Physics Commons^™

Coefficient Of Bohm Diffusion In Fully Ionized Plasma And Its Theoretical Proof, Ahmad Talaei, Reza Amrollahi

Ahmad Talaei

Guiding Of Laser Beams In Plasmas By Radiation Cascade Compression, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Gennady Shvets

Serge Youri Kalmykov

The near-resonant beatwave excitation of an electron plasma wave (EPW) can be employed for generating trains of few-fs electromagnetic pulses in rarefied plasmas. The EPW produces a co-moving index grating that induces a laser phase modulation at the beat frequency. Consequently, the cascade of sidebands red- and blue-shifted from the fundamental by integer multiples of the beat frequency is generated in the laser spectrum. When the beat frequency is lower than the electron plasma frequency, the phase chirp enables laser beatnote compression by the group velocity dispersion [S. Kalmykov and G. Shvets, Phys. Rev. E 73, 46403 (2006)]. In the …

Injection, Trapping, And Acceleration Of Electrons In A Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Laser Wakefield, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Leonid M. Gorbunov, Patrick Mora, Gennady Shvets

Serge Youri Kalmykov

It is demonstrated that the accelerating and focusing phases of the nonlinear three-dimensional axisymmetric laser wake can almost entirely overlap starting from a certain distance behind the laser pulse in homogeneous plasma. Such field structure results from the curvature of phase fronts due to the radially inhomogeneous relativistic shift of plasma frequency. Consequently, the number of trapped low-energy electrons can be much greater than that predicted by the linear wake theory. This effect is favorable for quasi-monoenergetic acceleration of a considerable charge (several hundreds of pC) to about 1 GeV per electron in the plasma wakefield driven by an ultrashort …

Snapshots Of Laser Wakefields, Nicholas H. Matlis, Steven A. Reed, Stepan S. Bulanov, Vladimir Chvykov, Galina Kalintchenko, Takeshi Matsuoka, Pascal Rousseau, Victor Yanovsky, Anatoly Maksimchuk, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Gennady Shvets, Michael C. Downer

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Tabletop plasma accelerators can now produce GeV-range electron beams and femtosecond X-ray pulses, providing compact radiation sources for medicine, nuclear engineering, materials science and high-energy physics. In these accelerators, electrons surf on electric fields exceeding 100 GeV m^{−1}, which is more than 1,000 times stronger than achievable in conventional accelerators. These fields are generated within plasma structures (such as Langmuir waves or electron density ‘bubbles’) propagating near light speed behind laser or charged-particle driving pulses. Here, we demonstrate single-shot visualization of laser-wakefield accelerator structures for the first time. Our ‘snapshots’ capture the evolution of multiple wake periods, detect structure variations …

Simulation Of Ultrashort Laser Pulses In Nonlinear Media, Jeremy Gulley

Jeremy R. Gulley

No abstract is currently available.

Real-Time Measurements On Electron Plasma Response In Dielectrics Under Influence Of Ultrafast Laser Radiation, Sebastian Winkler, Jeremy Gulley, Igor Burakov, Razvan Stoian, Nadezhda Bulgakova, Anton Husakou, Alexandre Mermillod-Blondin, Arkadi Rosenfeld, David Ashkenasi, Ingolf Hertel, William Dennis

Jeremy R. Gulley

No abstract is currently available.

Nanostructured Bi2se3 Films And Their Thermoelectric Transport Properties., Xiaofeng Qiu, Leah Austin, Philip Muscarella, Jeffrey Dyck, Clemens Burda

Jeffrey Dyck

No abstract provided.

