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Articles 1 - 30 of 73
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Hiv-1 Tat Membrane Interactions Probed Using X-Ray And Neutron Scattering, Cd Spectroscopy And Md Simulations., Kiyotaka Akabori, Kun Huang, Bradley Treece, Michael Jablin, Brian Maranville, Arthur Woll, John Nagle, Angel Garcia, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Hiv-1 Tat Membrane Interactions Probed Using X-Ray And Neutron Scattering, Cd Spectroscopy And Md Simulations., Kiyotaka Akabori, Kun Huang, Bradley Treece, Michael Jablin, Brian Maranville, Arthur Woll, John Nagle, Angel Garcia, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
We report the effect on lipid bilayers of the Tat peptide Y47GRKKRRQRRR57 from the HIV-1 virus transactivator of translation (Tat) protein. Synergistic use of low-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) and atomistic molecular dynamic simulations (MD) indicate Tat peptide binding to neutral dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC) lipid headgroups. This binding induced the local lipid phosphate groups to move 3Å closer to the center of the bilayer. Many of the positively charged guanidinium components of the arginines were as close to the center of the bilayer as the locally thinned lipid phosphate groups. LAXS data for DOPC, DOPC/dioleoylphosphoethanolamine (DOPE), DOPC/dioleoylphosphoserine (DOPS), and a mimic of …
What Are The True Values Of The Bending Modulus Of Simple Lipid Bilayers?, John Nagle, Michael Jablin, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Kiyotaka Akabori
What Are The True Values Of The Bending Modulus Of Simple Lipid Bilayers?, John Nagle, Michael Jablin, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Kiyotaka Akabori
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
Values of the bending modulus KC are reviewed, and possible causes for the considerable differences are discussed. One possible cause is the use of glucose and sucrose in the classical micromechanical manipulation and shape analysis methods. New data, using the more recent low angle X-ray method, are presented that do not support an effect of glucose or sucrose on KC. Another possible cause is using an incomplete theory to interpret the data. Adding a tilt term to the theory clearly does not affect the value obtained from the shape analysis method. It is shown that a tilt term, using a …
Paul Ion Trap As A Diagnostic For Plasma Focus, S.M. Kiai, .. ., Ahmad Talaei, Et Al.
Paul Ion Trap As A Diagnostic For Plasma Focus, S.M. Kiai, .. ., Ahmad Talaei, Et Al.
Ahmad Talaei
The plasma discharge contamination by high and low Z Impurities affect the rate of nuclear fusion reaction products, specially when light particles have to be confined. These impurities should be analyzed and can be fairly controlled. This paper reports on the development of a Paul ion trap with ion sources by impact electron ionization as a diagnostic for the 10 kJ Iranian sunshine plasma focus device. Preliminary results of the residual gas are analyzed and presented.
Preliminary Results Of Is Plasma Focus As A Breeder Of Short-Lived Radioisotopes 12c(D,N)13n, S.M. Kiai, . ., Ahmad Talaei, Et Al.
Preliminary Results Of Is Plasma Focus As A Breeder Of Short-Lived Radioisotopes 12c(D,N)13n, S.M. Kiai, . ., Ahmad Talaei, Et Al.
