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Articles 1 - 30 of 76
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Azo-Dye-Functionalized Polycarbonate Membranes For Textile Dye And Nitrate Ion Removal, Carrie Cockerham, Ashton Caruthers, Jeremy Mccloud, Laura Fortner, Sungmin Youn, Sean P. Mcbride
Azo-Dye-Functionalized Polycarbonate Membranes For Textile Dye And Nitrate Ion Removal, Carrie Cockerham, Ashton Caruthers, Jeremy Mccloud, Laura Fortner, Sungmin Youn, Sean P. Mcbride
Physics Faculty Research
Challenges exist in the wastewater treatment of dyes produced by the world’s growing textiles industry. Common problems facing traditional wastewater treatments include low retention values and breaking the chemical bonds of some dye molecules, which in some cases can release byproducts that can be more harmful than the original dye. This research illustrates that track-etched polycarbonate filtration membranes with 100-nanometer diameter holes can be functionalized with azo dye direct red 80 at 1000 µM, creating a filter that can then be used to remove the entire negatively charged azo dye molecule for a 50 µM solution of the same dye, …
Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Assisted With Lead-Free Perovskite Halide, Judy Fan
Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Assisted With Lead-Free Perovskite Halide, Judy Fan
Physics Faculty Research
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have shown promising alternative to Si-based counterparts due to low-cost, abundant raw materials, and non-vacuum processing. Here, we report a solution-based process to create flexible DSSCs on aluminum foils. Mesoporous TiO2 electrode was directly deposited on Al foil through spin casting. After post-thermal annealing, the resultant samples render optical smooth, crack-free, and large nanocrystalline thin films. The as-prepared double-layer porous TiO2 thin film was incorporated with a porphyrin dye followed by a perovskite halide salt Cs2SnI6, as the hole transport material, replacing liquid electrolyte. A transparent conducting plastic sheet was …
Luminescence Emission In A Nanocrystal Doped By A Transition Metal Impurity, George Chappell Jr.
Luminescence Emission In A Nanocrystal Doped By A Transition Metal Impurity, George Chappell Jr.
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
In this thesis we consider the structure of magnetic ion centers with 3d-electrons in quantum dots under the effects of Coulomb and exchange interaction between the 3d-electrons of the impurity centers and the confined electrons (or holes) existing inside the nanocrystals. In particular, we are interested how this interaction changes the photoluminescence properties of those materials. We will make use of representation theory and the symmetry of the crystal structure to find the orthonormal wave functions that make up the wave functions of the outer, 3d-electrons inside our dot. The Coulomb and exchange interaction …
Analytic Modeling Of Eccentric Binary Black Holes : From Inspiral To Merger, Dillon Paige Buskirk
Analytic Modeling Of Eccentric Binary Black Holes : From Inspiral To Merger, Dillon Paige Buskirk
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
The orbital evolution of black hole binaries is described by two main phases: the inspiral and the merger. Using the post-Newtonian (PN) theory for the inspiral phase of the binary, we build up a Mathematica script to obtain strain waveforms for the inspiral. We expand our previous inspiral formulation to include eccentric orbits, which greatly complicates the calculations. Since this model breaks down as the two bodies approach merger, a separate model for the merger and ring-down is required. This part of the evolution is highly non-linear and numerical relativity (NR) is required to simulate this problem. However, this is …
Hybrid Excitations In Organic-Semiconductor Materials, David W. Facemyer
Hybrid Excitations In Organic-Semiconductor Materials, David W. Facemyer
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
It has been suggested theoretically and realized experimentally that combining organic material and inorganic semiconductors in one heterostructure would result in resonant interactions between the Frenkel excitons in the organic material and the Wannier-Mott excitons in the semiconductors, leading to the formation of an exciton hybridization state. The new materials, possessing the complimentary characteristics of both exciton types, such as large exciton radius, enormous oscillator strength and room-temperature operation properties, would enhance optical nonlinearities and promise to have useful applications in both the field of Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons and polariton lasers. In this work, we consider a strong coupling …
Developments Towards High-Flux Silica Nanosphere Substrates To Support Conforming Self-Assembled Gold Nanoparticle Monolayers For Applications In Size-Selective Filtration, Ryan Baker Vincent
Developments Towards High-Flux Silica Nanosphere Substrates To Support Conforming Self-Assembled Gold Nanoparticle Monolayers For Applications In Size-Selective Filtration, Ryan Baker Vincent
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Hydrophobic thiol coated gold nanoparticles have recently been investigated for their ability to self-assemble into robust, ultra-thin, porous membranes at a liquid-vapor interface. Due to the well-ordered, hexagonal close-packed nanoparticle arrays formed during the self-assembly process, these 2-dimensional sheets have very well-defined pore structures and have been shown to span gaps of several microns under ideal conditions. While these self-assembled nanoparticle monolayers have very promising applications in the field of size-selective filtration due to their well-defined pore structure, they need to be supported by a rigid substrate with a large amount of open area. Here, tightly packed arrays of silica …