Precision And Accuracy Of Thermal Calibration Of Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilevers, Nancy Burnham, G Matei, E Thoreson, J Pratt, D Newell

Nancy A. Burnham

To have confidence in force measurements made with atomic force microscopes(AFMs), the spring constant of the AFM cantilevers should be known with good precision and accuracy, a topic not yet thoroughly treated in the literature. In this study, we compared the stiffnesses of uncoated tipless uniform rectangular silicon cantilevers among thermal, loading, and geometric calibration methods; loading was done against an artifact from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The artifact was calibrated at NIST using forces that were traceable to the International System of units. The precision and accuracy of the thermal method were found to be …

Selective Light-Induced Desorption: The Mechanism Of Photoalignment Of Liquid Crystals At Adsorbing Solid Surfaces, V. G. Nazarenko, O. P. Boiko, A. B. Nych, Yu. A. Nastishin, V. M. Pergamenshchik, Philip J. Bos

Philip J. Bos

We demonstrate experimentally that bare solid surfaces with adsorbed organic molecules can orient liquid crystals after UV light irradiation. The detailed structure and behavior of the surface-adsorbed molecules are not important to the effect: just their UV light absorption should depend on their orientation. The only requirement to the solid substrates is their transparency to the UV light. The universal reason for the photoinduced anisotropy in such systems is that photons clean from the surface those molecules that absorb them most intensively. This is a kind of light rubbing resulting in the anisotropic ablation of the adsorbed material.

Substantial Pressure Effect On The Resistivity And Curie Temperature For The Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Sb2–X Vx Te3., Jeffrey Dyck, K. Ahilan, M. Aronson, C. Uher, P. Lošťák

Jeffrey Dyck

The influence of hydrostatic pressure on the electrical resistivity ρ and ferromagnetic transition temperature T C of bulk, single crystal Sb1–x Vx Te3 with x = 0.03 is presented. Pressure strongly suppresses ρ at all temperatures, with an overall decrease of about 35% at 1.6 GPa. The peak in ρ , a signature of T C, moves to lower temperature with increasing pressure. An overall suppression of T C near 40% at 1.6 GPa is observed. The results are discussed within the context of a carrier-mediated ferromagnetic exchange interaction.

Bistable Linear Electro-Optical Switching In The B-7 ' Phase Of Novel Bent-Core, S. Umadevi, Antal Jakli, B. K. Sadashiva

Antal Jakli

Three novel symmetrical bent-core compounds were synthesized where the terminal alkoxy linkages of the original bent-core inesogen forming a B-2 phase was converted to n-alkyl carboxylates. It is found that instead of the B-2 phase, all three compounds exhibit a transition between B-7' and B-2 mesophases. The physical and electro-optical properties have been investigated by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and electric field experiments. The higher temperature B-7' phase has been shown to exhibit bistable but analogous linear electro-optical Switching Without,my observable polarization peak. We analyze two theoretical models and find that a local triclinic symmetry may …

Compression Of Laser Radiation In Plasmas Via Electromagnetic Cascading, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Gennady Shvets

Serge Youri Kalmykov

A train of few-laser-cycle relativistically intense radiation spikes with a terahertz repetition rate can be organized self-consistently in plasma from two frequency detuned co-propagating laser beams of low intensity. Large frequency bandwidth for the compression of spikes is produced via laser-induced periodic modulation of the plasma refractive index. The beat-wave-driven electron plasma wave downshifted from the plasma frequency creates a moving index grating thus inducing a periodic phase modulation of the driving laser (in spectral terms, electromagnetic cascading). The group velocity dispersion compresses the chirped laser beat notes to a few-cycle duration and relativistic intensity either concurrently in the same, …

Post-Outburst Infrared Spectra Of V1647 Ori, The Illuminating Star Of Mcneil's Nebula, Erika Gibb, T W. Rettig, S D. Brittain, D Wasikowski, Theodore Simon, William D. Vacca, Michael C. Cushing

Erika Gibb

Velocity Imaging For The Liquid–Gas Interface In The Near Field Of An Atomizing Spray: Proof Of Concept, David L. Sedarsky, Megan E. Paciaroni, Mark A. Linne, James R. Gord, Terrence R. Meyer

