Fresh Water Studies Commons^™

Upper White River Bmp Implementation Project (Nps Final Report), Paul F. Vendrell, K. F. Steele, M. A. Nelson, R. W. Mcnew

Technical Reports

The project objective was to monitor agricultural best management practices implemented to minimize sediment, nutrient, and bacterial impact on water quality of the Upper White River watershed. The project targeted the primary agricultural causes of non-point source nutrient and bacterial pollution in three sub-basins of the White River in the Beaver Lake Watershed. Areas with high animal densities targeted high source areas. High source areas were treated with best management practices (BMP) in an effort to reduce the impact to the White River and Beaver Lake. The predominant BMP implemented was waste management, a component of the farm nutrient management …

Improving Water Quality Through Bmps For Crop Production Systems Whole Farm Soil And Water Management, J. T. Gilmour, L. R. Frye, N. A. Slaton

Technical Reports

The major objective of this demonstration project was to assess the usefulness of Global Positioning Systems/Geographic Information Systems (GPS/GIS), water testing, soil testing and yield monitoring in a whole farm water and soil management plan. An important part of this objective was to make recommendations to increase crop productivity and decrease the potential for surface water degradation through erosion and runoff at the farm. The farm was located on 2400 acres in the Bayou de View watershed in Monroe County, Arkansas. The farm lies approximately five miles southwest of the town of Brinkley straddling Highway 17 just south of its …

Extended Water Quality Monitoring Of The Lincoln Lake Watershed, Paul F. Vendrell, K. F. Steele, M. A. Nelson, L. W. Cash, R. W. Ncnew

Technical Reports

For seven years, the Lincoln Lake (Moores Creek and Beatty Branch) watershed was monitored for improvements in water quality resulting from agricultural best management practices (BMP) implemented to reduce nutrient transport. During the first three years of monitoring (1991 to 1994), nitrogen transport declined significantly (Edwards et al., 1994, 1996, and 1997) under both base and storm flow conditions. This decline in nitrogen transport was again observed in the three-year period following 1994 (Vendrell et al. 1998). This monitoring effort has demonstrated that water quality bas improved in the Lincoln Lake watershed. However, since the nitrogen transport continued to decline …

Proceedings Of The Arkansas Water Resources Center Annual Conference: Environmental Hydrology, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

The papers and abstracts in these proceedings are the result of a joint conference of the Arkansas Water Resources Center (A WRC) with the SouthCentral Section of the Geological Society of America. The joint conference was a success with about 250 participants. A WRC sponsored two sessions on Environmental Hydrology and a short course titled "Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of Salt Water Contamination." The Environmental Hydrology presentations covered wide-ranging topics that reflect the diversity of the environmental settings across Arkansas. Topics ranged from salt water and critical ground water issues in the Delta to endangered species and interbasin ground-water recharge in …

Investigation Of Optimum Sample Number And Timing For Determining Pollution Loads, T. S. Soerens, Marc A. Nelson

Technical Reports

In order to determine the impacts of non point source (NPS) pollution and to develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (Tr\tfDLs), accurate measurements of pollution loads in streams are critical. The objectives of this study were to accurately detemline pollutant loads at two sites by intensive storm sampling, to develop sub-sampling and other data analysis techniques, to detemline the effect of sample interval on load calculation accuracy, and to find the minimum sample interval required to determine storm loads at a required accuracy. The two stream sites used were a 1st order and a 3rd order stream in the Illinois River …

Response Of A First-Order Stream In Maine To Short-Term In-Stream Acidification, S. A. Norton, R. Wagai, T. Navratil, J. M. Kaste, F. A. Rissberger

Dartmouth Scholarship

An experimental short-term acidification with HCl at a first-order stream in central Maine, USA was used to study processes controlling the changes in stream chemistry and to assess the ability of stream substrate to buffer pH. The streambed exerted a strong buffering capacity against pH change by ion exchange during the 6-hour acidification. Streambed substrates had substantial cation and anion exchange capacity in the pH range of 4.1 to 6.5. The ion exchange for cations and SO₄^2- were rapid and reversible. The speed of release of cations from stream substrates was Na¹⁺> Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Al …

Illinois River 1999 Pollutant Loads At Arkansas Higway 59 Bridge, Marc A. Nelson, Thomas S. Soerens

Technical Reports

Automatic water samplers and aU. S. Geological Survey gauging station were established in 1995 on the main stem of the Illinois River at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge. Since that time, continuous stage and discharge measurements and water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the Arkansas portion of the Illinois River. This report represents the results from the measurement and sampling for January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999.

