Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Variability Of Usa East Coast Surface Total Alkalinity Distributions Revealed By Automated Instrument Measurements, Christopher W. Hunt, Joseph Salisbury, Douglas Vandemark, Steffen Aßmann, Christopher Melrose, Rik Wanninkhof, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott

Faculty Publications

Seawater total alkalinity (TA) is one important determinant used to monitor the ocean carbon cycle, whose spatial distributions have previously been characterized along the United States East Coast via discrete bottle samples. Using these data, several regional models for TA retrievals based on practical salinity (S) have been developed. Broad-scale seasonal or interannual variations, however, are not well resolved in these models and existing data are highly seasonally biased. This study reports findings from the first long duration deployment of a new, commercially available TA titrator aboard a research vessel and the continuous underway surface TA measurements produced. The instrument ...

Effects Of The Transportation And Climate Initiative On The Maine Economy: An Analysis Of Cap-And-Invest And Its Heterogeneous Impacts On Rural And Urban Households, William L. Somes

Honors College

In December 2020, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) was released by the Transportation and Climate Initiative Program (TCI-P), a collaboration of 13 jurisdictions in the New England and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Modeled on the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), the TCI-P follows a cap-and-invest framework to reduce emissions from the transportation sector by 26% from 2022 to 2032. Since the TCI-P is expected to raise the price of gasoline by 5¢ to 9¢ per gallon, there has been concern that some populations may be disproportionately affected. The present research studies the potential heterogeneous impacts of the TCI-P ...

Remote Ocean Forcing On Interannual-To-Decadal Climate Variability Through Inter-Basin Interactions, Zachary F. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the connection between ocean basins through the atmosphere by employing observational data analyses and a climate modeling approach. Sea surface temperature changes in the tropical Pacific, known as the El Niño Southern Oscillation, can influence worldwide weather and sea surface temperatures in other ocean basins. For instance, tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures can impact the Atlantic and Indian Oceans through airflow changes along the equator. However, Atlantic and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature changes can also influence the tropical Pacific through similar processes. Therefore, it is challenging to identify the mechanisms of these remote connections between ocean ...

Isolated Point Discharges Into Coastal Swashes As Nutrient Sources To Coastal Waters, Mary E. Olsen

Honors Theses

Coastal water quality in the Grand Strand of South Carolina is directly influenced by human activities. Nutrient-rich runoff, stemming from numerous anthropogenic sources, finds its way into coastal waters through freshwater inputs often through tidal creeks, termed swashes. In order to better describe the amount of nutrient inputs into Singleton Swash and White Point Swash, we examine anthropogenic runoff from isolated identifiable point discharges and their nutrient concentrations. We report concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, as the sum of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) and phosphate in discharge and creek water. We hypothesize that nutrient concentrations of isolated, minor point ...

Organic Matter Spatial And Temporal Patterns In Coastal Sands Of Long Bay, South Carolina, Kayla B. Christofferson

Honors Theses

Sandy coastlines serve crucial functions to coastal economies and coastal ecology alike. In the past, organic-poor sands were considered of lower importance than organic-rich muds. Recent studies showed that sands’ low organic matter concentrations are due to high biogeochemical cycling rates, driven by rapid physical exchange, but remain infrequently studied. I present time-series of sand mass-loss-on-ignition (LOI, an organic matter proxy) profiles from February 2017 onwards at multiple sites along Long Bay, South Carolina. LOI profiles exhibit subsurface maximum values, unlike the typical decrease with depth in muddy sediments. I hypothesize that organic matter distribution with depth is affected by ...

A Comparison Of The Localized Aviation Mos Program (Lamp) And Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (Taf) Accuracy For General Aviation, Douglas D. Boyd, Thomas A. Guinn

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Background. For general aviation (GA) pilots, operations in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) carry an elevated risk of a fatal accident. As to whether a general aviation flight can be safely undertaken, aerodrome-specific forecasts (TAF, LAMP) provide guidance. Although LAMP forecasts are more common for GA-frequented aerodromes, nevertheless, the FAA recommends that for such aerodromes (and for which a TAF is not issued) the airman uses the TAF generated for the geographically closest airport for pre-flight weather evaluation. Herein, for non-TAF-issuing airports, the LAMP (sLAMP) predictive accuracy for visual (VFR) and instrument (IFR) flight rules flight category was determined.

