# Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™

Articles 1 - 30 of 7272

## Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Dec 2018

#### Side Chain Modifications To Improve Peptide Structure–Activity Relations, Neelam Lahankar

##### Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

While natural peptides, are ideal starting points for peptide-based drug design and development, they suffer from high conformational instability, which results in susceptibility to proteolytic degradation and poor bioavailability. Peptidomimetics in recent years has helped circumvent these shortcomings by improving the pharmacological properties of polypeptides. Peptidomimetics contain essential elements (pharmacophores) that mimic a natural peptide or protein in 3D space and retain the ability to interact with the biological target producing the same biological effect. In contrast, they offer conformationally restricted structures, potentially minimizing cross-target interactions, which leads to better transport properties through biologic membranes and resistance to immune responses ...

#### Theoretical Studies Of Ultrafast Electron Dynamics In Atoms And Molecules Via High-Order Harmonic Generation, Paul Abanador

The interaction of atoms and molecules with strong laser pulses is of fundamental interest in physics and chemistry. Notably, the process known as high-order harmonic generation (HHG) refers to the production of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) light, which occurs when an ensemble of atoms or molecules is subjected to a strong infrared laser field. Characterized by an attosecond time scale (1 as = 10^-18 s), the HHG process provides the capability for experimental measurements to capture the ultrafast motion of electrons in these target atoms and molecules. The underlying physical mechanism behind this process naturally leaves imprints in the properties of the ...

Inequality, Rubber, And Thermodynamics In Indonesia, Ernest M. Oleksy Dec 2018

#### Inequality, Rubber, And Thermodynamics In Indonesia, Ernest M. Oleksy

##### The Downtown Review

Intersectionality has led the charge in ensuring that workplace justice is assured to all people, irrespective of their identities. While intersectionality is a useful theory for explaining inequality, what must not be understated is the contributions that postcolonialism and the blue-collar working identity can have on harsh working conditions. Particularly, miners in Indonesia have had to work in very hostile environments where they are at-risk for sulfur poisoning as they mine for materials to vulcanize rubber. This article serves two purposes. The first is to call attention to how place can help explain the differential experiences of miners in the ...

The Chemical Causes And Social Effects Of Acid Rain, Ernest M. Oleksy Dec 2018

#### The Chemical Causes And Social Effects Of Acid Rain, Ernest M. Oleksy

##### The Downtown Review

While global warming tends to dominate the collective conscious for environmentalism of academics and the public alike, many other physical phenomena bear serious implications for humanity's future. One such phenomenon, acid rain, has been under-reported considering how damaging it is to the ecosystem and how much politicking is involved when determining how to address it. This article serves two purposes. The first is to inform readers of the basic chemical processes underlying acid rain and why it is damaging to organisms. The second is to inform readers of how acid rain has been portrayed by other publications, like the ...

Dec 2018

#### The Theory Of Relativity And Applications: A Simple Introduction, Ellen Rea

##### The Downtown Review

This paper will provide a brief overview of the theory of relativity by looking at its two parts: special relativity and general relativity. It will omit most of the complex mathematics involved in order to focus on providing a more conceptual understanding. However, some simplified equations will be introduced to illustrate various aspects of the theory. Some of the experiments and scientific observations that support the theory as well as some of the scientific advances that emerged from the theory will also be discussed. Following the overview of the theory of relativity will be some of its applications in past ...

An Examination Of The Death Penalty, Alexandra N. Kremer Dec 2018

#### An Examination Of The Death Penalty, Alexandra N. Kremer

##### The Downtown Review

The death penalty, or capital punishment, is the use of execution through hanging, beheading, drowning, gas chambers, lethal injection, and electrocution among others in response to a crime. This has spurred much debate on whether it should be used for reasons such as ethics, revenge, economics, effectiveness as a deterrent, and constitutionality. Capital punishment has roots that date back to the 18th century B.C., but, as of 2016, has been abolished in law or practice by more than two thirds of the world’s countries and several states within the United States. Here, the arguments for and against ...

Dec 2018

#### Variations On A Theme: Using Amino Acid Sequences To Generate Music, Aaron Kosmatin

##### Master's Projects

In this project, we explore using a musical space to represent the properties of amino acids. We consider previous mappings and explore the limitations of these mappings. In this exploration, we will propose a new method of mapping into musical spaces that extends the properties that can be represented. For this work, we will use amino acid sequences as our example mapping. The amino acid properties we will use include mass, charge, structure, and hydrophobicity. Finally, we will show how the different musical properties can be compared for similarity.