Ahmad Talaei
Modified IS (Iranian Sun) plasma focus (10 kJ,15 kV, 94 μF, 0.1 Hz) has been used to produce the short-lived radioisotope 13N (half-life of 9.97 min) through 12C(d,n)13N nuclear reaction. The filling gas was 1.5–3 torr of hydrogen (60%) deuterium (40%) mixture. The target was solid nuclear grade graphite with 5 mm thick, 9 cm width and 13 in length. The activations of the exogenous target on average of 20 shots (only one-third acceptable) through 10–13 kV produced the 511 keV gamma rays. Another peak found at the 570 keV gamma of which both was measured by a NaI portable …
Kinematic Effects In Large Transport Aircraft, Shem Malmquist, Dennis Vincenzi, Dahai Liu
Kinematic Effects In Large Transport Aircraft, Shem Malmquist, Dennis Vincenzi, Dahai Liu
Dahai Liu
The control of an aircraft relies on sensory feedback. It follows that any aspect that could create a situation where that feedback is faulty can lead to unintended outcomes. The size of very large jet aircraft can result in kinematic effects that impact the perceptions of the flight crew. Due to the large amount of inertia involved, coupled with aerodynamic factors, when the aircraft pitch (θ) is initially changed, the short term actual motion of the aircraft, as viewed from the center of gravity, remains relatively unchanged. As a consequence of aircraft design, this results in the flight deck changing …
Plasma Focus Device As A Breeder Of 14.66 Mev Protons To Produce Short-Lived Radioisotopes, A. Zaeem, S.M. Kaia, M. Sedaghatizadeh, Ahmad Talaei
Plasma Focus Device As A Breeder Of 14.66 Mev Protons To Produce Short-Lived Radioisotopes, A. Zaeem, S.M. Kaia, M. Sedaghatizadeh, Ahmad Talaei
Ahmad Talaei
In plasma focus devices filled deuterium gas with low pressure admixture gas, 3He, the deuterium creates high energy protons of 14.66 MeV through the 3He(d, p) 4He(Q = 18.35 MeV) fusion reaction. This reaction takes place due to the thermal and non-thermal (beam-target) mechanisms. The proton yield production for deuterium filling gas is determined by using the beam-target character of the pinched plasma and moving boiler model. If we use a low pressure admixture gas like 11B, these high energy protons in turn, could generate short-lived radioisotopes like 11C (used in positron emission tomography) via the …
Influence Of Admixture Gas On The Enhancement Of Neutron Production In Plasma Focus Devices, Ahmad Talaei, S.M. Kaia
Influence Of Admixture Gas On The Enhancement Of Neutron Production In Plasma Focus Devices, Ahmad Talaei, S.M. Kaia
Ahmad Talaei
In this article, considering the most important interactions between the ionized admixture particles and the working plasma ones, we have analyzed the effect of added gas on the current and confinement time of the pinched plasma in plasma focus devices. Moreover, we demonstrate how heating and cooling the pinched plasma can be controlled by the increase and decrease on the percentage of the added particles and by this way the rise in the rate of D–D nuclear reactions is calculated.
Theoretical Study Of The Endogenous Production Of N-13 In 115 Kj Plasma Focus Device Using Methane Gas, Saeedeh Haghani, A. Sadighzadeh, Ahmad Talaei, A. Zeem, S.M. Kiai, A. Heydarnia, V. Damideh
Theoretical Study Of The Endogenous Production Of N-13 In 115 Kj Plasma Focus Device Using Methane Gas, Saeedeh Haghani, A. Sadighzadeh, Ahmad Talaei, A. Zeem, S.M. Kiai, A. Heydarnia, V. Damideh
Ahmad Talaei
Mather type plasma focus device with the bank energy of 115 kJ (40 kV, 144μF) was studied for induced activity of N-13; a short-lived radioisotope β+ emitter with 511 keV of gamma rays and has a half-life of t1/2 = 9.93 min through 12C (d, n)13N nuclear reaction. N-13 radioisotope is used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for imaging and treatment. In this paper endogenous production of 13N is considered. It is shown by adding 3–4 % CH4 to the chamber, the induced activity of N-13 has increased about 4 %. Our study is representative of producing 106 − 109 …
Study The Output Characteristics Of A 90 Kj Filippove-Type Plasma Focus, S.M. Kiai, Ahmad Talaei, Et Al.
Study The Output Characteristics Of A 90 Kj Filippove-Type Plasma Focus, S.M. Kiai, Ahmad Talaei, Et Al.
