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Full-Text Articles in Physics
Photoemission And Electronic Structure Of Tungsten-Based Metallic Glasses And Alloys , M.A. Engelhardt, Sitaram Jaswal, David J. Sellmyer
Photoemission And Electronic Structure Of Tungsten-Based Metallic Glasses And Alloys , M.A. Engelhardt, Sitaram Jaswal, David J. Sellmyer
David Sellmyer Publications
The structure and electronic density of states of intertransition-metal glasses of the form TxW1-x have been investigated, where T=Cu, Ni, and Co. The film samples were prepared by cosputtering in a chamber with a rapidly rotating, water-cooled substrate. Experiments included x-ray diffraction and ultraviolet photoemission at photon energies of 21.2 and 40.8 eV, and electronic-structure calculations were performed with a self-consistent linear combination of muffin-tin-orbitals method. For the calculations the structures were simulated by either disordered crystalline or amorphous clusters of 60–64 atoms in a periodically extended supercell. The range of amorphous alloy formation was determined …
Magnetic And Structural Properties Of Co/Cr Multilayers With In-Plane Anisotropy, D. Wang, David J. Sellmyer
Magnetic And Structural Properties Of Co/Cr Multilayers With In-Plane Anisotropy, D. Wang, David J. Sellmyer
David Sellmyer Publications
Previously we studied the effect of Cr spacer layer on in-plane coercivity in Co/Cr multilayered films. It was found that the high coercivity is related to the easy axis in-plane orientation and the character of the composition modulation. In this paper, the dependence of the saturation magnetization as a function of Co layer thickness is used to study the interface structure. The layer structure is confirmed by small angle x-ray diffractometry for typical films. The magnetic interaction among the grains is studied by examining deviation from the behavior predicted by the Wohlfarth model for noninteracting single-domain particles. Journal of Applied …
Studies Of Domain Dynamics In Amorphous Dy/Fe Multilayers, Roger D. Kirby, J.X. Shen, Z.S. Shan, David J. Sellmyer
Studies Of Domain Dynamics In Amorphous Dy/Fe Multilayers, Roger D. Kirby, J.X. Shen, Z.S. Shan, David J. Sellmyer
Roger Kirby Publications
Compositionally-modulated Dy/Fe films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates. For this series of samples, the Dy thickness was fixed at 5 Å, while the Fe thickness was varied from 4 to 6 Å. To study the magnetization reversal, the samples were first saturated. The magnetic field was then reversed to a value near the coercive field, and the Kerr rotation was measured as a function of time after reversal. We interpret our results in terms of the model of domain reversal first described by Fatuzzo for ferroelectrics. For some Fe thicknesses, we found that the reversal process …
Development Of The Gd(0001) Band Structure With Film Thickness, Dongqi Li, W. Hutchings, Peter A. Dowben, Rong-Tzong Wu, C. Hwang, M. Onellion, A.B. Andrews, J.L. Erskine
Development Of The Gd(0001) Band Structure With Film Thickness, Dongqi Li, W. Hutchings, Peter A. Dowben, Rong-Tzong Wu, C. Hwang, M. Onellion, A.B. Andrews, J.L. Erskine
Peter Dowben Publications
By growing gadolinium films on W(110), it has been possible to observe the development of the Gd(0001) band structure with increasing film thickness. The changes in the 5d bands as a result of exposure to oxygen or the development of the valence-band structure with increasing film thickness lead to changes in the 5p multiplet oscillator strengths. These changes are a result of the influence of the band structure upon the final-state effects that give rise to such multiplet structures. This study provides conclusive evidence that there is a 5d contribution to the shallow 5p multiplet photoemission …
Fabricating Magnetic Co-Ni-C Thin-Film Alloys By Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition, Yoon-Gi Kim, Dongjin Byun, C. Hutchings, Peter A. Dowben, H. Hejase, K. Schröder
Fabricating Magnetic Co-Ni-C Thin-Film Alloys By Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition, Yoon-Gi Kim, Dongjin Byun, C. Hutchings, Peter A. Dowben, H. Hejase, K. Schröder
Peter Dowben Publications
We have deposited CoxNiy-C films with a variety of compositions to verify dependence of the saturation magnetization on the composition. These experiments suggest that we can produce CoxNiy-C films with a variety of magnetic properties. The CoxNiy-C films were fabricated by ultraviolet decomposition of cobaltocene and nickelocene. We demonstrated that the photolytic decomposition of these metallocenes produces cyclopentadienyl (C5H5) species, consistent with recent studies of the energetics of the ligand metal bonds.