Dec 2018

#### Intra-Exchange Cryptocurrency Arbitrage Bot, Eric Han

##### Master's Projects

Cryptocurrencies are defined as a digital currency in which encryption techniques are utilized to regulate generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, independent of a central governing body such as a bank. Due to the large number of cryptocurrencies currently available, there inherently exists many price discrepancies due to market inefficiencies. Market inefficiencies occur when the price of assets do not reflect their true value. In fact, these types of pricing discrepancies exist in other financial markets, including fiat currency exchanges and stock exchanges. However, these discrepancies are more significant in the cryptocurrency domain due to ...

Dec 2018

##### Master's Projects

Blockchain has been widely adopted in the last few years even though it is in its infancy. The first well-known application built on blockchain technology was Bitcoin, which is a decentralized and distributed ledger to record crypto-currency transactions. All of the transactions in Bitcoin are anonymously transferred and validated by participants in the network. Bitcoin protocol and its operations are so reliable that technologists have been inspired to enhance blockchain technologies and deploy it outside of the crypto-currency world. The demand for private and non-crypto-currency solutions have surged among consortiums because of the security and fault tolerant features of blockchain ...

#### Jefferson Currents: Fall Volume 17, Issue 2, 2018

##### Jefferson Currents: The Energy Conservation Newsletter

Jefferson Currents: Fall Volume 17, Issue 2, 2018

#### Jefferson Currents: Spring Volume 17, Issue 1, 2018

##### Jefferson Currents: The Energy Conservation Newsletter

Jefferson Currents: Spring Volume 17, Issue 1, 2018

Ordering Cacti With Signless Laplacian Spread, Zhen Lin, Shu-Guang Guo Dec 2018

#### Ordering Cacti With Signless Laplacian Spread, Zhen Lin, Shu-Guang Guo

##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra

A cactus is a connected graph in which any two cycles have at most one vertex in common. The signless Laplacian spread of a graph is defined as the difference between the largest eigenvalue and the smallest eigenvalue of the associated signless Laplacian matrix. In this paper, all cacti of order n with signless Laplacian spread greater than or equal to n − 1/2 are determined.

Two Linear Preserver Problems On Graphs, Yanan Hu, Zhenhua Lyu Dec 2018

#### Two Linear Preserver Problems On Graphs, Yanan Hu, Zhenhua Lyu

##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra

Let n, t, k be integers such that 3 ≤ t,k ≤ n. Denote by G_n the set of graphs with vertex set {1,2,...,n}. In this paper, the complete linear transformations on G_n mapping K_t-free graphs to K_t-free graphs are characterized. The complete linear transformations on G_n mapping C_k-free graphs to C_k-free graphs are also characterized when n ≥ 6.

#### Funding Opportunities Specifically For Early Career Unh Investigators: Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math (Stem) – Federal Agencies -- 12.13.18, Lynnette Hentges

##### Early Career Investigators

This comprehensive list of funding opportunities for early career investigators offered by federal agencies that are appropriate for UNH researchers working in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and math provides information about program focus, eligibility requirements, funding amount and time period, as well as deadlines and links to program web sites and application instructions.

Opportunities available from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are listed separately.

Dec 2018

#### Paper: An Ecowomanist View On The Dakota Access Pipeline, Ariana Raya

##### Womanist Ethics

This paper examines the Dakota Access Pipeline using ecofeminist and ecowomanist philosophies, provides a brief historical background of African American and Native American communities, explains the dangers of the pipeline to the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, and offers constructive alternatives.

Dec 2018

#### Heat And Work, The First Law Of Thermodynamics From The Boltzmann Pov, Carl W. David

##### Chemistry Education Materials

The First Law of Thermodynamics is discussed in terms of the Boltzmann distribution.

Feasibility Of Peltier Chips As Thermoelectric Generators On Heatsinks, Matthew Choquette, Dillon Ranstrom Dec 2018

#### Feasibility Of Peltier Chips As Thermoelectric Generators On Heatsinks, Matthew Choquette, Dillon Ranstrom

##### Augsburg Honors Review

As the demand of computer processing grows, the burden placed on CPUs will increase as well. Computing systems produce heat, which is attracted to a metal heatsink where it is dissipated out of the system by a fan. Liquid cooling can be more effective, but is more expensive and increases the risk of damaging leaks. Peltier chips, electronic components which transfer heat into electricity, can be used in an effort to reclaim and reuse some of this waste heat. This experiment tested twelve heatsinks of various designs to maximize the effect of the Peltier chip. Variations in designs of the ...