Ahmad Talaei
The output characteristics of a Filippove-Type plasma focus “Dena” (288 μF, 25 kV, 90 kJ) is numerically investigated by considering the voltage, current, current derivative, and maximum current as a function of capacitor bank energy in the constant Argon gas pressure and compared to the experiment. It is shown that increase on the bank energy leads to the increment on the maximum current and decrement on the pinch time.
Effects Of Admixture Gas On The Production Of 18f Radioisotope In Plasma Focus Devices, Ahmad Talaei, S.M. Kaia, A. Zeem
Effects Of Admixture Gas On The Production Of 18f Radioisotope In Plasma Focus Devices, Ahmad Talaei, S.M. Kaia, A. Zeem
Ahmad Talaei
In this article, the effect of admixture gas on the heating and cooling of pinched plasma directly related to the enhancement or reduction of 18F production through the 16O(3He, p)18F is considered in the plasma focus devices. It is shown that by controlling the velocity of added Oxygen particles mixed with the working helium gas into the plasma focus chamber, one can increase the current and decrease the confinement time (plasma heating) or vice verse (plasma cooling). The highest level of nuclear activities of 18F was found around 16% of the Oxygen admixture …
Study The Influence Of The Bank Energy On The Dynamical Pinch In Plasma Focus, Ahmad Talaei, S.M. Kaia
Study The Influence Of The Bank Energy On The Dynamical Pinch In Plasma Focus, Ahmad Talaei, S.M. Kaia
Ahmad Talaei
The plasma focus discharge can generate, accelerate and pinch the plasma up to high density and temperature in a pulsed mode manner. Applications aspects of discharge require high efficiency of the fusion products. This situation acquires optimized operational parameters for the proper discharge. In this article, we have studied the plasma parameters and neutron performance dependency on bank energy. First, analytical expressions are derived from the equation of motion for the plasma particles in the radial phase. Then, the related fusion neutrons, both thermal and non-thermal, together with the discharge anisotropy in the low pressure regimes for the ‘Dena’ plasma …
Pinched Plasma Study In A Filippov-Type Plasma Focus “Dena”, Ahmad Talaei, S. Kaia, S. Adlparvar
Pinched Plasma Study In A Filippov-Type Plasma Focus “Dena”, Ahmad Talaei, S. Kaia, S. Adlparvar
Ahmad Talaei
A characteristic feature of physical processes occurring in pinched plasma is their tendency to generate thermal and nonthermal emissions. In this case, the roles played by plasma compression dynamics such as pinch formation, pinch disruption, expansion, etc., are predominant. In this paper, first, we present some of the experimental results concerning the thermal and nonthermal neutron emissions. Then, a new approach based on some theoretical assumptions and the experimental data for which the pinched plasma density evolution was studied are introduced. In the new approach, the compression dynamics are divided into two phases: plasma compression (thermal) and plasma expansion (nonthermal). …
Development Of Practical Method Using A Monte Carlo Code For Evaluation Of Optimum Fuel Pitch In A Typical Vver-1000 Core, Navid Taheranpoura, Ahmad Talaei
Development Of Practical Method Using A Monte Carlo Code For Evaluation Of Optimum Fuel Pitch In A Typical Vver-1000 Core, Navid Taheranpoura, Ahmad Talaei
Ahmad Talaei
In this work, we developed a practical method to evaluate the optimum moderator-to-fuel ratio of a typical VVER reactor using a Monte Carlo code. To reach this aim, by analyzing the curves of the infinite multiplication factor (k∞) versus moderator-to-fuel ratio, the optimum fuel pitch is determined for different fuel diameters of the proposed fuel elements using the MCNPX code. Optimum moderator-to-fuel ratio and fuel pitch were determined from the curves where the value of k∞ is maximum for cold conditions and is located in an under-moderated region for hot conditions. Also, the void reactivity coefficient …
Investigation Of The High Pressure Regimes Effects On The Neutron Production In Plasma Focus, Ahmad Talaei, S.M. Kaia
Investigation Of The High Pressure Regimes Effects On The Neutron Production In Plasma Focus, Ahmad Talaei, S.M. Kaia
Ahmad Talaei
Effects of high pressure regimes on the thermal mechanism of neutron yield and anisotropy factor with respect to the capacitor bank energy are presented by using moving boiler model. It is found that at high pressures, the thermal fusion reactions have a considerable effect on the neutron yield and anisotropy factor. We have compared the manner of the anisotropy in two low and high pressure discharges to investigate different behavior of the anisotropy factor as a function of bank energy in the difference working regimes of pressure for Dena PF.