Spatial And Temporal Changes In Land Use And Land Cover From 1988 To 1992 In The Upper White River Watershed, H. D. Scott, J. M. Mckimmey

Technical Reports

Changes in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) in the upper White River Watershed from 1988 to 1992 were analyzed and plotted using the geographic information system known as Geographic Resources Analyses Support System (GRASS). This portion of the White River Watershed includes two sub-basins the East Fork and the Middle Fork. In addition, LULC changes were determined for two smaller sub-basins, Shumate Creek and Cannon Creek, located in the East Fork of the White River. The sources and methods of interpretation of the 1988 and 1992 of data were different. Thus, there were variations in how certain portions of …

Ground Water In Northwest Arkansas: Minimizing Nutrient Contamination From Non-Point Sources In Karst Terrane, R. K. Davis, J. V. Brahana, J. S. Johnston

Technical Reports

The purpose of the project is to evaluate the effectiveness of Best Management Practices (BPMs) in preventing non-point source contamination of the ground-water resources in the karst terrane of northwestern Arkansas. Limestone and dolomite aquifers in the region are highly vulnerable to contamination. Ground-water studies performed in the region during the last two decades indicate degradation of these carbonate aquifers by nutrients and bacteria. The expeditious growth of the poultry industry during this period, in combination with the inordinate population growth of the region constitute a threat to the ground-water resources from both point sources and non-point sources of contamination. …

Economics Of Using On-Farm Reservoirs To Distribute Diverted Surface Water To Depleted Ground Water Areas Of The Southern Mississippi Valley Region, Eric J. Wailes, Kenneth B. Young, James Smartt, Gail L. Cramer

Technical Reports

Rapid ground water depletion has become a significant problem for parts of the Southern Mississippi River Valley. In 1997, the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission (ASWCC) declared six counties in the Grand Prairie of Arkansas critical ground water areas. A proposed solution to the ground water depletion problem in this region is to divert surplus flows from the White River by a canal system to the farmer stakeholders. To make the system work, on-farm reservoirs will be needed to store and manage the diverted surface water for crop irrigation use during the growing season.

Theoretical Basis For The Ce-Qual-W2 River Basin Model, Scott A. Wells, Thomas M. Cole

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The primary objective of this research is to integrate a riverine model into the existing W2 code that would provide the capability for modeling entire watersheds. This task was accomplished by the following steps:

• Formal derivation of governing equations and solution algorithm with general channel slope

• Detailed analysis of algorithm for linking branches and smooth implementation of boundary conditions between branches

• Algorithm development and changes to basic model code (including branch definitions with slope, slope correction to solution algorithm, transfer of momentum between internal branches)

These tasks were performed with the following constraints and initiatives:

• Utilize …

The Rural Towns Program : Groundwater Modelling : The Merredin Catchment, J Matta

Resource management technical reports

Agriculture Western Australia (Agwest), as part of the Rural Towns Program, was engaged to test the application of a groundwater model for potential future management options against salinity for the Merredin townsite. This report illustrates some of the options that could be implemented to achieve the objective of salinity management.

A Conceptual Hydrogeological Model For The Lake Warden Recovery Catchments Esperance, Western Australia, R Short

Resource management technical reports

The National Land and Water Resource Audit (NLWRA), has identified Dryland Salinity as one of seven major themes for an audit of the nation’s land, water, vegetation and natural resource management. Within this theme, Project 3 has been developed to investigate a key catchment type and how management scenarios will impact on dryland salinity processes. The Lake Warden catchments have been chosen as one of four catchment water balance studies to be undertaken nationally. The catchment water balance analysis will be undertaken using numerical modelling by the CSIRO, Division of Land and Water.

