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University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well

Articles 1 - 24 of 24

Full-Text Articles in Soil Science

Biological Processes: Relationships Between Earthworms And Soil Temperature, Edwin C. Berry, Jerry K. Radke Jan 1995

Biological Processes: Relationships Between Earthworms And Soil Temperature, Edwin C. Berry, Jerry K. Radke

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Soil fauna play important roles in many soil processes and conditions which relate to agricultural systems. Earthworms are credited with enhancing soil fertility and soil physical properties by their feeding and burrowing activities. Most research on earthworms has focused on the warmer seasons of the year and relatively little is known about earthworm activity and survival during the portion of the year with frozen soils. Earthworms may survive winter by acclimatization, aestivation, or by burrowing to deeper depths where the soil is not frozen. More research is needed on the fate of earthworms in frozen soils. Suggested research areas include: …

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Freezing And Thawing Of Agricultural Soils: Implications For Soil, Water, And Air Quality, Brenton S. Sharratt, Keith E. Saxton, Jerry K. Radke Jan 1995

Freezing And Thawing Of Agricultural Soils: Implications For Soil, Water, And Air Quality, Brenton S. Sharratt, Keith E. Saxton, Jerry K. Radke

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Most agricultural lands in the USA are subject to subfreezing temperatures. Soil freezing and thawing affects both biotic and abiotic interactions and processes which vary with weather, soil type, land management, and topography. Soil fauna generally undergo physiological changes or rely on locomotion as a means of adapting to frozen soils. Managing faunal populations using soil management may be achievable with a better understanding of winter ecological processes. Many of the thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and physical properties of soils are altered by freezing and thawing. Soil erosion may be accentuated by soil freezing and thawing as a result of changes …

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Migration Of Water During Winter In West Central Minnesota Soils, Brenton S. Sharratt Jan 1995

Migration Of Water During Winter In West Central Minnesota Soils, Brenton S. Sharratt

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Soil freezing influences the amount and quality of our water resources, yet, little is known concerning the impacts of soil texture and water content before freezing on water migration in frozen soils. Columns of Hamerly clay loam and Sioux loam at 3 initial water contents were subjected to the vagaries of the field environment at Morris, Minnesota during the winter of 1993-1994 and then sectioned to determine changes in soil water content. Redistribution of water in the frozen soil layer became more apparent with an increase in initial water content. Little movement of water occurred at the lowest initial water …

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Studies On Freezing And Thawing Soils In Iowa, Jerry K. Radke, Edwin C. Berry Jan 1995

Studies On Freezing And Thawing Soils In Iowa, Jerry K. Radke, Edwin C. Berry

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Frozen soils have a major influence on the cropping systems and farming practices in northern states. However, relatively little research has been done on the physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the field during the non-growing season. Experiments on frozen soils were started recently in Iowa to 1) study the effects of residue cover on soil freezing and thawing, 2) measure the movement of water and solutes and changes in soil structure due to freezing and thawing of repacked soil columns in the field, 3) test the SHAW (Simultaneous Heat And Water) model for its capability to predict …

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Soil Freeze-Thaw Processes: Implications For Nutrient Cycling, C. Wayne Honeycutt Jan 1995

Soil Freeze-Thaw Processes: Implications For Nutrient Cycling, C. Wayne Honeycutt

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Soil freeze-thaw processes can regulate nutrient availability to plants by influencing nutrient leakage from plant tissues, nutrient release from soil organisms, mineral weathering, various inorganic nutrient transformations, and nutrient transport in both soil solution and sediment. These aspects of freeze-thaw processes are given in this review. A frequently reported observation is that soil water content controls the extent of freeze-thaw impacts on several chemical, physical, and biological processes and components important for nutrient cycling. Practices affecting soil water content, such as tillage and crop residue management, may therefore provide opportunities for managing freeze-thaw impacts on nutrient use efficiency in crop …

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Frost Tillage For Soil Management In The Northeastern Usa, Harold M. Van Es, Robert R. Schindelbeck Jan 1995

Frost Tillage For Soil Management In The Northeastern Usa, Harold M. Van Es, Robert R. Schindelbeck

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Tillage during the winter is typically considered impossible, despite its desirability in some cases. Soil freezing results in net upward movement of water to the freezing zone which facilitates primary tillage or incorporation of amendments. these can be performed during a time window when the frost layer is sufficiently thin to be ripped and the underlying soil is tillable. We evaluated the feasibility of frost tillage and performed an agronomic comparison with spring-tilled soil. Soil conditions conductive to frost tillage occurred during three time windows in the 1991/1992 and two in the 1992/1993 winter at Ithaca, NY. Frost tillage resulted …