My Experience Teaching General Chemistry To A Student Who Is Visually Impaired, Katherine M E Stewart Dec 2018

#### My Experience Teaching General Chemistry To A Student Who Is Visually Impaired, Katherine M E Stewart

##### Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities

This paper summarizes my experience with teaching a first-year, General Chemistry course to a visually impaired student. This includes accommodations and modifications for both the lecture material and the laboratory. Included are also examples of formats and syntax for txt-based quizzes, tests, and laboratory reports, as well as other general accommodations for both the student and the service dog.

Application Of Bradford’S Law Of Scattering On Research Publication In Astronomy & Astrophysics Of India, Satish Kumar, Senthilkumar R. Dec 2018

#### Application Of Bradford’S Law Of Scattering On Research Publication In Astronomy & Astrophysics Of India, Satish Kumar, Senthilkumar R.

##### Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present study is focused on examining the application of Bradford’s law of scattering on research articles published in the field of Astronomy & Astrophysics by Indian scientist during 1988-2017. The bibliographic data was retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) bibliographic data base for different period of time. Total 18,877 journal’s article have been published by Indian scientist in the field of Astronomy & Astrophysics during 1988-2017 which was further retrieved and analyzed separately for different blocks of 10 years as well as for 30 years consolidated too. The core journal of the field was identified. The Bradford law ...

Novel Dna Origami Based Lateral Flow Assay Development, Adrienne Walker Dec 2018

#### Novel Dna Origami Based Lateral Flow Assay Development, Adrienne Walker

Lateral flow assays (LFA) are used for point-of-care qualitative diagnostics of an analyte of interest, often in non-laboratory environments. Traditionally, the format of a lateral flow assay utilizes immobilized antibodies on a membrane as the capture probe in conjunction with a reporting immunological recognition system for an analyte captured between them in a sandwich format. However, there are several shortcomings of antibodies which recommend their replacement with other recognition elements if possible. Among the reasons for seeking alternatives are the long time required to raise and identify a selective and strongly binding antibody, the cost of antibodies, their poor shelf ...

Novel Dna Origami Based Lateral Flow Assay Development, Adrienne Walker Dec 2018

#### Novel Dna Origami Based Lateral Flow Assay Development, Adrienne Walker

Lateral flow assays (LFA) are used for point-of-care qualitative diagnostics of an analyte of interest, often in non-laboratory environments. Traditionally, the format of a lateral flow assay utilizes immobilized antibodies on a membrane as the capture probe in conjunction with a reporting immunological recognition system for an analyte captured between them in a sandwich format. However, there are several shortcomings of antibodies which recommend their replacement with other recognition elements if possible. Among the reasons for seeking alternatives are the long time required to raise and identify a selective and strongly binding antibody, the cost of antibodies, their poor shelf ...

Elaia 2018, Stephen Case Dec 2018

#### Elaia 2018, Stephen Case

##### ELAIA

Over the years, the Program has continued to grow and flourish, and the depth of its research continues to increase. This inaugural journal represents the fruits of that development, containing capstone research projects from the 2018 Honors Program senior class and their faculty mentors. The Table of Contents is diverse, and in that way it is a crystal clear reflection of our program’s community of scholars.

I, along with the members of the Honors Council, am gratified by the work of each student and faculty mentor printed within these pages. Congratulations, everyone!

- Stephen Lowe, Honors Program Director

A Proficient Two-Stage Stratified Randomized Response Strategy, Tanveer A. Tarray, Housila P. Singh Dec 2018

#### A Proficient Two-Stage Stratified Randomized Response Strategy, Tanveer A. Tarray, Housila P. Singh

##### Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A stratified randomized response model based on R. Singh, Singh, Mangat, and Tracy (1995) improved two-stage randomized response strategy is proposed. It has an optimal allocation and large gain in precision. Conditions are obtained under which the proposed model is more efficient than R. Singh et al. (1995) and H. P. Singh and Tarray (2015) models. Numerical illustrations are also given in support of the present study.

Dec 2018

#### Discontinuity Propagation In Delay Differential-Algebraic Equations, Benjamin Unger

##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra

The propagation of primary discontinuities in initial value problems for linear delay differential-algebraic equations (DDAEs) is discussed. Based on the (quasi-) Weierstra{\ss} form for regular matrix pencils, a complete characterization of the different propagation types is given and algebraic criteria in terms of the matrices are developed. The analysis, which is based on the method of steps, takes into account all possible inhomogeneities and history functions and thus serves as a worst-case scenario. Moreover, it reveals possible hidden delays in the DDAE and allows to study exponential stability of the DDAE based on the spectral abscissa. The new classification ...

