases including Fowler-Nordheim injection, Schottky …
Simulation Of Uv Radiation Degradation Of Polymers On Misse-6 In The Low Earth Orbit Environment, Kelby T. Peterson, Jr Dennison
Simulation Of Uv Radiation Degradation Of Polymers On Misse-6 In The Low Earth Orbit Environment, Kelby T. Peterson, Jr Dennison
Senior Theses and Projects
Materials International Space Station Experiment 6 (MISSE-6) was an experiment designed to examine the consequences of the space environment on various materials used in space-component design. USU’s contribution was comprised of approximately 180 samples that were suspended from the side of the International Space Station (ISS) for 18 months and returned to allow for pre- and post-flight comparisons. The sample with the most evident changes was a thin film of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MylarTM coated with Vapor Deposited Aluminum (VDA). The post-flight analysis showed evidence of atomic oxygen erosion of the VDA layer, UV-induced discoloration of the polymer, and …
Statistical Variation Of Diverse Light Emission Measurements From Bisphenol/Amine Epoxy Under Energetic Electron Bombardment, Justin Christensen
Statistical Variation Of Diverse Light Emission Measurements From Bisphenol/Amine Epoxy Under Energetic Electron Bombardment, Justin Christensen
Senior Theses and Projects
No abstract provided.
Defects Density Of States Model Of Cathodoluminescent Intensity And Spectra Of Disordered Sio2, Amberly Evans Jensen, Jr Dennison
Defects Density Of States Model Of Cathodoluminescent Intensity And Spectra Of Disordered Sio2, Amberly Evans Jensen, Jr Dennison
Journal Articles
Electron beam measurements show that disordered SiO2 exhibits electron-induced luminescence, and that it varies with incident beam energy and current density, sample temperature, and wavelength. A simple model based on the electronic band structure and defect density of states—initially used to explain electron transport in highly disordered insulating materials—has been extended to predict the relative cathodoluminescent intensity and spectral radiance for disordered SiO2 as a function of these variables. Due to the large band gap of insulating SiO2, thermal excitation from the valence to conduction band is highly improbable; excitation is through collisions of the incident …
Variations In Cathodoluminescent Intensity Of Spacecraft Materials Exposed To Energetic Electron Bombardment, Justin Dekany, Justin Christensen, Jr Dennison, Amberly Evans Jensen, Gregory Wilson, Todd Schneider, Charles W. Bowers, Robert Meloy
Variations In Cathodoluminescent Intensity Of Spacecraft Materials Exposed To Energetic Electron Bombardment, Justin Dekany, Justin Christensen, Jr Dennison, Amberly Evans Jensen, Gregory Wilson, Todd Schneider, Charles W. Bowers, Robert Meloy
Journal Articles
Many contemporary spacecraft materials exhibit cathodoluminescence when exposed to electron flux from the space plasma environment. A quantitative, physics-based model has been developed to predict the intensity of the total glow as a function of incident electron current density and energy, temperature, and intrinsic material properties. We present a comparative study of the absolute spectral radiance for more than 20 types of dielectric and composite materials based on this model which spans more than three orders of magnitude. Variations in intensity are contrasted for different electron environments, different sizes of samples and sample sets, different testing and analysis methods, and …