Temperature And Thickness Dependence Of Coercivity And Magnetization Of Co/Cu And Co/Si Multilayers, S. Nafis, John A. Woollam, Z.S. Shan, David J. Sellmyer
Temperature And Thickness Dependence Of Coercivity And Magnetization Of Co/Cu And Co/Si Multilayers, S. Nafis, John A. Woollam, Z.S. Shan, David J. Sellmyer
David Sellmyer Publications
Co/Cu and Co/Si multilayers of total thickness ~3000 Å were prepared by rf and dc magnetron sputtering. The nominal thicknesses of the individual layers were in the range of 4 to 100 Å. A large coercivity (Hc) at 10 K was observed for very thin layers of Co in Co/Cu samples, and it decreased with increase of the Co layer thickness. For very thin layers of Co in Co/Cu samples, the layer behaved superparamagnetically. Similar behavior was not to be observed in Co/Si samples. With increased substrate temperature (Ts) during deposition, Hc was …
The Process-Controlled Magnetic Properties Of Nanostructured Co/Ag Composite Films, Sy_Hwang Liou, S. Malhotra, Z.S. Shan, David J. Sellmyer, S. Nafis, John A. Woollam, C.P. Reed, R.J. Deangelis, G.M. Chow
The Process-Controlled Magnetic Properties Of Nanostructured Co/Ag Composite Films, Sy_Hwang Liou, S. Malhotra, Z.S. Shan, David J. Sellmyer, S. Nafis, John A. Woollam, C.P. Reed, R.J. Deangelis, G.M. Chow
Sy-Hwang Liou Publications
Nanostructured Co/Ag composite films were prepared by magnetron sputtering using a single target. The average crystallite sizes of Co and Ag in the films depend on the deposition conditions. As the substrate temperature increases from 100 °C to 600 °C, the average Ag crystallite size increases from 39 to 452 Å, and the average Co crystallite size increases from Å in the film with 39 vol. % of Co. The films with 39 vol. % of Co and prepared at 400 °C substrate temperature showed a maximum magnetic coercivity of 565 Oe at 6 K. We have studied the correlation …
Temperature And Layer-Thickness Dependencies Of Kerr Rotation In Dy/Co Multilayers, Z.S. Shan, J.X. Shen, Roger D. Kirby, Sy_Hwang Liou, David J. Sellmyer
Temperature And Layer-Thickness Dependencies Of Kerr Rotation In Dy/Co Multilayers, Z.S. Shan, J.X. Shen, Roger D. Kirby, Sy_Hwang Liou, David J. Sellmyer
Sy-Hwang Liou Publications
Amorphous Dy/Co multilayers with the individual layer thickness between 4 and 10 Å in steps of 0.5 to 1 Å were studied systematically over the temperature range 100–300 K. The Kerr rotation increases as temperature decreases, or as Co content increases and the coercivity increases both in the low temperature region and in the vicinity of the compensation point. These characteristics were analyzed in terms of simple models of the magnetic structure and magnetization reversal.
