Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons^™

Volume 2, Number 12 (December 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Volume 2, Number 11 (November 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Crude Oil Prices On The Output Composition Of Refined Petroleum Products, Angelos Pagoulatos, David L. Debertin, Emilio Pagoulatos

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In this study the crude petroleum market is linked to the market of refined petroleum products through a set of technological relationships. An econometric study is used to quantify the existing relevant variables. The price equations for each refined product are used to derive estimates of elasticities with respect to quantity supplied, price of domestic crude oil and price of imports.

Low Btu Producer Gas -- A Fuel Of The Past And A Fuel Of The Future, Lee Carter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A prime purpose of this paper is to give conscious emphasis to an important type of coal gasification, one that does not demand hundreds of millions of dollars to launch an experimental program but instead is essentially ready to use after a reasonable and straightforward engineering check-out of the local coal sources and the prospective gas demand.

That type of coal gasification results in low Btu producer gas. This paper deals with its history, its technology and its economics. In the light of that information, the future of low Btu producer gas in America then is assessed.

Comparison Of Stirred And Immobilized Cell Reactors For Ethanol Production, Oliver C. Sitton, J. L. Gaddy

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Biomass can be converted to sugars by hydrolysis with enzymes or mineral acids. These sugars can be converted into a number of chemical intermediates in biological reactors. Biological reactions are generally slow and selection of the most efficient reactor is important in these applications.

Immobilized cell reactors allow high cell densities and high throughput by attaching microorganisms to a fixed support. This paper compares the rate of production of ethanol from glucose by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in a packed column and a stirred reactor.

Continuous stirred reactor studies showed a washout rate of .27 hr^-1. The optimum rate of …

Effective Utilization Of Energy From Biomass Residues In Agricultural Applications, Harry W. Parker

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Biomass is one of the more attractive alternative energy sources. Use of existing biomass residues within the farm and ranch economy can be accomplished with a minimum of organizational problems since the producer, processor, and consumer may be the same person or organization. The major task is to provide potential agricultural biomass users with accurate cost estimates for the energy made available from the biomass, and contemporary technology for its utilization.

Specific examples are given with regard to powering irrigation well engines with cotton gin trash via a producer gas generator, and conversion of harvested mesquite wood to digestible energy …

Cost Accounting Regulations In Oil And Gas Industries, Lakshmi U. Tatikonda, Rao J. Tatikonda

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The cost accounting methods that are currently used in the oil and gas Industry are very diverse. Since the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, increased attention was given to this issue, which resulted in the issuance of SFAS-19 by the FA SB and the SEC’s attempt to develop a new accounting method based on the value of their reserves. The pros and cons of the existing methods are discussed. Also discussed is the need for a uniform accounting procedure.

Energy Substitution Prospects, Vaman Rao

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Any discussion about the future pattern of energy use invariably includes scernarios involving a switch-over to that source of energy which is available in abundant supply. It is taken for granted, for example, that coal will play a major role in the future and that the relative share of oil will decline with the passage of time. It is too simplistic to assume that a time series analysis will give the likely clues as to the pattern of switch-over from one source of energy to another. There has been a radical change in the structure of exchange relations between the …

National And Regional Agricultural Impact Of Natural Gas Deregulation And Curtailment Under A High Export Scenario, Barton C. English, Earl O. Heady, Dan Dvoskin

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An interregional national linear program ring model is used to evaluate the national and regional inpacts cn agriculture of two alternative natural gas policies -- curtailment to irrigation and deregulation. Energy use, agricultural production, commodity shadow prices, and resource use under natural gas curtailment and deregulation are compared to a base nn without these policy changes.

Analysis Of Residential Electric Demand In Southwestern Indiana, Mangi L. Agarwal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study analyzes the residential demand for electricity in the Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company service area. It explores the many variables which may contribute to electricity consumption. It also attempts to synthesize various weather and climatic data into one variable called the "comfort index" which may explain part of the electricity consumption. In estimating the demand equations, monthly data for twelve years have been used.

Gasification Of Municipal Solid Waste In A Fluidized Bed Reactor, Craig W. Mosley, Radon Tolman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Results of pilot plant municipal solid waste gasification studies conducted at the Adolph Coors Company, Golden, Colorado, are presented. The nominal one ton per hour, 150 psig, fluidized bed gasification system was operated during 1973- 1974 using steam and air as oxidants and fluidizing media. These studies show the feasibility of a one-stage, air blown, fluid bed MSW conversion system.

Burning Wood As A Supplement To Solid Waste, Andrew R. Banta, William P. Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The University of Kansas at Lawrence uses natural gas and oil to generate steam for heating and other campus needs. The projected price increase of these fuels has led to a study of burning solid waste and wood. This study discusses the technical and economic considerations of burning wood. Topics included are sources and availability, collection and transportation, preparation and burning, and environmental effects. It is concluded that sufficient wood is available; truck transport is the only feasible option; drying some wood is desirable; and that the burning can be done separately or directly with the solid waste.

An Analysis Of Investments In Residential Energy Conservation In Southeast Missouri, Ralph Gunderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study examines the economic feasibility of residential solar heating. Climatic and economic variables used in this report represent those of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. An annual cost model is used to determine the conditions under which solar heating achieves a reduced annual cost of heating relative to gas and electric heating systems.

Industrial Energy Conservation Through Boiler Operation Efficiency Improvement, Dupree Maples, G. D. Whitehouse

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A method of determining the minimum amount of oxygen in the flue gas which results in the most efficient combustion is discussed. Results of field test are presented. The magnitude of the stack gas losses is dependent on the stack gas composition determined by the fuel and quantity of excess air and the stack temperature.