Method. sLAMP ...

Anatomy Of A Conspiracy Theory: Law, Politics, And Science Denialism In The Era Of Covid-19, Brie Sherwin

Texas A&M Law Review

With COVID-19, we are facing the most serious public health threat of our lifetime. Now, more than ever, we need experts and sound scientific advice to guide critical decision-making during the pandemic. With conspiracy theories and other similar rhetorical weapons being used to discredit our scientific experts, we face a myriad of misinformation, mistruths, and all-out attacks on our experts, breeding distrust between the public and the policymakers leading the fight against the pandemic. As President Trump took office, scientists were routinely denigrated and isolated. Furthermore, science denialism has permeated its way up to the highest levels of government, resulting ...

Atmospheric River Case Studies In The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region, Jonathan Lewis

Senior Scholars Day

Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) are narrow bands of atmospheric moisture that bring a significant amount of precipitation to the impacted region. While ARs on the West Coast of the United States are more frequently analyzed, evaluation of the East Coast mid-Atlantic region is also important in understanding this phenomenon. East Coast ARs can be studied using the techniques already established to study West Coast ARs. Using 6-hourly MERRA-2 data with integrated water vapor transport (IVT) and integrated water vapor (IWV) thresholds, we developed an extended scale to account for the longer duration ARs that occur, an algorithm to study AR events ...

Analysis Of Winter Weather Conditions And Their Relationship To Crashes In Nebraska, John Cecava

Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

Adverse weather conditions: such as changes in visibility, precipitation, wind speed, temperature, and road surface conditions, substantially impact highway and interstate safety. Therefore, an investigation into the winter weather conditions during highway and interstate crashes in Nebraska was conducted. Crash data were obtained from the Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) for the years 2008 to 2018. In order to separate the non-winter weather related crashes and the winter weather related crashes, six filtrations were applied to make this possible. These filters were based on a few crash parameters: road classification, alcohol, and crash severity, and weather parameters within the crash ...

Impact Of Hurricane Michael (2018) On Local Vertical Total Electron Content, Joanna E.S. Williams, Robert C. Tournay, H. Rose Tseng, Daniel J. Emmons Ii, Omar A. Nava

Faculty Publications

An analysis of vertical total electron content (TEC) estimates from the MIT Madrigal database is performed for the regions surrounding the eye of Hurricane Michael (2018). Absolute and detrended TEC values show a noticeable increase during the tropical cyclone (TC) relative to fluctuations at the same locations prior to the storm. Direct comparisons of TEC perturbation magnitudes to the number of lightning flashes in latitude-longitude boxes surrounding the eye of Hurricane Michael for each 5 min period of 10 October 2018 showed no visible trends. A similar comparison of the vertical TEC fluctuations with respect to the rainfall rates showed ...

Drought-Induced Biomass Burning As A Source Of Black Carbon To The Central Himalaya Since 1781 Ce As Reconstructed From The Dasuopu Ice Core, Joel D. Barker, Susan Kaspari, Paulo Gabrielli, Anna Wegner, Emilie Beaudon, M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández, Lonnie Thompson

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Himalayan glaciers are melting due to atmospheric warming, with the potential to limit access to water for more than 25 % of the global population that resides in these glacier meltwater catchments. Black carbon has been implicated as a factor that is contributing to Himalayan glacier melt, but its sources and mechanisms of delivery to the Himalayas remain controversial. Here, we provide a 211-year ice core record spanning 1781–1992 CE for refractory black carbon (rBC) deposition from the Dasuopu glacier ice core that has to date provided the highest-elevation ice core record (7200 m). We report an average rBC concentration ...