Evidence For Terahertz Acoustic Phonon Parametric Oscillator Based On Acousto-Optic Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing In A Silicon Doping Superlattice, Thomas E. Wilson
Evidence For Terahertz Acoustic Phonon Parametric Oscillator Based On Acousto-Optic Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing In A Silicon Doping Superlattice, Thomas E. Wilson
Physics Faculty Research
We report evidence for a 1.0-THz self-starting mirrorless acoustic phonon parametric oscillator (MAPPO) produced from acousto-optic phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave (D4WM) mixing in a THz laser-pumped silicon doping superlattice (DSL). The DSL was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a (100) boron-doped silicon substrate. A superconducting NbTiN subwavelength grating was used to couple the THz laser radiation into the DSL. Superconducting granular aluminum bolometric detection, coupled with Si:B piezophonon spectroscopy, revealed excitation of THz coherent compressional and shear waves, along the ⟨111⟩ direction only. The Bragg scattering condition for distributed feedback, and the energy conservation requirement for the D4WM process, were …
Evidence For Terahertz Acoustic Phonon Parametric Oscillator Based On Acousto-Optic Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing In A Silicon Doping Superlattice, Thomas E. Wilson
Evidence For Terahertz Acoustic Phonon Parametric Oscillator Based On Acousto-Optic Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing In A Silicon Doping Superlattice, Thomas E. Wilson
Physics Faculty Research
We report evidence for a 1.0-THz self-starting mirrorless acoustic phonon parametric oscillator (MAPPO) produced from acousto-optic phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave (D4WM) mixing in a THz laser-pumped silicon doping superlattice (DSL). The DSL was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a (100) boron-doped silicon substrate. A superconducting NbTiN subwavelength grating was used to couple the THz laser radiation into the DSL. Superconducting granular aluminum bolometric detection, coupled with Si:B piezophonon spectroscopy, revealed excitation of THz coherent compressional and shear waves, along the ⟨111⟩ direction only. The Bragg scattering condition for distributed feedback, and the energy conservation requirement for the D4WM process, were …
Conforming Nanoparticle Sheets To Surfaces With Gaussian Curvature, Noah P. Mitchell, Remington L. Carey, Jelani Hannah, Yifan Wang, Sean P. Mcbride, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger
Conforming Nanoparticle Sheets To Surfaces With Gaussian Curvature, Noah P. Mitchell, Remington L. Carey, Jelani Hannah, Yifan Wang, Sean P. Mcbride, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger
Physics Faculty Research
Nanoparticle monolayer sheets are ultrathin inorganic-organic hybrid materials that combine highly controllable optical and electrical properties with mechanical exibility and remarkable strength. Like other thin sheets, their low bending rigidity allows them to easily roll into or conform to cylindrical geometries. Nanoparticle monolayers not only can bend, but also cope with strain through local particle rearrangement and plastic deformation. This means that, unlike thin sheets such as paper or graphene, nanoparticle sheets can much more easily conform to surfaces with com- plex topography characterized by non-zero Gaussian curvature, like spherical caps or saddles. Here, we investigate the limits of nanoparticle …
Thermo-Mechanical Response Of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Membranes, Yifan Wang, Henry Chan, Badri Narayanan, Sean P. Mcbride, Subramanian K.R.S. Sankaranarayanan, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger
Thermo-Mechanical Response Of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Membranes, Yifan Wang, Henry Chan, Badri Narayanan, Sean P. Mcbride, Subramanian K.R.S. Sankaranarayanan, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger
Physics Faculty Research
Ultrathin membranes composed of metallic or semiconducting nanoparticles capped with short ligand molecules are hybrid materials that have attracted considerable research interest.1-12 In contrast to two-dimensional (2D) membranes such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers, nanoparticle membranes can be engineered to achieve widely tunable mechanical, electronic or optical properties through different combinations of inorganic cores and organic ligands. In terms of mechanical properties, these membranes can form large area (tens of microns in diameter) freestanding structures with high Young’s moduli (~GPa) and fracture strength.1,13-15 Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have indicated how this mechanical robustness can arise from …
New Numerical Code For Black Hole Initial Data, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
New Numerical Code For Black Hole Initial Data, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
There are no exact solutions of Einstein Equations that describes a bound system radiating gravitational waves. One needs to resort to numerical simulations, or analytical approximation methods. Current methods to constrained initial data exhibit junk radiation and ambiguities about constrained and free data. It was mathematically proved that given the correct initial data, Einstein equation will yield the expected solution.