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Overwinter Changes In Dry Aggregate Size Distribution Influencing Wind Erodibility In A Spring Wheat-Summerfallow Cropping System, Stephen D. Merrill, Alfred L. Black, Ted M. Zobeck Jan 1995

Overwinter Changes In Dry Aggregate Size Distribution Influencing Wind Erodibility In A Spring Wheat-Summerfallow Cropping System, Stephen D. Merrill, Alfred L. Black, Ted M. Zobeck

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A long-term study of the wind erodibility properties of a two-year spring wheat-summerfallow cropping systems was started in 1988 in south-central North Dakota as part of an USDA-ARS led effort to construct a process-oriented soil erosion predictive model. Observations were conducted on a conservation tillage experiment established in 1984 on soil classified in the U.S. as Typic-Pachic Haploborolls and in Canada as Brown to Dark Brown Chenozemic. The experiment included four residue-management treatments defined by targeted residue coverages: no-till, > 60% cover; minimal-till, 30% to 60% cover and undercutter dominated; conventional-till, < 30% cover and disk dominated; low-residue, < 5 % cover. Fall and spring measurements of dry aggregate size distribution (ASD) of surface soil (0 to 4 cm depth), and overwinter changes in ASD are reported here. A rotary sieve produced six size fractions ranging from < 0.42 mm to > 19.2 mm diameter. Measurements of ASD are expressed as geometric …

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Frozen Soils: A Perspective On Past And Future Research For Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Jerry K. Radke, Brenton S. Sharratt, W. Doral Kemper, Dale A. Bucks Jan 1995

Frozen Soils: A Perspective On Past And Future Research For Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Jerry K. Radke, Brenton S. Sharratt, W. Doral Kemper, Dale A. Bucks

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Frozen soils impact many industries which rely· on soil, water, and .air resources in developing and manufacturing products. Most noteworthy is the agricultural industry in the northern United States where soils, which sustain food and fiber production, are subjected to frequent freezing and thawing. Soil freezing and thawing influences soil erodibility, surface and ground water quality, air quality, and biological activity. Many strides toward understanding frozen soil processes and managing lands to minimize the adverse effects of freezing and thawing have been made over the last two decades. Yet, further efforts to identify frozen soil processes which influence wind and …

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Morphological Indicators Of Seasonally-Saturated Soils For A Hydrosequence In Southeastern Minnesota, J. C. Bell, J. A. Thompson, C. A. Butler Jan 1995

Morphological Indicators Of Seasonally-Saturated Soils For A Hydrosequence In Southeastern Minnesota, J. C. Bell, J. A. Thompson, C. A. Butler

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The duration and depth of seasonal soil saturation affects soil suitability for many landuses and are critical factors in the determination of hydric soil boundaries for jurisdictional wetland delineations. Biochemical processes in saturated, anaerobic soil conditions lead to the genesis of soil morphological features that indicate the duration of seasonal saturation. However, few prior studies confirm the relationships between soil hydrology and soil morphology in Minnesota landscapes. We monitored water table and piezometric elevations, soil temperature, redox potential, and soil matric potential at multiple depths for five locations along a hillslope hydrosequence of well to very poorly drained prairie soils …

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Urban Lead In Minnesota: Soil Transect Results Of Four Cities, Howard W. Mielke, Sara Burroughs, Randall Wade, Timothy Yarrow, Paul W. Mielke Jan 1984

Urban Lead In Minnesota: Soil Transect Results Of Four Cities, Howard W. Mielke, Sara Burroughs, Randall Wade, Timothy Yarrow, Paul W. Mielke

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The focus of this field study was the development of a soil collection and analysis method for the rapid assessment of urban lead (Pb) buildup in four Minnesota cities, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Duluth, and Rochester. The results show that soil Pb buildup is mainly a function of urban size, although specific geographic factors, such as a bluff that constrains city development along a narrow corridor, also play a role in Pb distribution and concentration. Maximum urban Pb concentrations were approximately 25, 70, and 100 times rural soil Pb levels, in Rochester, Duluth, and the centers of Minneapolis and St. Paul …

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Acidification Of Minnesota Soils By Nitrogen Fertilization And Acid Rain, Paul R. Bloom, William M. Schuh, W. W. Nelson Jan 1981