Sputtering Pressure Effect On Microstructure Of Surface And Interface, And On Coercivity Of Co/Pt Multilayers, Ping He, William A. Mcgahan, S. Nafis, John A. Woollam, Z.S. Shan, Sy_Hwang Liou, F. Sequeda, T. Mcdaniel, H. Do
Sputtering Pressure Effect On Microstructure Of Surface And Interface, And On Coercivity Of Co/Pt Multilayers, Ping He, William A. Mcgahan, S. Nafis, John A. Woollam, Z.S. Shan, Sy_Hwang Liou, F. Sequeda, T. Mcdaniel, H. Do
Sy-Hwang Liou Publications
Thin Co/Pt multilayers were prepared on Si and glass substrates by sputtering with Ar pressures ranging from 2.5 to 15 mTorr. The bilayer structure of the samples was Co(3 Å)/Pt(15 Å)×17, and all samples had the easy axis of magnetization perpendicular to the sample surface as determined with a SQUID magnetometer. All samples retained the layered structure, as revealed by low-angle x-ray diffraction. In addition, diffraction peaks due to the formation of Co-Pt compounds (presumably at the interfaces between Co and Pt) were identified. The coercivity of samples changed from about 400 Oe for films deposited at low Ar sputtering …
Pyro-Electro-Optic Phase Gratings, Stephen Ducharme
Pyro-Electro-Optic Phase Gratings, Stephen Ducharme
Stephen Ducharme Publications
A new physical mechanism is proposed for generating transient phase gratings in transparent pyroelectric materials. The mechanism combines the pyroelectric and electro-optic effects to convert spatial intensity variations into transient phase gratings. The grating diffraction efficiency increases with a figure of merit that is proportional to the pyroelectric, electro-optic, and absorption coefficients and is inversely proportional to the specific heat. The grating response time is proportional to the specific heat and inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity. Diffraction efficiencies that approach unity are predicted in several readily available electro-optic materials with modest pulse energies from Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers. Observation …
The Behlen Observatory Variable Star Survey: First Results, Edward G. Schmidt
The Behlen Observatory Variable Star Survey: First Results, Edward G. Schmidt
Edward Schmidt Publications
Various light curve parameters are presented for the first 93 objects in a photometric survey of poorly studied variable stars. Stars from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) fainter than tenth magnitude, north of the equator which were classified as pulsating variables (but excluding the long period, semiregular, and irregular variables) were included. It is shown that two parameters, the acuteness and the rise time, are useful for characterizing the light curves. Several criteria are applied to the photometric data to test the classification of the stars. For 26 stars new or improved classifications are suggested. In particular, there …
Track Physics Model Of Radiation Effects, Robert Katz
Track Physics Model Of Radiation Effects, Robert Katz
Robert Katz Publications
Radiation effects induced by heavy ions in many materials with diverse end points are well described by the conceptual structure and equations of track physics, first developed for heavy ion tracks in nuclear emulsions. The model describes scintillators, biological cell inactivation and mutation, radiation chemistry, latent tracks in insulators, the response of resists to heavy ions, and other systems. A detector is taken to be composed of small targets whose response to ionizing radiation is principally to secondary electrons. The response is calibrated through determination of the probability of target (in)activation as a function of the absorbed dose of γ …
Differential And Total Cross Sections For Ionization Of Helium And Hydrogen By Electrons, M. Eugene Rudd
Differential And Total Cross Sections For Ionization Of Helium And Hydrogen By Electrons, M. Eugene Rudd
M. Eugene Rudd Publications
A comprehensive semiempirical model for singly and doubly differential and total ionization cross sections for electron production by electron impact is presented. The model is discussed in relation to several theoretically required constraints. Available experimental data for hydrogen and helium targets are examined, and recommended values of the data are given for all ranges of primary and secondary energies and angles of ejection.
A Track Physics Model Of Radiation Action, Robert Katz
A Track Physics Model Of Radiation Action, Robert Katz
Robert Katz Publications
A model of radiation action by energetic heavy ions, inspired by a study of particle tracks in electron sensitive emulsion, has been successfully applied to many radiation effects in condensed matter, yielding quantitative descriptions and occasional predictions. Radiation effects are attributed primarily to secondary electrons. Each detector is imagined to be a collection of targets whose radiosensitivity is represented parametrically. We avoid a mechanistic description of detector response so as to retain the global character of the model. Attention is focused on the structure of particle tracks, on the radial deposition of dose about an ion’s path by “δ-rays,” and …
Electronic And Magnetic Structures Of The Rare-Earth Compounds R2Fe17NΞ, Sitaram Jaswal, W.B. Yelon, George C. Hadjipanayis, Y.Z. Wang, David J. Sellmyer
Electronic And Magnetic Structures Of The Rare-Earth Compounds R2Fe17NΞ, Sitaram Jaswal, W.B. Yelon, George C. Hadjipanayis, Y.Z. Wang, David J. Sellmyer
David Sellmyer Publications
Structural and magnetic properties of the rare-earth compounds R2Fe17Nξ have been studied with neutron-diffraction measurements and self-consistent spin-polarized electronic-structure calculations. The diffraction results indicate for the Nd compound that N goes into two sites in two or more phases of varying fractional N occupations. For the Y compound N occupies only one site. Electronic-structure calculations for Y2Fe17 and Y2Fe17N3 give excellent results for site-dependent Fe moments, and, with spin-fluctuation theory, explain the large change in the Curie temperature on nitrogenation.