Line Tension And Its Influence On Droplets And Particles At Surfaces, Bruce M. Law, Sean P. Mcbride, Jiang Yong Wang, Haeng Sub Wi, Govind Paneru, Santigo Betelu, Baku Ushijima, Youichi Takata, Bret Flanders, Fernando Bresme, Hiroki Matsubara, Takanori Takiue, Makoto Aratono
Line Tension And Its Influence On Droplets And Particles At Surfaces, Bruce M. Law, Sean P. Mcbride, Jiang Yong Wang, Haeng Sub Wi, Govind Paneru, Santigo Betelu, Baku Ushijima, Youichi Takata, Bret Flanders, Fernando Bresme, Hiroki Matsubara, Takanori Takiue, Makoto Aratono
Physics Faculty Research
In this review we examine the influence of the line tension s on droplets and particles at surfaces. The line tension influences the nucleation behavior and contact angle of liquid droplets at both liquid and solid surfaces and alters the attachment energetics of solid particles to liquid surfaces. Many factors, occurring over a wide range of length scales, contribute to the line tension. On atomic scales, atomic rearrangements and reorientations of submolecular components give rise to an atomic line tension contribution satom (1 nN), which depends on the similarity/dissimilarity of the droplet/particle surface composition compared with the surface upon which …
Phonon Interference In Crystalline And Amorphous Confined Nanoscopic Films, Zhi Liang, Thomas E. Wilson, Pawel Keblinski
Phonon Interference In Crystalline And Amorphous Confined Nanoscopic Films, Zhi Liang, Thomas E. Wilson, Pawel Keblinski
Physics Faculty Research
Using molecular dynamics phonon wave packet simulations, we study phonon transmission across hexagonal (h)-BN and amorphous silica (a-SiO2) nanoscopic thin films sandwiched by two crystalline leads. Due to the phonon interference effect, the frequency-dependent phonon transmission coefficient in the case of the crystalline film (Si|h-BN|Al heterostructure) exhibits a strongly oscillatory behavior. In the case of the amorphous film (Si|a-SiO2|Al and Si|a-SiO2|Si heterostructures), in spite of structural disorder, the phonon transmission coefficient also exhibits oscillatory behavior at low frequencies (up to ∼1.2 THz), with a period of oscillation consistent with the …
Undergraduate Research In Gravitational Waves Astronomy At Marshall University, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Undergraduate Research In Gravitational Waves Astronomy At Marshall University, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
This is a presentation of undergraduate student research into gravitational waves at Marshall University.