Acidification Of Minnesota Soils By Nitrogen Fertilization And Acid Rain, Paul R. Bloom, William M. Schuh, W. W. Nelson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The effect of inputs of acidifying nitrogen fertilizer and acid rain on the pH of a typical Minnesota prairie agricultural soil was estimated. Experimental data from a long term continuous corn experiment at the Southwest Experiment Station near Lamberton were used to calculate the effects of nitrogen fertilizers. Acid rain effects were estimated using soil buffering data obtained in the experiment along with existing estimates of rainfall acidity. In a typical corn-soybean rotation, using 100 kg per ha of nitrogen additions to corn, a 0 .25 unit pH drop is expected in about 38 years. The estimated acidity of the …

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Till Fabrics And Pedoturbations In Some Soils Of Minnesota, Gerald W. Mccormick Jan 1979

Till Fabrics And Pedoturbations In Some Soils Of Minnesota, Gerald W. Mccormick

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Till-fabric analyses provide an index of pedoturbation for soils formed in till. This analysis of four soils in east-central Minnesota shows that pedoturbation has had little or no effect upon the orientations of pebbles in B2 horizons and ambiguous effects in the B 1 and A2 horizons. Effects of frost action are not apparent.

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Observation And Prediction Of Soil Water Under Different Types Of Vegetation, D. V. Wroblewski, D. F. Grigal Jan 1975

Observation And Prediction Of Soil Water Under Different Types Of Vegetation, D. V. Wroblewski, D. F. Grigal

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Soil water trends were monitored during the 1971 growing season on the Anoka Sand Plain in east-central Minnesota. Soils were sampled under four vegetation densities, ranging from old field through increasing amounts of oak overstory. There was no difference over the sampled period in total soil water content (to 100 cm) on the four sites. Differences were found in water content of individual soil horizons, and especially in the surface horizon (0 to 10 cm). A model of evapotranspiration was used to simulate the observed trends and the prediction and observations were closely correlated (r2 ~ 0 .91).

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Procedure And Structure For An Instructional Laboratory Which Supplements Research, R. S. Adams Jr. Jan 1968

Procedure And Structure For An Instructional Laboratory Which Supplements Research, R. S. Adams Jr.

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

This paper describes the organization of a laboratory course in Soil Chemical Analysis. Students select and pursue small research problems to gain experience in the soil analyses that are discussed in lecture and required in the laboratory. Involvement of the class in an actual research problem proved challenging to both the instructor and the class. The data obtained often supplemented current departmental research. Individual projects were found to be easier to supervise than team problems. This paper reports results of a team project examining parameters of a pot experiment. Shape of the pot, methods of watering, methods of fertilizing, and …

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Exhaustive Extractions Of A Minnesota Peat, Moses Passer May 1956

Exhaustive Extractions Of A Minnesota Peat, Moses Passer

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Chemical Products From Minnesota Peat, Willard P. Armstrong, Edgar L. Piret Apr 1947

Chemical Products From Minnesota Peat, Willard P. Armstrong, Edgar L. Piret

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Preliminary Report On Subtratum Temperature Studies On Root Growth, Stanley W. Oexemann Apr 1943

Preliminary Report On Subtratum Temperature Studies On Root Growth, Stanley W. Oexemann

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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The Present Status Of The Soil Survey In Minnesota, P. R. Mcmiller Apr 1942

The Present Status Of The Soil Survey In Minnesota, P. R. Mcmiller

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Infiltration And Capillary Rise In Sandy Soils, Wallace M. Johnson Apr 1938

Infiltration And Capillary Rise In Sandy Soils, Wallace M. Johnson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Characteristics Of Some Forest Soils Developed On The Young Red (Patrician) Drift, C. O. Rost, Olaf C. Soine Apr 1938

Characteristics Of Some Forest Soils Developed On The Young Red (Patrician) Drift, C. O. Rost, Olaf C. Soine

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Soil Erosion Demonstration Areas In Southern Minnesota, R. H. Davis Apr 1936

Soil Erosion Demonstration Areas In Southern Minnesota, R. H. Davis

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Sources Of The Constituents Of Minnesota Soils, C. W. Hall Jan 1891

Sources Of The Constituents Of Minnesota Soils, C. W. Hall

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Section Of A Deep Well At Emmetsburg, Ia, N. H. Winchell Dec 1878

Section Of A Deep Well At Emmetsburg, Ia, N. H. Winchell

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Notes On The Deep Well Drilled At East Minneapolis, Minn., In 1874-1875, N. H. Winchell Dec 1875

Notes On The Deep Well Drilled At East Minneapolis, Minn., In 1874-1875, N. H. Winchell

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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