Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Effect Of Rare Variants In Trem2 And Pld3 On Longitudinal Cognitive Function In The Wisconsin Registry For Alzheimer's Prevention, Corinne D. Engelman, Burcu F. Darst, Murat Bilgel, Eva Vasiljevic, Rebecca L. Koscik, Bruno M. Jedynak, Sterling C. Johnson

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recent studies have found an association between functional variants in TREM2 and PLD3 and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their effect on cognitive function is unknown. We examined the effect of these variants on cognitive function in 1449 participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, a longitudinal study of initially asymptomatic adults, aged 36–73 years at baseline, enriched for a parental history of AD. A comprehensive cognitive test battery was performed at up to 5 visits. A factor analysis resulted in 6 cognitive factors that were standardized into z scores (∼N [0, 1]); the mean of these z scores was …

Designing In-Headset Authoring Tools For Virtual Reality Video, Cuong Nguyen

Dissertations and Theses

Virtual Reality (VR) video is emerging as a new art form. Viewing VR video requires wearing the VR headset to fully experience the immersive surrounding of the content. However, the novel viewing experience of VR video creates new challenges and requirements for conventional video authoring tools, which were designed mainly for working with normal video on a desktop display. Designing effective authoring tools for VR video requires intuitive video interfaces specific to VR.

This dissertation develops new workflows and systems that enable filmmakers to create and improve VR video while fully immersed in a VR headset. We introduce a series …

Copper Nanowires Synthesis And Self-Assembly For Interconnect Applications, Srikar Rao Darmakkolla

Dissertations and Theses

One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterial self-assembly offers an excellent approach to the fabrication of highly complex nanodevices. Despite considerable effort and research, precisely controlling the orientation and positioning of nanowires (NWs) on a large-scale area and assembling into a functional device is still a state of the art problem. This thesis focuses on the dimensionally controlled copper nanowires (Cu NWs) synthesis, and magnetic field assisted self-assembly of cupronickel nanowires (Cu/Ni NWs) into interconnect structures on a carbon doped silicon dioxide (CDO) wafer.

CDO is a low dielectric constant (k) material used for copper interconnects in multilayered complex integrated circuits (ICs). …

Non-Native Mangroves (Rhizophora Mangle) Of Moloka'i, Hawai'i: A Socio-Ecological Analysis, Casey Lynette Lewis

Dissertations and Theses

The formation of novel ecosystems by non-native species poses management challenges that are both socially and ecologically complex. This complexity necessitates consideration of both ecological dynamics and social attitudes and perceptions. Red mangrove propagules were introduced to Moloka'i, Hawaii in 1902 to mitigate the effects of soil erosion and they have since spread along the coast and to adjacent islands creating novel habitat. Non-native mangroves in Hawai'i present a unique case study to examine diverse social attitudes and perceptions resulting from a long history of land cover transformations on the Hawaiian Islands, socio-cultural diversity of involved stakeholders, and the potential …

Investigation Of Aerosol Optical And Chemical Properties Using Humidity Controlled Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, Xijing Zhu

Dissertations and Theses

Scientists have been observing a change in the climate since the beginning of the 20^th century that cannot be attributed to any of the natural influences of the past. Natural and anthropogenic substances and processes perturb the Earth's energy budget, contributing to climate change. In particular, aerosols (particles suspended in air) have long been recognized to be important in processes throughout the atmosphere that affect climate. They directly influence the radiative balance of the Earth's atmosphere, affect cloud formation and properties, and are also key air pollutants that contribute to a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Despite their …

Classification Of Minimal Separating Sets In Low Genus Surfaces, J. J. P. Veerman, William Maxwell, Victor Rielly, Austin K. Williams

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Consider a surface S and let M ⊂ S. If S \ M is not connected, then we say M separates S, and we refer to M as a separating set of S. If M separates S, and no proper subset of M separates S, then we say M is a minimal separating set of S. In this paper we use computational methods of combinatorial topology to classify the minimal separating sets of the orientable surfaces of genus g = 2 and g = 3. The classification for genus 0 and 1 was done …

Variational Geometric Approach To Generalized Differential And Conjugate Calculi In Convex Analysis, Boris S. Mordukhovich, Nguyen Mau Nam, R. Blake Rector, T. Tran

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper develops a geometric approach of variational analysis for the case of convex objects considered in locally convex topological spaces and also in Banach space settings. Besides deriving in this way new results of convex calculus, we present an overview of some known achievements with their unified and simplified proofs based on the developed geometric variational schemes. Key words. Convex and variational analysis, Fenchel conjugates, normals and subgradients, coderivatives, convex calculus, optimal value functions.