The Web Based Monitoring Project At The Cms Experiment, Juan Antonio Lopez-Perez, Kaori Maeshima, William Badgett, Ulf Behrens, Irakli Chakaberia, Youngkwon Jo, Sho Maruyama, James Patrick, Valdas Rapsevicius, Aron Soha, Mantas Stankevicius, Balys Sulmanas, Sachiko Toda, Zongru Wan
The Web Based Monitoring Project At The Cms Experiment, Juan Antonio Lopez-Perez, Kaori Maeshima, William Badgett, Ulf Behrens, Irakli Chakaberia, Youngkwon Jo, Sho Maruyama, James Patrick, Valdas Rapsevicius, Aron Soha, Mantas Stankevicius, Balys Sulmanas, Sachiko Toda, Zongru Wan
Physics Faculty Research
The Compact Muon Solenoid is a large a complex general purpose experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), built and maintained by many collaborators from around the world. Efficient operation of the detector requires widespread and timely access to a broad range of monitoring and status information. To the end the Web Based Monitoring (WBM) system was developed to present data to users located anywhere from many underlying heterogeneous sources, from real time messaging systems to relational databases. This system provides the power to combine and correlate data in both graphical and tabular formats of interest to the experimenters, …
Tools For Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Tools For Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
Gravitational waves have been confirmed. Tools are available for their study, including the Einstein Toolkit, SimulationTools and the SXS Gravitational Waveform Database.
A Hyperbolic Solver For Black Hole Initial Data In Numerical Relativity, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton, Jeff Winicour, I. Racz
A Hyperbolic Solver For Black Hole Initial Data In Numerical Relativity, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton, Jeff Winicour, I. Racz
Physics Faculty Research
Initial data in numerical relativity. The constraints are formulated as elliptic equations, parabolic equations and strongly hyperbolic equations. This presentation is about a different approach to initial data for black holes, the strongly hyperbolic method.
Simulating Magnetospheres With Numerical Relativity: The Giraffe Code, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Simulating Magnetospheres With Numerical Relativity: The Giraffe Code, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
Numerical Relativity is successful in the simulation of black holes and gravitational waves. In recent years, teams have tackled the problem of the interaction of gravitational and electromagnetic waves. We developed a new code for the numerical simulation of neutron and black hole magnetospheres, using the FFE formalism. We tested the performance of the new code named GiRaFFE, in 1D and 3D test suits. We will study magnetospheres, focusing on jets by the Blandford -Znajek mechanism.
The First Open-Source General Relativistic Force-Free Electrodynamics Code, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton, Zach Etienne, Mew-Bing Wan
The First Open-Source General Relativistic Force-Free Electrodynamics Code, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton, Zach Etienne, Mew-Bing Wan
Physics Faculty Research
We are writing the first open-source, general relativistic force-free electrodynamics code: GiRaFFE. The goal is to numerically simulate neutron star and black hole magnetospheres. The GiRaFFE is alive! It has passed a number of 1D code validation tests, and 3D tests are underway. We plan to release the code and test suite initial data routines open-source to the community.
Black Holes, Wormholes, And Extra Dimensions, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Black Holes, Wormholes, And Extra Dimensions, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
No abstract provided.
Strong Resistance To Bending Observed For Nanoparticle Membranes, Yifan Wang, Jianhui Liao, Sean P. Mcbride, Efi Efrati, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger
Strong Resistance To Bending Observed For Nanoparticle Membranes, Yifan Wang, Jianhui Liao, Sean P. Mcbride, Efi Efrati, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger
Physics Faculty Research
We demonstrate how gold nanoparticle monolayers can be curled up into hollow scrolls that make it possible to extract both bending and stretching moduli from indentation by atomic force microscopy. We find a bending modulus that is 2 orders of magnitude larger than predicted by standard continuum elasticity, an enhancement we associate with nonlocal microstructural constraints. This finding opens up new opportunities for independent control of resistance to bending and stretching at the nanoscale.
Steps Towards A Nonlinear Cauchy-Characteristic Code Patching, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Steps Towards A Nonlinear Cauchy-Characteristic Code Patching, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
Cauchy-characteristic extractions (CCE) avoids the errors due to extraction at finite worldtube. The Cauchy and the characteristic approaches have complementary strengths and weaknesses. Unification of the two methods is a promising way of combining the strengths of both formalisms.
