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Full-Text Articles in Physics
Low-Mass Solitons From Fractional Charges In Quantum Chromodynamics, A. P. Balachandran, V. Parameswaran Nair, N. Panchapakesan, S. G. Rajeev
Low-Mass Solitons From Fractional Charges In Quantum Chromodynamics, A. P. Balachandran, V. Parameswaran Nair, N. Panchapakesan, S. G. Rajeev
Publications and Research
Slansky, Goldman, and Shaw have proposed a model to account for the observation of fractionally charged states. We show that in this model, there are expected to be several low-mass solitons (four being in the mass range ∼20-60 MeV) associated with the third homotopy group π3(SU(3)/SO(3))=Z4, besides a low-mass (∼30 MeV) Z2 monopole. Confirmation of these levels and hence of the model has important implications for Cabrera's results on the magnetic monopole. An efficient algorithm for the calculation of π3(G/H) for a general Lie group G and a subgroup H is developed. It is pointed …
Breakdown Of Flavor Conservation In A Monopole Background, V. Parameswaran Nair
Breakdown Of Flavor Conservation In A Monopole Background, V. Parameswaran Nair
Publications and Research
We give a simple derivation of the catalysis of baryon decay and other flavor-changing processes by monopoles. The role of the axial anomaly is clarified. A general current-algebraic argument which clarifies the nature of flavor violation is also given.
Catalysis Of Flavor Nonconservation By Monopoles, V. Parameswaran Nair
Catalysis Of Flavor Nonconservation By Monopoles, V. Parameswaran Nair
Publications and Research
A simple argument based on current algebra is given to show how monopoles can lead to baryon decay and other flavor-changing processes.
Order Of Phase Transitions In A Field Theory, V. Parameswaran Nair
Order Of Phase Transitions In A Field Theory, V. Parameswaran Nair
Publications and Research
The relation between the gauge or global nature of a symmetry being broken and the order of the associated phase transition is clarified. First-order phase transitions in gauge theories are related to the asymptotic freedom of the Φ3 interaction in six dimensions. Spontaneous violation of lepton number in the standard electroweak theory provides a nontrivial illustration of our results.
Second-Order Phase Transitions, Inflationary Universe, And Formation Of Galaxies, V. Parameswaran Nair
Second-Order Phase Transitions, Inflationary Universe, And Formation Of Galaxies, V. Parameswaran Nair
Publications and Research
At the critical point of a second-order phase transition, statistical fluctuations are correlated and enhanced in amplitude. We explore this phenomenon in the early universe as a possible mechanism for the formation of galaxies. In an inflationary universe, such dynamical effects on galactic scales are consistent with the constraints imposed by the horizon. Spontaneous breakdown of lepton number provides a model where these ideas are realized. The two-point correlation function for density fluctuations is calculated and agrees with the observed correlation for galaxies. An estimate of the density contrast is shown to be of the required magnitude.
Generalized Bohr-Sommerfeld Rules For Anomalies With Applications To Symmetry Breakdown And Decoupling, A. P. Balachandran, V. P. Nair, C. G. Trahern
Generalized Bohr-Sommerfeld Rules For Anomalies With Applications To Symmetry Breakdown And Decoupling, A. P. Balachandran, V. P. Nair, C. G. Trahern
Publications and Research
In the presence of anomalies, the requirement that a classical symmetry group G has a proper action on the fermion measure or in the effective Lagrangian description imposes Bohr-Sommerfeld conditions on the anomalies, and often implies that G is broken to a subgroup H as well. We show these results in this paper and apply them to QCD and SU(5). In particular, constraints on the QCD order parameter are derived, and an argument is presented which suggests that the breakdown of the chiral flavor symmetry and the emergence of some sort of generation structure in QCD may be natural.
Soliton States In The Quantum-Chromodynamic Effective Lagrangian, A. P. Balachandran, V. Parameswaran Nair, S. G. Rajeev, A. Stern
Soliton States In The Quantum-Chromodynamic Effective Lagrangian, A. P. Balachandran, V. Parameswaran Nair, S. G. Rajeev, A. Stern
Publications and Research
The work of Skyrme has shown that the SU(2)×SU(2) chiral model has nontrivial topological sectors which admit solitons for generic chiral Lagrangians. In this paper, we study such models in the presence of baryon fields. The baryon number and strangeness of the solitons, and the bound states of the nucleon to the soliton are investigated. It is found that long-lived levels with large baryon number B and strangeness (≳6 in magnitude) and masses somewhere in the range 1.8 to 5.6 GeV must exist. Some of these levels have half-integral electric charge and exotic relation between B and spin s (e.g., …