Construction Of A Quasiconserved Quantity In The Henon-Heiles Problem Using A Single Set Of Variables, Paul Finkler, C. Edward Jones, Glenn A. Sowell
Construction Of A Quasiconserved Quantity In The Henon-Heiles Problem Using A Single Set Of Variables, Paul Finkler, C. Edward Jones, Glenn A. Sowell
Paul Finkler Papers
The problem of finding the coefficients of a simple series expansion for a quasiconserved quantity K for the Henon-Heiles Hamiltonian H using a single set of variables is solved. In the past, this type of approach has been problematic because the solution to the equations determining the coefficients in the expansion is not unique. As a result, the existence of a consistent expression for K to all orders had not previously been established. We show how to deal with this arbitrariness in the expansion coefficients for K in a consistent way. Due to this arbitrariness, we find a class of …
Target Dependence Of Angular Distributions For Near-Threshold (E,2E) Processes, Cheng Pan, Anthony F. Starace
Target Dependence Of Angular Distributions For Near-Threshold (E,2E) Processes, Cheng Pan, Anthony F. Starace
Anthony F. Starace Publications
Distorted-wave calculations of the triply differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of H and He targets are presented for final-state electrons sharing 4-eV excess energy and leaving in opposite directions. The experimentally observed target dependence of the angular distributions is shown to stem essentially from short-range effects on the s-wave phase shifts of both incident and final-state continuum electrons.
Angular Distribution Of Electrons Following Two-Photon Ionization Of The Ar Atom And Two-Photon Detachment Of The F- Ion, Cheng Pan, Anthony F. Starace
Angular Distribution Of Electrons Following Two-Photon Ionization Of The Ar Atom And Two-Photon Detachment Of The F- Ion, Cheng Pan, Anthony F. Starace
Anthony F. Starace Publications
Angular-distribution asymmetry parameters for photoelectrons produced by two-photon ionization of the Ar atom and two-photon detachment of the F- ion are calculated for photon energies below the thresholds for single-photon ionization and single-photon detachment, respectively. Effects of electron correlations are included by perturbative methods. Good agreement is obtained between our results and those of a recent experimental angular-distribution measurement of two-photon detachment of the F- ion at λ=532 nm [C. Blondel, M. Crance, C. Delsart, and A. Giraud (unpublished)].
One- And Two-Photon Detachment Of H- With Excitation Of H(N=2), Chih-Ray Liu, Ning-Yu Du, Anthony F. Starace
One- And Two-Photon Detachment Of H- With Excitation Of H(N=2), Chih-Ray Liu, Ning-Yu Du, Anthony F. Starace
Anthony F. Starace Publications
The cross sections for one- and two-photon detachment of H- with excitation of the degenerate H(2s) and H(2p) levels are calculated within an adiabatic hyperspherical representation. Both the partial cross sections, σ(2s) and σ(2s), and the photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameters are obtained. Our one-photon detachment results are dominated by the 1P0 shape resonance feature above threshold, which is well known from prior theoretical and experimental work, with which our results are compared in detail. Our two-photon detachment cross sections and angular distribution asymmetry parameters exhibit a half-cycle of dipole-field-induced …
Recoil Ions From Near-Zero-Impact-Parameter H+-Xe Collisions In The Range 20- 70 Kev, Wen-Qin Cheng, M. Eugene Rudd
Recoil Ions From Near-Zero-Impact-Parameter H+-Xe Collisions In The Range 20- 70 Kev, Wen-Qin Cheng, M. Eugene Rudd
M. Eugene Rudd Publications
Recoil ions from very small impact-parameter collisions of 20-70-keV protons with xenon atoms were selected by viewing only those ejected at 50° and 70° from the beam direction. These ions were charge-state analyzed and the cross sections determined for the production of charge states up to 6+. In such collisions, multiple ionization accounts for 60-80% of the ionizing collisions and 80-90 % of the total ionization.