Dec 2018

#### Asymptotic Results On The Condition Number Of Fd Matrices Approximating Semi-Elliptic Pdes, Paris Vassalos

##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra

This work studies the asymptotic behavior of the spectral condition number of the matrices $A_{nn}$ arising from the discretization of semi-elliptic partial differential equations of the form \bdm -\left( a(x,y)u_{xx}+b(x,y)u_{yy}\right)=f(x,y), \edm on the square $\Omega=(0,1)^2,$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions, where the smooth enough variable coefficients $a(x,y), b(x,y)$ are nonnegative functions on $\overline{\Omega}$ with zeros. In the case of coefficient functions with a single and common zero, it is discovered that apart from the minimum order of the zero ...

#### Late Quaternary Evolution And Stratigraphic Framework Influence On Coastal Systems Along The North-Central Gulf Of Mexico, Usa, Robert Hollis

##### Master's Theses

Coastal systems in the Gulf of Mexico are threatened to reduced sediment supply, storm impacts and relative sea level rise (RSLR). The geologic record can provide insights of geomorphic threshold crossings (formation, progradation, transgression, destruction) to these forcing mechanisms to predict future barrier evolution to climate change. The stratigraphic framework and antecedent topography directly influence coastal evolution over geologic timescales. This study synthesizes ~2100km of geophysical data, 700+ sediment cores, and 63 radiocarbon dates to regionally map two sequence boundaries, multiple ravinement surfaces and fourteen depositional facies. One marine isotope stage (MIS) 6 valley’s fill provided up to 300 ...

Nonlinear Optical Characterization Of Solids, Alex Farnsworth Dec 2018

#### Nonlinear Optical Characterization Of Solids, Alex Farnsworth

Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation (VSFG) and the similar Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) are both classified as nonlinear optical phenomena, with the hallmark trait being that the input and output frequencies are different. Both of these systems are remarkable tools due to their surface specific nature. Still, there is much that is not known about the response from these systems, especially the nonresonant SFG response. We have worked to better understand SFG signal, specifically the nonresonant temporal profile. We have also collected results that call into question some underlying assumptions about time-based suppression methods when working with single crystal substrates.

As ...

Dynamical Electron Vortices In Attosecond Double Photoionization Of H2, Jean Marcel Ngoko Djiokap, A. V. Meremianin, N. L. Manakov, L. B. Madsen, S. X. Hu, Anthony F. Starace Dec 2018

#### Dynamical Electron Vortices In Attosecond Double Photoionization Of H2, Jean Marcel Ngoko Djiokap, A. V. Meremianin, N. L. Manakov, L. B. Madsen, S. X. Hu, Anthony F. Starace

##### Anthony F. Starace Publications

We study electron momentum vortices in single-photon double ionization of H2 by time-delayed, counterrotating, elliptically polarized attosecond pulses propagating along either parallel or perpendicular to the molecular axis R. For kˆ | R, kinematical vortices occur similar to those found for He. For R, we find dynamical vortex structures originating from an ellipticity-dependent interplay of 1+u and 1+u continuum amplitudes. We propose a complete experiment to determine the magnitudes and relative phase of these amplitudes by varying pulse ellipticities and time delays.

#### Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Phosphate Glass Matrix Nanocomposites With Additional Chapter On Phosphate Glass-Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Matrix Composites, Kyoungtae Kim

##### Dissertations

Preparation and characterization of tin fluorophosphate glass (Pglass) matrix nanocomposites incorporating polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were investigated on the structural, thermal, morphological, mechanical, and rheological properties. Various processes including synthesis, extrusion and sintering processes were applied to prepare the nanocomposite samples. Another application of POSS with hydrophobic functional groups on the well-structured nanoscale silicate cage with three silanol groups was investigated to present the feasibility to use POSS molecule as a coating material on the surface of the hydrophilic inorganic glass. In addition, Poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer matrix composites incorporating Pglass was studied to present the benefits of the Pglass ...

The Firece Green Fire: Vol. 9 Issue 13, Wofford College Environmental Studies Program Dec 2018

#### The Firece Green Fire: Vol. 9 Issue 13, Wofford College Environmental Studies Program

##### The Fierce Green Fire

No abstract provided.