An Examination Of Gasoline Pollutants From Two-Cycle Marine Engines Within Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Brian Carter

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Jet skis are a very popular "toy" to have in the United States. They account for almost a third of all boat sales, and their numbers are growing rapidly. Unfortunately jet skis use two-cycle engines that pollute at unacceptable levels. Jet ski motors can emit up to 25% of its fuel right back into the water. This alarmed me and I wanted to take a deeper look into how bad jet skis pollute Las Vegas' primary water source. Lake Mead. I looked into how a two-cycle engine differs from a regular engine and I looked at the actual pollutants a …

Pesticide Ground Water Monitoring Project - Phase Vii, Terry Nichols

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Oxygen Isotopes And Metolachlor Residues In Water Samples From A Portion Of The Canajoharie Creek Watershed, Central New York, John M. Nadeau

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Increased ground and surface water contamination has fueled the need for a better understanding of factors affecting hydrogeological settings. Seasonal variability in the recharge of an aquifer can affect the rate and amount of contamination that can occur. Stable isotopes have been previously investigated as tracers to determine flow paths of the water and contaminants. In this study, oxygen isotopes were used to determine the factors that influence seasonal variations in ground and surface water, such as well location, aquifer type, surface water sites, and soil type. Samples were collected from different locations around the Canajoharie Field Site, including wells …

Water Resources Issues In The Arkansas Delta, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

Despite its location in Northwest Arkansas, the Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC) is active state-wide. This fact is underscored by the focus of the Center’s session on "Water Resource Issues in the Arkansas Delta" during its recent joint Conference. Water issues in the Delta include declining water tables, salt water intrusion, and water quality (especially suspended sediment, nitrate and pesticides). Presented papers focused on best management practices for cotton production, economics of on-farm reservoirs, chloride content of irrigation water, and landowner education. The AWRC short course was an excellent one on chemical transport in the vadose zone by Dr. Glenn …

Emergency Response Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian Main Line, Barry A. Palynchuk Phd, Michael J. Loehr, Robert W. Badger, Robert P. Conroy, Clive H. Mackay

Barry A. Palynchuk PhD

In late June 1998, a major storm event occurred in the Adirondack Mountains in the vicinity of Keeseville, New York about 150 miles north of Albany. This storm resulted in unprecedented damage to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) Canadian Mainline along the shores of Lake Champlain. The storm caused 14 major embankment failures and washouts, numerous minor failures, severe bridge foundation scour and a major mainline derailment.

Variation Of Constitutive Model Formulation On Analytical Cake Filtration Models, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Constitutive properties are required to model porosity, effective stress, porewater pressure, or permeability during cake filtration. By using an analytical cake filtration model based on Tiller (1975) with various constitutive property formulations, predictions of effective stress, permeability, and porosity distributions in a filter cake can be made. This analytical approach was only valid when spatially average values of porosity and pressure differential were constant over time. Several different constitutive property formulations were compared to data of effective stress and permeability as a function of porosity for kaolin clay in water. Also the spatial distribution of porosity in a filter cake …

Measurements Of Salinity In The Coastal Ocean: A Review Of Requirements And Technologies, Catherine Woody, Eddie Shih, Jerry Miller, Thomas Royer, Larry P. Atkinson, Richard S. Moody

CCPO Publications

Salinity, a measure of the dissolved salts in seawater, is a fundamental property of seawater and basic to understanding biological and physical processes in coastal waters. In the open ocean long term salinity measurements are identified as necessary to understand global climate studies, hydrological cycle, and circulation. In the coastal oceans, information on salinity is critical to understanding biological effects on ecosystem function such as disease, nursery grounds, or harmful algal blooms and on physical processes such as freshwater runoff estuarine mixing, and coastal currents. While the importance of salinity is recognized, little attention has been given to making routine …

The Human Factor In Size Selectivity In The Sea Scallop, Placopecten Magellanicus Fishery, Arman O. Kaltayev

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Spawning And Nursery Habitat Suitability For American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima) In The Mattaponi And Pamunkey Rivers, Donna Marie Bilkovic