Rbe Vs. Dose For Low Doses Of High-Let Radiations, Robert Katz, F. A. Cucinotta
Rbe Vs. Dose For Low Doses Of High-Let Radiations, Robert Katz, F. A. Cucinotta
Robert Katz Publications
(LET) radiations varies with cellular radiosensitivity parameters and the radiation environment. Of special interest is that the RBE varies as the dose of high-LET radiation to the power (1/m - 1) where /m is the “target number” parameter, which varies from 2-4 in different cell lines. This applies to neutrons as well as to heavy ions at sufficiently low doses such that cells are not activated in the γ-kill mode; that is, the tracks of single heavy ions are sufficiently far apart so that there are few cases of inter-track inactivation.
Comment On “Microdosimetry And Katz’S Track Structure Theory” By Marco Zaider, Robert Katz
Comment On “Microdosimetry And Katz’S Track Structure Theory” By Marco Zaider, Robert Katz
Robert Katz Publications
To test radiobiological models one needs data from X- or γ-ray and HZE track segment irradiations of the widest possible dynamic range in dose, LET, end points, and test objects (enzymes, viruses, bacteria, cells, tissues, organs, and organisms). Some data are currently available. There are excellent data on the inactivation of dry enzymes and viruses which should serve as a test of every biophysical model. On many occasions Zaider has asserted the superiority of microdosimetric over track structure models, asserting that “radial dose distributions (on which track structure theory is based) are generally poor substitutes for exact microdosimetric distributions.” I …
Probing The Metal-Nonmetal Transition In Thin Metal Overlayers Using Resonant Photoemission, Peter A. Dowben, D. Lagraffe, Dongqi Li, G. Vidali, L. Zhang, L. Dottl, M. Onellion
Probing The Metal-Nonmetal Transition In Thin Metal Overlayers Using Resonant Photoemission, Peter A. Dowben, D. Lagraffe, Dongqi Li, G. Vidali, L. Zhang, L. Dottl, M. Onellion
Peter Dowben Publications
We have studied one and two monolayers of barium on Ni(111) and of mercury on Cu(100). Using resonant photoemission, we have found core excited electrons become delocalized with increasing barium coverage. Similarly, upon formation of the mercury bilayer (as determined by low-energy electron diffraction and by atom-beam scattering), there is a substantial increase in the screening of the photohole. A transition of the electronic structure akin to a metal-nonmetal (metal-insulator) transition is apparent in these final-state effects. The band structure for Hg is similar to the band structure expected for a free-standing film with a free-electron sd band. The delocalization …
Novel Methods For Deposition Of Boron Carbide Films, J. Mazurowski, S. Baral-Tosh, G. Ramseyer, J.T. Spencer, Yoon-Gi Kim, Peter A. Dowben
Novel Methods For Deposition Of Boron Carbide Films, J. Mazurowski, S. Baral-Tosh, G. Ramseyer, J.T. Spencer, Yoon-Gi Kim, Peter A. Dowben
Peter Dowben Publications
By combining pentaborane (B5H9) and decarborane (B10H14) with methane in a plasma reactor, a variety of boron-carbides can be made over a wide range of compositions. The resulting thin films have uniform composition and appear to be polycrystalline.
The Deposition Of Nickel Boride Thin Films By Borane And Metallaborane Cluster Compounds, John A. Glass Jr., Shreyas Kher, Yoon-Gi Kim, Peter A. Dowben, James T. Spencer
The Deposition Of Nickel Boride Thin Films By Borane And Metallaborane Cluster Compounds, John A. Glass Jr., Shreyas Kher, Yoon-Gi Kim, Peter A. Dowben, James T. Spencer
Peter Dowben Publications
The deposition of high purity and controlled stoichiometry metal boride thin-film materials has recently received considerable interest. Borane clusters and their corresponding metal complexes are currently Wig investigated in our laboratories for their utility as unique source materials for the formation of metallic boride thin films by MOCVD. Variable composition nickel boride thin films ranging from 0.1 micron to several microns have been prepared. These new materials have been characterized by SEM, AES and XES. The magnetic properties of these new films have been investigated with torque magnetometry and magneto-optic Kerr effect magnetometry.
Thermal Desorption Of Hg Monolayers From Cu(100), Y.J. Kime, Jiandi Zhang, Peter A. Dowben
Thermal Desorption Of Hg Monolayers From Cu(100), Y.J. Kime, Jiandi Zhang, Peter A. Dowben
Peter Dowben Publications
A two dimensional phase transition from one adlayer structure to another is an inherent part of the thermal desorption of one monolayer of Hg on Cu(100). The energetics of this phase transition have been studied using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The TDS spectra reflect the coexistence of the two structural phases for a range of Hg exposures. The TDS spectra have been analyzed within a Polanyi-Wigner framework modified to account for the phase transition.