Air Temperature Prediction Using Different Datamining Approaches In Sulaymaniyah City In Iraq, Yusra Mohammed Mohammed Salih, Sherko Murad, Brzu Tahir

Passer Journal

Climate change has a historical impact at universal and local levels over the past era. Climate change is one of the greatest challenge issues in the globe for meteorological research. Air temperature estimation, in particular, has been measured as a significant feature in weather impression studies on industrial sectors, environmental, ecological, and agricultural. Accurately predicting air temperature guides to measure lifestyle, perform a key character for the government, industries, and public in development activities. In this paper, we investigate the use of various data mining approaches such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision tree (DT), and Naïve Bayes for air ...

Data Supporting The Paper "Is The Water Vapor Supersaturation Distribution Gaussian?", Subin Thomas, Prasanth Prabhakaran, W. Cantrell, Raymond Shaw

Michigan Tech Research Data

The data in this file are from the MTU Pi Cloud Chamber and large eddy simulations. This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1754244. Data are made available in support of the above publication by Thomas et al.. For any further use, e.g., for publication elsewhere, the authors should be contacted to ensure the appropriate use of the data and proper acknowledgment.

Weather And Climate Summary And Forecast: April 2021 Report, Gregory V. Jones

Linfield University Wine Studies Reports

This report provides a summary of the weather and climate forecast for April 2021. It includes forecast information specific to the Pacific Northwest and the western United States, as well as forecast information for other portions of the United States and abroad.

Vims Ferry Pier Ambient Water Monitoring And Meteorological Data, Six-Minute Data 1986-2003, Gary F. Anderson

Data

Bulk water parameters of Temperature and Salinity were measured at the VIMS Ferry Pier from 1947 to 2003. Initial methods were undocumented but likely automated with an instrument and chart recorder since the data consists of a daily high and low measurement from which a mean value was derived. Beginning in 1986 an Inter-Ocean CTD instrument placed at mid-depth was interfaced to a digital data logger (Campbell Scientific CRJ) that recorded data every six minutes, resulting in 240 measurements per day.

This collection contains only the six-minute data from 1986 through 2003. Weather parameters were also added in 1986 and ...

Circulation, Volume 26, No.2, Center For Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University

CCPO Circulation

Spring 2021 issue of CCPO Circulation featuring the article, "Reconciling Models and Everyday Life," by Pierre St-Laurent.

Eas 250: Oceanography, Cuny School Of Professional Studies

Open Educational Resources

Oceanography is an interdisciplinary field studying the processes and interrelationships of geology, chemistry, geography, geophysics, meteorology, and biology. This course focuses on how scientific processes and scientific understanding are applied to questions such as: Which factors control life in the ocean? How do we know what we know about the ocean? What's at the bottom of the ocean? How does the water in the ocean move? How are human activities and climate change altering the ocean? Oceanographic data is used to understand the ocean and its interactions with the rest of the planet.

This course is based in part ...

Mechanisms Driving Decadal Changes In The Carbonate System Of A Coastal Plain Estuary: Associated Dataset, Fei Da, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent

Data

This dataset includes model outputs presented in the associated publication (Da et al. 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans). This study used a three-dimensional ecosystem model to quantify the relative impacts of multiple anthropogenic drivers on the Chesapeake Bay carbonate system over the past three decades. Model simulations highlight that increased atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and decreased terrestrial nutrient inputs are two primary drivers causing nearly equal reductions in pH in surface waters of the Bay.

Seasonal Variability In Diazotroph Abundance And Gene Expression At A Coastal N2 Fixation Hotspot (Outer Banks, Nc), Katherine Crider, Corday Selden, Kimberly Powell, P. Dreux Chappell

College of Sciences Posters

Marine microbial dinitrogen (N₂) fixation, the conversion of gaseous N₂ to bioavailable species, is the primary source of new oceanic nitrogen (N). N is present in nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins, and is essential to all life. Long considered to be a primarily oligotrophic ocean process, significant N₂ fixation rates have recently been observed in coastal environments, including along the Cape Hatteras front. To see if elevated N₂ fixation was a persistent feature in this region, N₂ fixation rates and N₂ fixer (diazotroph) abundance and gene expression were investigated through roughly monthly sampling ...