Oil Shale Energy And The Environment, Stephen Utter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Shale oil can be produced from oil shale by true In situ, modified in situ, and surface retorting methods. Both modified in situ and surface methods require mining of the oil shale. The environmental Implications of an oil shale mining industry are reviewed and the impacts upon land use, air and water quality, and ecological systems discussed. The Bureau's mining environmental research program is described and the results to date summarized.

New Concept In Louver Blade Design Reduces Energy Losses, Peggy Kitchen, R. David Moore

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A new louver blade design, developed through extensive wind tunnel tests, employs an airfoil shape with excellent aerodynamic characteristics. Stressed-skin construction adds strength and rigidity permitting the use of longer blades and the elimination of unnecessary frame sections. Lever arms and linkage rods are placed out of the airstream, further reducing resistance to airflow. Louvers and dampers employing this design will have a pressure drop of from 1/4 to 1/10 that of units of traditional design.

Fuel Gas From Wood Waste, V. K. Mathur, R. A. Caughey

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Design, construction and operation of a new type of gasifier for the production of fuel gas from wood waste (sawdust, chips, bark, etc.) are discussed. Data obtained from pilot plants are presented. The gasifier is inexpensive, easy to operate and has about 95% efficiency.

Banquet Speaker: Energy -- What We Must Do, Peter Van Nort

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

You have heard for the last two days and will hear tomorrow relative to energy what people are planning, what is being researched, what is proposed, what is possible, what is being tested, etc. I would like to tell you what each of us must do relative to energy. I hope you will excuse me for being presumptuous….

The message might better be called a plea -- a plea from one person committed to the great- ness of this country and more importantly, committed to its survival in its present form….

We are in a crisis….Never before have we run …

Heat Recovery System For Glass Melting Furnace, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The installation and operating of a 100 ton per day glass melting furnace by Flat River Glass Company to make specialty bottles provided an excellent opportunity for recovery of waste heat. The furnace operates at 2300°F, and four feeders to bottle making machines operate at 2100“F. The 120,000 s.f. packaging area is next to the furnace bay, and it is heated solely by reclaimed heat from the melting furnace bay.

There are two systems that are used to transfer this waste heat from the furnace area to the packaging area. The first of these systems is a water loop. Water …

An Analysis Of Solar Heating Costs In Arkansas Broiler Houses, Ralph Gunderson, J. Martin Redfern

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study is based on the computer simulation model of a solar heated broiler house in four locations in Arkansas. This simulation model estimated the annual energy savings in each broiler house due to the installation of a solar heating system. This paper uses present value analysis to estimate the life cycle costs of heating conventional and solar heated broiler houses in the state of Arkansas. From these calculations, the number of years required to achieve a break-even cost of heating is estimated.

The Development Of Coal-Based Emulsions And Their Potential Impact On The National Economy, Murphy I. Song

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The proposed national energy policy emphasizes the use of coal replacing oil and gas. Coal-oil mixture (COM) can be produced using techniques developed in recent years to replace oil and gas. Large existing utility and industrial boilers could be converted to bum COM by retrofitting the boilers. In addition, the COM provides definite financial advantages to the owners of large utility and industrial boilers. The use of COM impacts on the national economy through new investment for retrofitting utility and industrial boilers, through reduced importation of residual oil, and through increased demand for coal.

Usable Energy Resources Expand Under The Economic Pressures Of Fuel Scarcity, Raphael Shen

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Until mankind finds properties in materials that are useful and usable under given economic conditions, these materials are not resources. In the past, many of them became usable as the ones they replaced became scarce and expensive. Market induced R & D toward profit seeking and cost minimization hastens to incorporate currently unused materials into the productive processes. With the increase in oil and natural gas prices, hitherto untapped energy sources present themselves as attractive alternatives. There will be no permanent shortage of energy resources, and the current energy crisis will be a page of past history in the foreseeable …

The Cost Of Crop Residues As An Auxiliary Fuel Source For Coal-Fired Power Plants, Cameron Short, Burton C. English, Steve K. Johnson, Earl O. Heady

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Estimates are made of the costs of crop residues as an auxilary fuel to existing coal-fired power plants. Costs of crop residues include costs for foregone agronomic benefits of incorporating crop residues, and costs for harvesting transporting processing and boiler modifications. A range of cost estimates is given depending on annual demand.

University Of Missouri--Rolla Wood Energy Research, Yildirim Omurtag, V. J. Flanigan, Nathan E. Welch

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The overall objective of this project is to conduct a research and development program which will lead to the early commercialization of wood gasification technology to process wood residues typical of those found in the Ozark region.

Innovations In Heat Pumps, Ronald Hunter Howell, Harry J. Sauer Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The status of the residential heat pump industry is reviewed. Some potential improvements in energy efficiency, operational reliability, and initial cost are described and delineated. These possible innovations include two-speed or variable speed compressors, reliable defrost initiation and termination, improved system components, modifications to the basic thermodynamic cycle, add-on-heat pumps, solar assisted heat pumps, annual cycle energy system, chemical heat pumps, and gas fired heat pumps.

It's The Effort That Counts, Wayne L. Daniel

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper outlines the approach taken by a graphic arts company to continue operating within the confines of its non-interruptible General Service Rate for natural gas and simultaneously expand its production volume.

Volume 2, Number 10 (October 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Volume 2, Number 9 (September 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Volume 2, Number 8 (August 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Volume 2, Number 7 (July 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.