Terrence R Meyer

We describe adaptation of ballistic imaging for the liquid core of an atomizing spray. To describe unambiguously the forces that act to break apart the liquid core in a spray, one must directly measure the force vectors themselves. It would be invaluable, therefore, to obtain velocity and acceleration data at the liquid-gas interface. We employ double-image ballistic imaging to extract velocity information through the application of image analysis algorithms. This method is shown to be effective for liquid phase droplet features within the resolution limit of the imaging system. In light of these results, it is clear that a three- …

Nonlinear Evolution Of The Plasma Beat Wave: Compressing The Laser Beat Notes Via Electromagnetic Cascading, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Gennady Shvets

Serge Youri Kalmykov

The near-resonant beat wave excitation of an electron plasma wave (EPW) can be employed for generating the trains of few-femtosecond electromagnetic (EM) pulses in rarefied plasmas. The EPW produces a comoving index grating that induces a laser phase modulation at the difference frequency. As a result, the cascade of sidebands red and blue shifted by integer multiples of the beat frequency is generated in the laser spectrum. The bandwidth of the phase-modulated laser is proportional to the product of the plasma length, laser wavelength, and amplitude of the electron density perturbation. When the beat frequency is lower than the electron …

Substrate Rigidity Regulates The Formation And Maintenance Of Tissues, Nancy Burnham, Wei-Hui Guo, Margo Frey, Yu-Li Wang

Nancy A. Burnham

The ability of cells to form tissues represents one of the most fundamental issues in biology. However, it is unclear what triggers cells to adhere to one another in tissues and to migrate once a piece of tissue is planted on culture surfaces. Using substrates of identical chemical composition but different flexibility, we show that this process is controlled by substrate rigidity: on stiff substrates, cells migrate away from one another and spread on surfaces, whereas on soft substrates they merge to form tissue-like structures. Similar behavior was observed not only with fibroblastic and epithelial cell lines but also explants …

High Magnetic Field Thermal-Expansion And Magnetostriction Of Uru2si2, Victor Correa, Timothy Murphy, Eric Palm, Stanley Tozer, Peter Sharma, Neil Harrison, Jamie Marcelo, George Schmiedeshoff, John Mydosh

George Schmiedeshoff

We present high magnetic field (up to 45 T) thermal-expansion and magnetostriction results on URu2Si2 single crystals. The volume change associated with the transition to the ``hidden'' order phase becomes increasingly discontinous as the magnetic field is raised above 30 T. This confirms recent thermal conductivity and specific heat experiments indicating a strong coupling between the ``hidden'' order parameter and the lattice which suggest some sort of charge ordered state. Several other transitions are observed at higher fields, many of them showing hysteresis, while a change in the sign of the magnetostriction coefficient is observed at the metamagnetic transition (BM …

An Undular Bore Solution For The Higher-Order Korteweg-De Vries Equation, Tim Marchant

Tim Marchant

Undular bores describe the evolution and smoothing out of an initial step in mean height and are frequently observed in both oceanographic and meteorological applications. The undular bore solution for the higher-order Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is derived, using an asymptotic transformation which relates the KdV equation and its higher-order counterpart. The higher-order KdV equation considered includes all possible third-order correction terms (where the KdV equation retains second-order terms). The asymptotic transformation is then applied to the KdV undular bore solution to obtain the higher-order undular bore. Examples of higher-order undular bores, describing both surface and internal waves, are presented. …

Solitary Wave Interaction And Evolution For A Higher-Order Hirota Equation, Tim Marchant

Tim Marchant

Solitary wave interaction and evolution for a higher-order Hirota equation is examined. The higher-order Hirota equation is asymptotically transformed to a higher-order member of the NLS hierarchy of integrable equations, if the higher-order coefficients satisfy a certain algebraic relationship. The transformation is used to derive higher-order one- and two-soliton solutions. It is shown that the interaction is asymptotically elastic and the higher-order corrections to the coordinate and phase shifts are derived. For the higher-order Hirota equation resonance occurs between the solitary waves and linear radiation, so soliton perturbation theory is used to determine the details of the evolving wave and …

Modelling A Wool Scour Bowl, Tim Marchant

Tim Marchant

Wool scouring is the process of washing dirty wool after shearing. Our model simulates, using the advection-diffusion equation, the movement of contaminants within a scour bowl. The effects of varying the important parameters are investigated. Interesting, but simple, relationships are found which give insight into the dynamics of a scour bowl.