Effect Of Microstructure On Coercivity Of C-Axis In-Plane-Oriented Co/Cr Multilayered Films, D. Wang, David J. Sellmyer, George C. Hadjipanayis
Effect Of Microstructure On Coercivity Of C-Axis In-Plane-Oriented Co/Cr Multilayered Films, D. Wang, David J. Sellmyer, George C. Hadjipanayis
David Sellmyer Publications
The effect of the insertion of nonmagnetic Cr planes on coercivities of thin Co films has been studied in Co/Cr multilayered films. The in-plane coercivity Hc║ can be as high as 1800 Oe and can be adjusted easily, ranging from 650 to 1800 Oe. The large Hc║ is related to the Co(110) in-plane orientation which is induced by a Cr(100) in-plane-oriented underlayer. In addition, it appears that a decreasing saturation magnetization Ms, a decreasing average structural coherence length D in the direction perpendicular to the film, and a narrowing distribution of D are correlated …
Magneto-Optic And Optical Characterization Of Tb/Co Compositionally Modulated Amorphous Films, Liang-Yao Chen, Ping He, S. Nafis, William A. Mcgahan, John A. Woollam, David J. Sellmyer
Magneto-Optic And Optical Characterization Of Tb/Co Compositionally Modulated Amorphous Films, Liang-Yao Chen, Ping He, S. Nafis, William A. Mcgahan, John A. Woollam, David J. Sellmyer
David Sellmyer Publications
Amorphous Tb/Co compositionally modulated films were deposited on Si substrates with different modulation layer thicknesses ranging from about 2.5 to 15 Å. The nominal Tb to Co layer thickness ratios were systematically varied and the complex refractive index (n and k) and polar magneto-optical Kerr effects (rotation and ellipticity) were measured in the 3000–8000-Å spectral range as well. The samples were divided into two groups. In one group, the thickness of the Co layers was fixed, the Tb layer thickness varied. In the second group, the thickness of the Tb layer was fixed, and that of the Co …
Magneto-Optical Properties Of Mnbial Thin Films, J. X. Shen, Roger D. Kirby, David J. Sellmyer, Y. J. Wang
Magneto-Optical Properties Of Mnbial Thin Films, J. X. Shen, Roger D. Kirby, David J. Sellmyer, Y. J. Wang
Roger Kirby Publications
Mn-Bi-Al thin films. were produced by sequential evaporation of the constituents, followed by an anneal at 300 °C. The temperature and composition dependencies of the Kerr rotation angle, absolute reflectivity, and magnetic anisotropy were measured. The results show that, up to 30 at. % Al concentration, the thin films retain the pure MnBi hexagonal structure. Further, for suitable Al content, the films have the same large Kerr rotation as MnBi. Pure MnBi films exhibit perpendicular anisotropy at room temperature and in-plane anisotropy for temperatures below 142 K. In contrast,. the Al-doped films prepared here have perpendicular anisotropy down to at …
The Process-Controlled Magnetic Properties In Nanostructured Fe/Ag Composite Films, Y.Z. Zhang, Sy_Hwang Liou, R.J. Deangelis, K.W. Lee, C.P. Reed, A. Nazareth
The Process-Controlled Magnetic Properties In Nanostructured Fe/Ag Composite Films, Y.Z. Zhang, Sy_Hwang Liou, R.J. Deangelis, K.W. Lee, C.P. Reed, A. Nazareth
Sy-Hwang Liou Publications
Nanostructured Fe/Ag composite films were prepared by magnetron sputtering using a single target. Correlations between the microstructure and magnetic properties, in particular the effects of cluster-size distribution in the films, are discussed. The cluster-size distribution was calculated by analyzing the width and shape of the x-ray-diffraction peaks. The average cluster size in the films increased from 42 to 295 Å and from 38 to 320 Å in the systems of 41 and 27 vol % of Fe, respectively, as the substrate temperature increased from 100 to 500 °C. The maximum magnetic coercivity, as high as 900 Oe, has been observed …