Effect Of Gadolinium Doping On The Electronic Band Structure Of Europium Oxide, Juan Colon Santana, Joonhee Michael An, Ning Wu, Kirill Belashchenko, Xianjie Wang, Pan Liu, Jinke Tang, Yaroslav Losovyj, I. N. Yakovkin, Peter Dowben
Effect Of Gadolinium Doping On The Electronic Band Structure Of Europium Oxide, Juan Colon Santana, Joonhee Michael An, Ning Wu, Kirill Belashchenko, Xianjie Wang, Pan Liu, Jinke Tang, Yaroslav Losovyj, I. N. Yakovkin, Peter Dowben
Jinke Tang
High quality films of EuO and Eu0.96Gd0.04O were grown on p-type Si(100) via pulsed laser deposition. X-raydiffraction results show that the addition of Gd changes the growth texture from [001] to [111]. Angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals electron pockets around the X points in Gd-doped EuO, indicating that the band gap in EuO is indirect. Combined photoemission and inverse photoemission measurements showan apparent transition from n-type to p-type behavior, which is likely due to band bending near the polar (111) surface.
Mesospheric Temperature Variability And Seasonal Characteristics Over The Andes, Jonathan Pugmire, Yucheng Zhao, Michael Taylor, P Pautet
Mesospheric Temperature Variability And Seasonal Characteristics Over The Andes, Jonathan Pugmire, Yucheng Zhao, Michael Taylor, P Pautet
Jonathan Pugmire
The Utah State University CEDAR Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (MTM) is a high-quality CCD imager capable of remote sensing faint optical emissions from the night sky to determine mesospheric temperature and its variability at an altitude of ~87 km. The MTM was operated at the new Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO)located at Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.2° S, 70.7° W) since August 2009 to investigate the seasonal characteristic of the mesopause at mid-latitudes. Measurement were made alongside a powerful lidar capable of height sounding the mesosphere. In this study, the MTM data have been analyzed to determine night to night variability and seasonal …
Effects Of Particle Shape On Growth Dynamics At Edges Of Evaporating Drops Of Colloidal Suspensions, Peter Yunker, Matthew Lohr, Tim Still, Alexei Borodin, Douglas Durian, Arjun Yodh
Effects Of Particle Shape On Growth Dynamics At Edges Of Evaporating Drops Of Colloidal Suspensions, Peter Yunker, Matthew Lohr, Tim Still, Alexei Borodin, Douglas Durian, Arjun Yodh
Douglas J. Durian
We study the influence of particle shape on growth processes at the edges of evaporating drops. Aqueous suspensions of colloidal particles evaporate on glass slides, and convective flows during evaporation carry particles from drop center to drop edge, where they accumulate. The resulting particle deposits grow inhomogeneously from the edge in two dimensions, and the deposition front, or growth line, varies spatiotemporally. Measurements of the fluctuations of the deposition front during evaporation enable us to identify distinct growth processes that depend strongly on particle shape. Sphere deposition exhibits a classic Poisson-like growth process; deposition of slightly anisotropic particles, however, belongs …
Centrifugal Compression Of Soft Particle Packings: Theory And Experiment, Kerstin Nordstrom, Emilie Verneuil, Wouter Ellenbroek, Tom Lubensky, Jerry Gollub, Douglas Durian
Centrifugal Compression Of Soft Particle Packings: Theory And Experiment, Kerstin Nordstrom, Emilie Verneuil, Wouter Ellenbroek, Tom Lubensky, Jerry Gollub, Douglas Durian
Douglas J. Durian
An exact method is developed for computing the height of an elastic medium subjected to centrifugal compression, for arbitrary constitutive relation between stress and strain. Example solutions are obtained for power-law media and for cases where the stress diverges at a critical strain—for example as required by packings composed of deformable but incompressible particles. Experimental data are presented for the centrifugal compression of thermo-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) microgel beads in water. For small radial acceleration, the results are consistent with Hertzian elasticity, and are analyzed in terms of the Young elastic modulus of the bead material. For large radial acceleration, the …