Jet-Based Methods To Print Living Cells, Bradley Ringeisen, Christina Othon, Jason Barron, H Young, Barry Spargo

Christina M Othon

Cell printing has been popularized over the past few years as a revolutionary advance in tissue engineering has potentially enabled heterogeneous 3-D scaffolds to be built cell-by-cell. This review article summarizes the state-of-the-art cell printing techniques that utilize fluid jetting phenomena to deposit 2- and 3-D patterns of living eukaryotic cells. There are four distinct categories of jetbased approaches to printing cells. Laser guidance direct write (LG DW) was the first reported technique to print viable cells by forming patterns of embryonic-chick spinal-cord cells on a glass slide (1999). Shortly after this, modified laser-induced forward transfer techniques (LIFT) and modified …

High-Performance Low-Temperature Transparent Conducting Aluminum-Doped Zno Thin Films And Applications, Xt Hao, Lw Tan, Ks Ong, F.R. Zhu

Professor ZHU, Fu Rong

No abstract provided.

Metric Modifications For A Massive Spin 1 Particle, Br Holstein

Barry R Holstein

Previous evaluations of long range one-photon and one-graviton-loop corrections to the energy-momentum tensor and the metric tensor describing spacetime in the vicinity of massive spinless and spin 1/2 systems have been extended to particles with unit spin and speculations are confirmed concerning universal properties of such forms.

Metric Modifications For A Massive Spin 1 Particle, Barry R. Holstein

Barry R Holstein

Previous evaluations of long range one-photon and one-graviton-loop corrections to the energy-momentum tensor and the metric tensor describing spacetime in the vicinity of massive spinless and spin 1/2 systems have been extended to particles with unit spin and speculations are confirmed concerning universal properties of such forms.

Observation Of Multiple Thresholds In The Cavity Qed Microlaser", Christopher Fang-Yen, C C. Yu, S Ha, K An, R R. Dasari, M S. Feld

Christopher Fang-Yen

No abstract provided.

Relation Between Rotational And Translational Dynamic Heterogeneities In Water, M. Mazza, N. Giovambattista, Francis W. Starr, H. E. Stanley

Francis Starr

No abstract provided.

Shape-Persistent V-Shaped Mesogens-Formation Of Nematic Phases With Biaxial Order, Matthias Lehmann, Shin-Woong Kang, Christiane Köhn, Sönke Haseloh, Ute Kolb, Dieter Schollmeyer, Qingbing Wang, Satyendra Kumar

Satyendra Kumar

A homologous series of shape-persistent V-shaped molecules has been designed to form the biaxial nematic phase. Phenyleneethynylene moieties are attached to a bent fluorenone unit to create an apex angle of about 90°, which is determined from the single crystal structure. Two mesogens, one symmetric and another unsymmetric, have been synthesized by attaching a cyano group to one or both of the peripheral phenyl units, respectively. These groups introduce local dipoles essential for the formation of the nematic phases. The tendency to form a crystalline phase is reduced by laterally substituted hexyloxy chains which allow the nematic phase to be …

Quantum Trajectory Studies Of Many-Atom And Finite Transit-Time Effects In A Cavity Qed Microlaser Or Micromaser, Christopher Fang-Yen

Christopher Fang-Yen

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Violet Emission From Rb Optical Pumping Cells Used In Laser-Polarized Xenon Nmr Experiments, Indrajit Saha, Panayiotis Nikolaou, Nicholas Whiting, Boyd M. Goodson

Nicholas Whiting