Alexandrium In The Arctic: Are Harmful Algae Spreading As The Arctic Warms?, Sveinn Einarsson, Kate Lowry, Robert Pickart, Karin Ashjian, P. Dreux Chappell

College of Sciences Posters

Alexandrium tamerense is a well-studied dinoflagellate known for its ability to produce the neurotoxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning. Until 1970 Alexandrium tamerense was only found in Europe, North America, and Japan but has been increasingly found all over the globe. Alexandrium is characteristically found in temperate and subtropical regions and as the Arctic warms, there is considerable concern that it may be expanding into the Arctic. We found Alexandrium tamerense during a research expedition to the Alaskan Beaufort Sea shelf to study upwelling. Upwelling events are known to support seasonal blooms of phytoplankton, which are important primary producers at ...

Defining The Environmental Niche Of The Two Main Clades Of Trichodesmium: A Study On The West Florida Shelf, Kristina Confesor, Corday Selden, Kimberly Powell, Angela Knapp, Kristen Buck, Laura Donahue, Dreux Chappell

College of Sciences Posters

Dinitrogen (N₂) fixation is the process of taking widely abundant but mostly biologically inaccessible N₂ gas and converting it into more biologically accessible forms of the essential macronutrient nitrogen. Only a small fraction of organisms known as diazotrophs can perform biological N₂ fixation. Trichodesmium is one such genus of N₂-fixing marine cyanobacteria that is commonly observed in waters along the West Florida Shelf (WFS). We hypothesize that the two main Trichodesmium clades (T. erythraeum and T. thiebautii) occupy distinct environmental niches, one being more coastal and one being more oceanic. To test this hypothesis, we ...

Examining Arctic Melt Pond Dynamics Via High Resolution Satellite Imagery, Austin Abbott, Victoria Hill

College of Sciences Posters

The Arctic Ocean is a rapidly changing environment, and a key observational system for monitoring climate change. The Arctic is going under a rapid transition from thicker, multi-year ice, to thinner first-year ice, that may have many potential consequences. As first year Arctic sea ice begins to retreat in the spring and early summer, melting snow and ice form ponds on the surface- “melt ponds”. These melt ponds increase light transmission to the water column, resulting in warming and increased primary production under the ice. Recent advances in high resolution satellite imagery now allow us to monitor the development and ...

Vims Ferry Pier Ambient Water Monitoring Data, Salinity And Temperature, Daily Summary 1947-2003, Gary F. Anderson

Data

Bulk water parameters of Temperature and Salinity were measured at the VIMS Ferry Pier from 1947 to 2003. Initial methods were undocumented but likely automated with an instrument and chart recorder since the data consists of a daily high and low measurement from which a mean value was derived.

Beginning in 1971 an automated instrument recorded continuously from which 2-hour measurements were made and daily minimum and maxima were derived. Beginning in 1986 an Inter-Ocean CTD instrument placed at mid-depth was interfaced to a digital data logger (Campbell Scientific CRJ) that recorded data every six minutes, resulting in 240 measurements ...

Linking Field Observations And Satellite Data To Assess The Impacts Of Environmental Controls On Water Use Efficiency, For The State Of Kentucky., Sydney Abbott

Scholars Week

Linking field observations and satellite data to assess the impacts of environmental controls on water use efficiency, for the state of Kentucky.

Sydney Abbott, Bassil El Masri

Murray State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Abstract

Water use efficiency (WUE), the ratio of carbon assimilation to water loss, is a key physiological parameter linking carbon and water cycles. Understanding changes in WUE is critical to quantify the terrestrial ecosystem response to climate change. In this study, we evaluated satellite data against data collected at an eddy covariance site at Kentucky State University for 5 years (2016-2020). We compared the ...