Functionalizing Carbon Nanotube Forests With 1,5-Diaminoaphthalene, Ben Pound, T. Shen
Functionalizing Carbon Nanotube Forests With 1,5-Diaminoaphthalene, Ben Pound, T. Shen
Ben Pound
Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Forests are vertically grown carbon nanotubes. They can be as tall as millimeters, with radii from less than one nanometer (single-walled) to tens of nanometers (multi-walled). Their high surface area to volume ratio provides a unique material system for biosensor applications. However, the CNT surface does not provide covalent bonding sites to many antibodies of interest. One approach is to attach linker molecules with aromatic rings via π-stacking to the CNT surface and activating the linker molecules to bind covalently to specific antibody molecules. Unfortunately, the conventional solution-based functionalization approach often leads to collapse of the CNT …
Functionalizing Carbon Nanotube Forests, Ben Pound, F. Shen
Functionalizing Carbon Nanotube Forests, Ben Pound, F. Shen
Ben Pound
A carbon nanotube forest is an array of carbon nanotubes vertically aligned and entangled. Because the aspect ratio of each tube can be more than 1000, the forest will greatly increase the number of potential binding sites on the surface for chemical and biological detector applications, if each bundle of tubes can be functionalized with specific molecules. The 1,5-diaminoaphthalene can be a versatile linker molecule for proteins. In this study, we characterize the concentration of 1,5-diaminoaphthalene in solvent by fluorescence spectroscopy. It appears, however, that the solvent collapses the carbon nanotube forest, resulting in no detectable fluorescence emission. Lithographically defined …
Partial Molecular Volumes Of Lipids And Cholesterol., Alexander Greenwood, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, John Nagle
Partial Molecular Volumes Of Lipids And Cholesterol., Alexander Greenwood, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, John Nagle
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
Volumetric measurements are reported for fully hydrated lipid/cholesterol bilayer mixtures using the neutral flotation method. Apparent specific volume data were obtained with the lipids DOPC, POPC and DMPC at T=30 degrees Celsius, DPPC at 50 degrees Celsius, and brain sphingomyelin (BSM) at 45 and 24 degrees Celsius for mole fractions of cholesterol x from 0 to 0.5. Unlike previous cholesterol mixture studies, we converted our raw data to partial molecular volume V(L) of the lipid and V(C) of the cholesterol. The partial molecular volumes were constant for POPC and DOPC as x was varied, but had sharp breaks for the …
Structure And Elasticity Of Lipid Membranes With Genistein And Daidzein Bioflavinoids Using X-Ray Scattering And Md Simulations., Mohit Raghunathan, Yuriy Zubovski, Richard Venable, Richard Pastor, John Nagle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Structure And Elasticity Of Lipid Membranes With Genistein And Daidzein Bioflavinoids Using X-Ray Scattering And Md Simulations., Mohit Raghunathan, Yuriy Zubovski, Richard Venable, Richard Pastor, John Nagle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
This work reports the effects of the bioflavinoids genistein and daidzein on lipid bilayers as determined by volume measurements, X-ray scattering, and molecular dynamics simulations. The experimental and simulated total molecular volumes were found to be in outstanding agreement with each other before the addition of genistein and daidzein and also after their addition. Both bioflavinoids inserted into the hydrocarbon region of both DOPC and diphytanoylPC near the carbonyls of the lipids and both decreased the bilayer thicknesses. The long axes of both bioflavinoids were oriented nearly parallel to the plane of the bilayer with their carbonyl groups preferentially pointed …
Preparation Of Oriented, Fully Hydrated Lipid Samples For Structure Determination Using X-Ray Scattering., Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Preparation Of Oriented, Fully Hydrated Lipid Samples For Structure Determination Using X-Ray Scattering., Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
