Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Ecological And Erosion Protection Functions Of Chesapeake Bay Living Shorelines : Comprehensive Monitoring Of Ecological And Erosion Protection Functions Of Chesapeake Bay Living Shorelines (Cmls), Phase I, Donna Marie Bilkovic, Molly Mitchell

Reports

Armoring shorelines to prevent erosion, improve access, and accommodate individual landscaping interests can result in fragmentation or loss of habitats, reduction in capacity to moderate pollutant loads delivered to coastal waters, reduction in nekton and macrobenthic integrity (Bilkovic et al. 2005, King et al. 2005, Seitz et al. 2006, Bilkovic et al. 2006, Bilkovic & Roggero 2008), increases in invasive species, such as Phragmites australis (Chambers et al. 1999, King et al. 2007), and disturbance of sediment budgets sustaining adjacent properties. As an alternative to traditional armoring of shorelines, shoreline protection techniques incorporating natural elements from the system are increasingly …

A Geotechnical Evaluation Of Chesapeake Beach Shoal For Beach Quality Sand, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox, Christine A. Wilcox

Reports

Chesapeake Beach Shoal is located along the southern coast of Chesapeake Bay in Virginia Beach, Virginia (Figure 1-1). Chesapeake Beach, which is nearly adjacent, has a history of chronic beach erosion which threatens upland infrastructure. Beach nourishment occurs on Ocean Park Beach to the east from intermittent dredging of Lynnhaven Inlet (Figure 1-2), but the effects do not always translate westward to Chesapeake Beach. The general alongshore sand movement is east to west. The purpose of this project is to establish a reliable source of beach sand for Chesapeake Beach via the nearshore shoal. Many issues, including identifying the location …

Northampton County, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods And Guidelines, Marcia Berman, Harry Berquist, Sharon Killeen, Carl Hershner, Karinna Nunez, Karen Reay, Tamia Rudnicky, Daniel E. Schatt

Reports

The data inventory developed for the Shoreline Inventory is based on a three tiered shoreline assessment approach. In most cases this assessment characterizes conditions that can be observed from a small boat navigating along the shoreline. The three tiered shoreline assessment approach divides the shorezone into three regions:

1 ) the immediate riparian zone, evaluated for land use; 2 ) the bank, evaluated for height, stability, cover and natural protection; and 3 ) the shoreline, describing the presence of shoreline structures for shore protection and recreational purposes. Hand-held GPS units are used to log features observed in the field.

Three …

City Of Hampton, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods And Guidelines, Marcia Berman, Harry Berquist, Sharon Killeen, Carl Hershner, Karinna Nunez, Karen Reay, Tamia Rudnicky

Reports

The data inventory developed for the Shoreline Inventory is based on a three‑tiered shoreline assessment approach. In most cases this assessment characterizes conditions that can be observed from a small boat navigating along the shoreline. The three tiered shoreline assessment approach divides the shorezone into three regions: 1) the immediate riparian zone, evaluated for land use; 2) the bank, evaluated for height, stability, cover and natural protection; and 3) the shoreline, describing the presence of shoreline structures for shore protection and recreational purposes. Hand-held GPS units are used to log features observed in the field.

Three GIS coverages are developed …

Shoreline Evolution: Richmond County, Virginia Rappahannock River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Richmond County is situated on the Northern Neck Peninsula in the eastern portion of Virginia (Figure 1). The Rappahannock River forms the southern boundary of this 192 square mile community. The County has 149 miles of shoreline on the Rappahannock River and Cat Point and Totuskey Creeks. Through time, the County’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, …

Evaluating Recruitment Of American Eel, Anguilla Rostrata, In The Potomac River (Spring 2011), Troy D. Tuckey, Mary C. Fabrizio

Reports

The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) adopted the Interstate Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the American eel in November 1999. The FMP focuses on increasing coastal states’ efforts to collect American eel data through both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent studies. Consequently, member jurisdictions agreed to implement an annual survey for young-of-year (YOY) American eels. The survey is intended to “…characterize trends in annual recruitment of the YOY eels over time [to produce a] qualitative appraisal of the annual recruitment of American eel to the U.S. Atlantic Coast” (ASMFC 2000). The development of these surveys began in 2000 with full implementation …

Sea Level Rise: Local Fact Sheet For The Middle Peninsula, Virginia, William G. Reay, Sandra Y. Erdle

Reports

A look at the geologic record of Chesapeake Bay shows a long and dynamic history - from the bolide (asteroid or comet) impact about 35 million years ago which formed the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, to the melting of glaciers beginning about 18,000 years ago, resulting in a continued rise of sea level and drowning of the Susquehanna River valley. Given that the rise in sea level has been occurring for thousands of years and is fundamental to the present formation of the Chesapeake Bay and our local tidal waters, why is there a recent heightened level of concern regarding …

Shoreline Evolution: Surry County, Virginia James River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Surry County is situated on the southern shore of the James River (Figure 1). The County has 168 miles of shoreline along the James River, Upper Chippokes Creek and Grays Creek. Through time, the County’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future . Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.

The purpose of this report is to document how the shore …

Colonial Beach State Of The Beach Report: 2011, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Christine Wilcox

Reports

The Town of Colonial Beach occupies a peninsula between the Potomac River and Monroe Bay. Approximately 2.5 miles of the shoreline is publicly-owned. Two areas on the Potomac River have been enhanced as recreational beaches for swimming and sunbathing. Central Beach is located just south of the Town Pier and is the main recreational beach. Castlewood Beach is south of Central Beach near the entrance to Monroe Bay. Mean tide range is 1.64 ft while the spring range 1.94 ft (NOAA,2011).