Gravitational & Electromagnetic Waves On The Null Cone, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Gravitational & Electromagnetic Waves On The Null Cone, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
Bondi (1962) proved mathematically the existence of gravitational waves at null infinity. He found an exact solution of Einstein equations. Within this metric, he calculated the loss of mass due to the emission of gravitational waves. The mas of a system is constant if and only if there is no news. If there is news, the mass decreases as long as there are news.
Bilayer Lift-Off Process For Aluminum Metallization, Thomas E. Wilson, Konstantin Korolev, Nathaniel A. Crow
Bilayer Lift-Off Process For Aluminum Metallization, Thomas E. Wilson, Konstantin Korolev, Nathaniel A. Crow
Physics Faculty Research
Recently published reports in the literature for bilayer lift-off processes have described recipes for the patterning of metals that have recommended metal-ion-free developers, which do etch aluminum. We report the first measurement of the dissolution rate of a commercial lift-off resist (LOR) in a sodium-based buffered commercial developer that does not etch aluminum. We describe a reliable lift-off recipe that is safe for multiple process steps in patterning thin (<100 nm) and thick aluminum devices with micron-feature sizes. Our patterning recipe consists of an acid cleaning of the substrate, the bilayer (positive photoresist/LOR) deposition and development, the sputtering of the aluminum film along with a palladium capping layer and finally, the lift-off of the metal film by immersion in the LOR solvent. The insertion into the recipe of postexposure and sequential develop-bake-develop process steps are necessary for an acceptable undercut. Our recipe also eliminates any need for accompanying sonication during lift-off that could lead to delamination of the metal pattern from the substrate. Fine patterns were achieved for both 100-nm-thick granular aluminum/palladium bilayer bolometers and 500-nm-thick aluminum gratings with 6-μm lines and 4-μm spaces
Mechanical Properties Of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Membranes: Stretching And Bending, Yifan Wang, Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos, Sean P. Mcbride, Edward Barry, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger
Mechanical Properties Of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Membranes: Stretching And Bending, Yifan Wang, Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos, Sean P. Mcbride, Edward Barry, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger
Physics Faculty Research
Monolayers composed of colloidal nanoparticles, with thickness less than ten nanometers, have remarkable mechanical strength and can suspend over micron-sized holes to form free-standing membranes. We discuss experiments probing the tensile strength and bending stiffness of these self-assembled nanoparticle sheets. The fracture behavior of monolayers and multilayers is investigated by attaching them to elastomer substrates which are then stretched. For different applied strain the fracture patterns are imaged down to the scale of single particles. The resulting detailed information about the crack width distribution allows us to relate the measured overall tensile strength to the distribution of local bond strengths …
An Analysis Of The Gravitational Waves Null Memory, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
An Analysis Of The Gravitational Waves Null Memory, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
Gravitational wave astronomy sees (hears) gravitational waves by observing the phenomena of gravitational and electromagnetic memory, and the formation of trapped surfaces and horizons.
Characteristics Of Gravitational And Electromagnetic Radiation, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Characteristics Of Gravitational And Electromagnetic Radiation, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
Gravitational waves from the early universe are detectable, but detection is difficult. The strain is extremely small of magnitude 10-3 the width of a proton. There are detection and computational challenges.
Dawn Of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Dawn Of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
This presentation chronicles the discovery of gravity waves.
Gravity & Electromagnetism On The Null Cone, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Gravity & Electromagnetism On The Null Cone, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
Gravitational and electromagnetic radiation travel along light rays, which are principal null directions in space-time. They are characteristic surfaces of Einstein and Maxwell equations. In characteristic coordinates, the field is described by ordinary differential equations.
Adding Light To The Gravitational Waves On The Null Cone, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Adding Light To The Gravitational Waves On The Null Cone, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton
Physics Faculty Research
Recent interesting astrophysical observations point towards a multi-messenger, multi-wavelength approach to understanding strong gravitational sources, like compact stars or black hole collisions, supernovae explosions, or even the big bang. Gravitational radiation is properly defined only at future null infinity, but usually is estimated at a finite radius, and then extrapolated. Our group developed a characteristic waveform extraction tool, implemented in an open source code, which computes the gravitational waves infinitely far from their source, in terms of compactified null cones, by numerically solving Einstein equation in Bondi space-time coordinates. The goal is extend the capabilities of the code, by solving …