This chapter describes a method of sample preparation called "the rock and roll method," which is basically a solvent evaporation technique with controlled manual sample movement during evaporation of solvent from lipid/solvent mixtures that produces well-oriented thick stacks of about 2000 lipid bilayers. Many lipid types have been oriented using different solvent mixtures that balance solubilization of the lipid with uniform deposition of the lipid solution onto solid substrates. These well-oriented thick stacks are then ideal samples for collection of both X-ray diffraction data in the gel phase and X-ray diffuse scattering data in the fluid phase of lipids. The …
Effects Of Ether Vs. Ester Linkage On Lipid Bilayer Structure And Water Permeability., S. Deren Guler, D. Dipon Ghosh, Jianjun Pan, John Mathai, Mark Zeidel, John Nagle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Effects Of Ether Vs. Ester Linkage On Lipid Bilayer Structure And Water Permeability., S. Deren Guler, D. Dipon Ghosh, Jianjun Pan, John Mathai, Mark Zeidel, John Nagle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
The structure and water permeability of bilayers composed of the ether-linked lipid, dihexadecylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC), were studied and compared with the ester-linked lipid, dipalmitoylphosphaditdylcholine (DPPC). Wide angle X-ray scattering on oriented bilayers in the fluid phase indicate that the area per lipid A is slightly larger for DHPC than for DPPC. Low angle X-ray scattering yields A=65.1A(2) for DHPC at 48 degrees C. LAXS data provide the bending modulus, K(C)=4.2x10(-13)erg, and the Hamaker parameter H=7.2x10(-14)erg for the van der Waals attractive interaction between neighboring bilayers. For the low temperature phases with ordered hydrocarbon chains, we confirm the transition from a tilted …
Structure And Water Permeability Of Fully Hydrated Diphytanoylpc., Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Dong Joo Kim, Nadia Akhunzada, Norbert Kucerka, John Mathai, John Katsaras, Mark Zeidel, John Nagle
Structure And Water Permeability Of Fully Hydrated Diphytanoylpc., Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Dong Joo Kim, Nadia Akhunzada, Norbert Kucerka, John Mathai, John Katsaras, Mark Zeidel, John Nagle
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
Diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine (DPhyPC) is a branched chain lipid often used for model membrane studies, including peptide/lipid interactions, ion channels and lipid rafts. This work reports results of volume measurements, water permeability measurements P(f), X-ray scattering from oriented samples, and X-ray and neutron scattering from unilamellar vesicles at T=30 degrees C. We measured the volume/lipid V(L)=1426+/-1A(3). The area/lipid was found to be 80.5+/-1.5A(2) when both X-ray and neutron data were combined with the SDP model analysis (Kucerka, N., Nagle, J.F., Sachs, J.N., Feller, S.E., Pencer, J., Jackson, A., Katsaras, J., 2008. Lipid bilayer structure determined by the simultaneous analysis of neutron and …
Structure Of Lipid Bilayers, John Nagle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Structure Of Lipid Bilayers, John Nagle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
The quantitative experimental uncertainty in the structure of fully hydrated, biologically relevant, fluid (L(alpha)) phase lipid bilayers has been too large to provide a firm base for applications or for comparison with simulations. Many structural methods are reviewed including modern liquid crystallography of lipid bilayers that deals with the fully developed undulation fluctuations that occur in the L(alpha) phase. These fluctuations degrade the higher order diffraction data in a way that, if unrecognized, leads to erroneous conclusions regarding bilayer structure. Diffraction measurements at high instrumental resolution provide a measure of these fluctuations. In addition to providing better structural determination, this …
Molecular Structures Of Fluid Phase Phosphatidylglycerol Bilayers As Determined By Small Angle Neutron And X-Ray Scattering., Jianjun Pan, Frederick Heberle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Michelle Szymanski, Mary Koepfinger, John Katsaras, Norbert Kucerka