Investigating Decadal Changes Of Multiple Hydrological Products And Land-Cover Changes In The Mediterranean Region For 2009–2018, Wenzhao Li, Sachi Perera, Erik Linstead, Rejoice Thomas, Hesham El-Askary, Thomas Piechota, Daniele Struppa

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Land-cover change is a critical concern due to its climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic consequences. In this study, we used multiple variables including precipitation, vegetation index, surface soil moisture, and evapotranspiration obtained from different satellite sources to study their association with land-cover changes in the Mediterranean region. Both observational and modeling data were used for climatology and correlation analysis. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) were used to extract surface soil moisture and evapotranspiration data. Intercomparing the results of FLDAS and GLDAS suggested that FLDAS data had better ...

Thermoelectric Generation And Thermophysical Properties Of Metal Oxide Nanofluids, Xinran Hou, Rong-Tsu Wang, Shaowen Huang, Jung-Chang Wang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

This study describes the comprehensive characterization of the diverse water-based nanofluids involving aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide nanoparticles, which were prepared through the two-step synthesis method assisted by a microemulsion ultrasound skill with effects of both weight-percent concentration (wt.%) in the range of 1.0% and 5.0% and between 20 ^oC and 40 ⁰C. The mean cluster size, zeta potential, pH value, viscosity, thermal conductivity, absorbance, light absorption, and electrical charge density of the various nanofluids were surveyed by relative experiments. The results showed that the 2 wt.% Al₂O₃, 2 wt.% TiO ...

A New Fuzzy Dea Model For Solving The Mcdm Problems In Supplier Selection, Chi-Mao Tsai, Hsuan-Shih Lee, Guo-Ya Gan

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Supplier selection is a crucial task in supply chain management, and good supply chain management is essential to a company's ability to develop sustainably and gain the trust and satisfaction of its customers. In modern supply chain management, supplier selection often takes the form of a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Thus, to solve this problem, this study formulated a novel fuzzy MCDM model, which is based on the fuzzy data envelopment analysis model. This novel approach can transform the linguistic variables of assessment criteria into well-founded quantitative data for calculation. Moreover, our approach can effectively discriminate between decision-making units ...

Wireless Sensor Network-Based Monitoring Of Bridge Pile Foundations For Detecting Scouring Depth, Han-Tang Huang, H. Ping Tserng, Ruei-Yu Hou, Mirosław Skibniewski

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Climate change brings about unprecedented increases in the occurrence of storms and flooding. In response to increased risk of bridge pier scouring, there is a need for increased safety monitoring of bridges. This paper presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) - based solution developed to measure micro-vibrations of a bridge pier. Test measurement values are converted with the use of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method to obtain natural frequencies. Scouring depth of the pier is estimated with the use of a Finite Element Method model. WSN is used to collect the signal and to test data transmission stability in different ...

Evaluation Of The Human Discomfort Caused By Ship Vibrations, Laurentiu Picu, Eugen Rusu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

The present work analyzes the subjective responses of people exposed to transient vibrations caused by systems with a single degree of freedom. In this context, the main objective of the research was to identify the main effect of vibrations on people's well-being at work (in particular on vessels crew) and to discover those frequencies that lead to the greatest discomfort. In order to achieve this goal, 12 laboratory experiments were carried out involving ten male subjects in good health, aged between 28 and 42. The variables of the vibratory system considered are: acceleration (4.8 ÷ 8.6 m/s ...

Application Of Physically Based Semi-Distributed Hec-Hms Model For Flow Simulation In Tributary Catchments Of Kaohsiung Area Taiwan, Fiaz Hussain, Ray-Shyan Wu, Kai-Chun Yu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Hydrologic modeling is a commonly used tool to understand the rainfallerunoff processes of gauged and ungauged catchments for proper quantitative estimation of water resources availability. In the present study, an attempt is made to simulate surface runoff using a physically based semi-distributed hydrological (HEC-HMS) model for four local-scale tributary catchments of Kaohsiung area Taiwan. The input physical parameters of the model were calculated and preprocessed in HEC-GeoHMS based on digital elevation model (DEM), land use, soil and hydro-meteorological data. The model performance was satisfactory with Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ¼ 0.51 to 0.86 and the coefficient of determination ...