Specific shore change is addressed at Central Beach and Castlewood Beach through recent beach profiles. Beach profilestaken in January …

Virginia Institute Of Marine Science 2011 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report, Green Team, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Justin Birchler, Matt Freedman, Cassie Glaspie, Katie May Laumann, Gar Secrist

Reports

During the spring of 2011, members of the VIMS Green Team, with support from the College of William and Mary’s Committee on Sustainability, collected data on resource use at the VIMS Gloucester Point campus in order to monitor our greenhouse gas emissions and develop methods for reducing our carbon footprint in the future. We processed these data using the Campus Carbon Calculator, a tool developed by Clean Air Cool Planet, a nonprofit organization. This program, used by over 1,200 colleges and universities, calculates the total greenhouse gas emissions of a campus using emissions factors developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on …

Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Situation And Outlook Report : Results Of The 2010 Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Crop Reporting Survey, Thomas J. Murray, Karen Hudson

Reports

Recent growth of the shellfish aquaculture industry in Virginia has added significant value to the state’s seafood marketplace. Today, watermen continue to harvest both hard clams and oysters from the state’s public resources, albeit at diminished rates. At the same time, Virginia’s watermen-farmers are providing growing quantities of additional quality shellfish to consumers. Following the lead of the hard clam industry, there has been a significant transition to intensive aquaculture of native oysters in recent years. The once extensive oyster planting has disappeared primarily as a result of endemic oyster diseases and increasing wildlife predation of seed oysters. In its …

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2010, Susanna Musick, Lewis Gillingham

Reports

Through 2010, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program has maintained a 16-year database of records for tagged and recaptured fish. The program is a cooperative project of the Virginia Saltwater Fishing Tournament (under the Virginia Marine Resources Commission-VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) of the College of William and Mary (under the VIMS Marine Advisory Program).

Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad In Virginia Rivers 2010 Annual Report, Eric J. Hilton, Rob Latour, Brian Watkins, Ashleigh Magee

Reports

Concern about the decline in landings of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Atlantic coast prompted the development of an interstate fisheries management plan (FMP) under the auspices of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Program (ASMFC 1999). Legislation enables imposition of federal sanctions on fishing in those states that fail to comply with the FMP. To be in compliance, coastal states are required to implement and maintain fishery-dependent and fishery-independent monitoring programs as specified by the FMP. For Virginia, these requirements include spawning stock assessments, the collection of biological data on the spawning run (e.g., age-structure, sex ratio, and …

Comprehensive Wetland Program Plan Commonwealth Of Virginia 2011 -2015, Virginia Department Of Environmental Quality, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.

Marine Corps Base, Quantico Shoreline Protection Plan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

One goal of this management plan is to provide more habitat-friendly management strategies which utilize the creation of marshes and beaches for shore protection rather than hardening the coast. Many of these strategies have been implemented around the Bay. These approaches include creating a marsh fringe by direct planting of the existing substrate, adding sand, and adding sand with stone sills. On more open coasts, breakwaters and beach fills can be built to achieve a stable sandy habitat of beaches and dunes. These “Living Shoreline” strategies can, if properly designed and constructed, provide shore protection as well as create a …

Estimating Relative Abundance Of Young-Of-Year American Eel, Anguilla Rostrata, In The Virginia Tributaries Of Chesapeake Bay (Spring 2010), Troy D. Tuckey, Mary C. Fabrizio

Reports

The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) adopted the Interstate Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the American eel in November 1999. The FMP focuses on increasing coastal states’ efforts to collect American eel data through both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent studies. Consequently, member jurisdictions agreed to implement an annual survey for young-of-year (YOY) American eels. The survey is intended to “…characterize trends in annual recruitment of the YOY eels over time [to produce a] qualitative appraisal of the annual recruitment of American eel to the U.S. Atlantic Coast” (ASMFC 2000). The development of these surveys began in 2000 with full implementation …

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Hampton, Virginia Chesapeake Bay, Back River, And Hampton River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox

Reports

The City of Hampton has about 95 miles of tidal shoreline along Chesapeake Bay, Hampton Roads, Back River, and Hampton River (Figure 1). Through time, the City’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of City of Hampton has evolved since 1937. …

Strengthening Virginia’S Wetlands Management Programs, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Molly Mitchell, Marcia Berman, Harry Berquist, Julie Bradshaw, Karen Duhring, Sharon Killeen, Carl Hershner

Reports

No abstract provided.

Center For Coastal Resources Management Annual Report 2010, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Reports

No abstract provided.

Shirley Plantation Sediment Coring Study : Final Report, S. Kuehl, C. Hobbs

Reports

The old wharf on the James River at Shirley Plantation is a site of historical and archaeological interest. According to sources at Shirley Plantation, there are numerous studies of colonial-age wharves associated with towns, but there are none of wharves that were constructed primarily to serve an individual plantation. The wharf at Shirley Plantation is such a structure. Shirley Plantation is working with marine archaeologists from East Carolina University to assess the archaeology of the pier. In order to enhance the understanding of the wharf, it would be beneficial both to better visualize the condition of the river bottom in …