Molecular Structures Of Fluid Phase Phosphatidylglycerol Bilayers As Determined By Small Angle Neutron And X-Ray Scattering., Jianjun Pan, Frederick Heberle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Michelle Szymanski, Mary Koepfinger, John Katsaras, Norbert Kucerka
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
We have determined the molecular structures of commonly used phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) in the commonly accepted biologically relevant fluid phase. This was done by simultaneously analyzing small angle neutron and X-ray scattering data, with the constraint of measured lipid volumes. We report the temperature dependence of bilayer parameters obtained using the one-dimensional scattering density profile model - which was derived from molecular dynamics simulations - including the area per lipid, the overall bilayer thickness, as well as other intrabilayer parameters (e.g., hydrocarbon thickness). Lipid areas are found to be larger than their phosphatidylcholine (PC) counterparts, a result likely due to repulsive …
Lipid Bilayer Structure., John Nagle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Lipid Bilayer Structure., John Nagle, Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
Fluctuations, inherent in flexible and biologically relevant lipid bilayers, make quantitative structure determination challenging. Shortcomings in older methods of structure determination have been realized and new methodologies have been introduced that take fluctuations into account. The large uncertainty in literature values of lipid bilayer structural parameters is being reduced.
Thermodynamic And Structural Characterization Of Amino Acid-Linked Dialkyl Lipids., Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Ruthven Lewis, Joseph Blickenstaff, Michael Diprima, Bruno Marques, Ronald Mcelhaney, John Nagle, James Schneider
Thermodynamic And Structural Characterization Of Amino Acid-Linked Dialkyl Lipids., Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Ruthven Lewis, Joseph Blickenstaff, Michael Diprima, Bruno Marques, Ronald Mcelhaney, John Nagle, James Schneider
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we determined some thermodynamic and structural parameters for a series of amino acid-linked dialkyl lipids containing a glutamic acid-succinate headgroup and di-alkyl chains: C12, C14, C16 and C18 in CHES buffer, pH 10. Upon heating, DSC shows that the C12, C14 and annealed C16 lipids undergo a single transition which XRD shows is from a lamellar, chain ordered subgel phase to a fluid phase. This single transition splits into two transitions for C18, and FTIR shows that the upper main transition is predominantly the melting of …
Hiv Fusion Peptide Penetrates, Disorders, And Softens T-Cell Membrane Mimics., Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Rob Chan, Edgar Kooijman, Pradeep Uppamoochikkal, Wei Qiang, David Weliky, Pradeep Uppamoochikkal
Hiv Fusion Peptide Penetrates, Disorders, And Softens T-Cell Membrane Mimics., Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, Rob Chan, Edgar Kooijman, Pradeep Uppamoochikkal, Wei Qiang, David Weliky, Pradeep Uppamoochikkal
Prof. Stephanie Tristram-Nagle Ph.D.
This work investigates the interaction of N-terminal gp41 fusion peptide (FP) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with model membranes in order to elucidate how FP leads to fusion of HIV and T-cell membranes. FP constructs were (i) wild-type FP23 (23 N-terminal amino acids of gp41), (ii) water-soluble monomeric FP that adds six lysines on the C-terminus of FP23 (FPwsm), and (iii) the C-terminus covalently linked trimeric version (FPtri) of FPwsm. Model membranes were (i) LM3 (a T-cell mimic), (ii) 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, (iii) 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/30 mol% cholesterol, (iv) 1,2-dierucoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and (v) 1,2-dierucoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/30 mol% cholesterol. Diffuse synchrotron low-angle x-ray scattering from fully …