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Delineation of essential fish habitat is particularly difficult for migratory fish which utilize large expanses of habitat throughout their life history. This study's main objective was the development and evaluation of habitat assessment tools for the early life stages of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in two coastal plain rivers. to accomplish this, shad spawning and larval nursery habitats were delineated in the Mattaponi and Pamunkey rivers using presence of eggs and larvae (1997--1999) as evidence of habitat use. A watershed habitat assessment protocol was developed and used to rate habitat based on hydrographic, physical habitat, shoreline and land use parameters. …

Osteology, Phylogeny, And Biogeography Of The Marine Fish Family Ephippidae (Perciformes, Acanthuroidei), With Comments On Sister Group Relationships, Martin Ray Cavalluzzi

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The marine fish family Ephippidae comprises eight genera and 15 species of extant fishes. Spadefishes or batfishes inhabit nearshore tropical to temperate waters. They are almost circumglobal in distribution, with the highest diversity in the Indo-west Pacific and the lowest diversity in the east Pacific and west Atlantic. Fifty-nine potentially informative morphological characters, 10 outgroup taxa, and eight ingroup taxa (i.e., genera) were used to explore sister group hypotheses to the Ephippidae, as well as generate a phylogeny of the Ephippidae. Seven constraint tree analyses were utilized to examine various sister group hypotheses based on previous morphological and molecular analyses …

Application Of Genetic Markers To Provide Species Identification And Define Stock Structure: Analyses Of Selected Marine Fishes Of The Mid -Atlantic Bight, Jan F. Cordes

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Molecular markers and techniques were employed to develop a genetic key for the forensic identification of 16 species of Chesapeake Bay sportfishes and to investigate the stock structure of one of those species, the weakfish Cynoscion regalis. Regions within the ATP synthetase 6 (ATPase 6), Cytochrome b , cytochrome c oxidase I, NADH dehydrogenase 4 (ND4), and 12S/16S ribosomal RNA mitochondrial genes were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with a bank of restriction endonucleases to find a genetic marker that exhibited complete interspecific differentiation and low intraspecific variation. Complete separation of all sixteen species was accomplished …

Synoptic Scale Climatic Forcing Of Multispecies Fish Recruitment Patterns In Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Wood

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Five fishery independent data sets were used to investigate multispecies fish recruitment patterns in Chesapeake Bay (1966--1997). Despite differences in sampling gear, sampled habitat, collection methods, and sampling sites, the strongest multispecies recruitment patterns within each data set (revealed by separate principal components analyses) depict a negative relationship between recruitment of spring spawning anadromous fishes and fall-winter continental shelf spawning species. This pattern dominates both low and high frequency components of the multispecies data. Because these two species groups utilize freshwater and oligohaline reaches of the Bay and its tributaries as springtime nursery areas, this Chesapeake Bay Anadromous-Shelf Spawner (CBASS) …

Effects Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure On Development And Sexual Differentiation In Ranid Tadpoles, Mary J. Rybitski

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The effects of AroclorRTM1242 exposure on developing amphibians were examined by exposing southern leopard frogs, Rana sphenocephala, to a contaminated diet throughout the larval period. Treatment groups consisted of an untreated control, a solvent control, 17beta-estradiol, and three PCB doses (10, 100, and 1000 mug/g). PCB accumulation and biotransformation were examined. Effects of PCB exposure on metamorphosis and sexual differentiation were assessed. PCB accumulation was not statistically different between the egg masses. Levels of PCBs in the tissues differed in a dose related manner. Within treatments, body weight appeared to be the major factor correlated with PCB concentration. Congener patterns …

A Framework For Construction And Analysis Of Juvenile Abundance Indices For American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima) In The York River, Virginia, Mary Lynn Aiken

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Efficiency Of Pound-Net Cull Panels: A Comparison Of Size Selectivity And Relative Release For Weakfish (Cynoscion Regalis) And Summer Flounder (Paralichthys Dentatus), Christian Harding Hager

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Microgeographic Population Genetic Structure Of The Mummichog (Fundulus Heteroclitus L) Inhabiting An Industrialized Waterway, Luis Felipe Arzayus

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Biology Of The Spotted Seatrout, Cynoscion Nebulosus, In The Chesapeake Bay Region, Thomas F. Ihde

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.