Confined Photonic Mode Propagation Observed In Photoemission Electron Microscopy, Theodore Stenmark, Robert Campbell Word, Rolf Konenkamp

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) we present a comparative analysis of the wavelength dependence of propagating fields in a simple optical slab waveguide and a thin film photonic crystal W1-type waveguide. We utilize an interferometric imaging approach for light in the near-ultraviolet regime where a 2-photon process is required to produce photoelectron emission. The typical spatial resolution in these experiments is < 30 nm. Electromagnetic theory and finite element simulations are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. Our results indicate that multiphoton PEEM is a useful sub-wavelength characterization technique in thin film optics.

Managing Herbicide Resistance: Listening To The Perspectives Of The Practitioners, Jill Schroeder, David Shaw, Michael Barrett, Harold Coble, Amy Asmus, Raymond Jussaume, David E. Ervin

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Multiple Methods Of Public Engagement: Disaggregating Socio-Spatial Data For Environmental Planning In Western Washington, Usa, Rebecca J. Mclain, David Banis, Alexa Todd, Lee Cerveny

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• The effectiveness of participatory GIS approaches at engaging different publics was explored.

• Online surveys engaged urbanites; community workshops engaged rural residents.

• Urban and rural residents went to similar places but engaged in different activities.

• Use of multiple data collection methods will broaden public engagement.

• Mapping behavior studies are needed to improve understandings of PPGIS data quality.

Two-Photon Excitation, Fluorescence Microscopy, And Quantitative Measurement Of Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections, Fredrick Michael Dearmond

Dissertations and Theses

As optical microscopy techniques continue to improve, most notably the development of super-resolution optical microscopy which garnered the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014, renewed emphasis has been placed on the development and use of fluorescence microscopy techniques. Of particular note is a renewed interest in multiphoton excitation due to a number of inherent properties of the technique including simplified optical filtering, increased sample penetration, and inherently confocal operation. With this renewed interest in multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, comes an increased demand for robust non-linear fluorescent markers, and characterization of the associated tool set.

These factors have led to an experimental …

Multi-Dimensional Drought Risk Assessment Based On Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities And Hydro-Climatological Factors, Ali Ahmadalipour

Dissertations and Theses

Drought is among the costliest natural hazards developing slowly and affecting large areas, which imposes severe consequences on society and economy. Anthropogenic climate change is expected to exacerbate drought in various regions of the globe, making its associated socioeconomic impacts more severe. Such impacts are of higher concern in Africa, which is mainly characterized by arid climate and lacking infrastructure as well as social development. Furthermore, the continent is expected to experience vast population growth, which will make it more vulnerable to the adverse effects of drought. This study provides the first comprehensive multi-dimensional assessment of drought risk across the …

Analysis Of The Acid-Base Balance Of Mainstream Tobacco Smoke And Its Effect On The Gas/Particle Partitioning Of Nicotine, Amy Kathleen Devita-Mcbride

Dissertations and Theses

Tobacco smoke particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of condensed organic compounds, with about 5 to 10% water. Its general properties are similar in some respects to that of atmospheric organic aerosol PM and thus provides a useful surrogate when studying atmospheric PM. Due to its ability to undergo acid-base chemistry, nicotine is of particular interest in the tobacco smoke system. The gas/particle partitioning of nicotine depends on the protonation state of nicotine in the particles, so the distribution of nicotine between these phases provides a means of understanding the acid-base balance in the tobacco smoke system. The goal …

Assessing The Impact Of Land Use And Travel On Carbon Dioxide Emissions In Portland, Oregon, Zakari Mumuni

Dissertations and Theses

The negative consequences of sprawling metropolitan regions have attracted attention in both academia and in practice regarding how to better design settlements and alter travel behavior in a quest to curtail vehicle emissions. Studies that have attempted to understand the nexus between land use, travel and vehicle emissions have not been able to address the issue of self-selection in a satisfactory manner. Self-selection occurs when households choose their residential location based, in part, on expected travel behavior. This non-random experience makes the use of traditional regression frameworks that strongly rely on random sampling, unsuitable. This replication study's purpose was to …

Entropy Production And Volume Contraction In Thermostated Hamiltonian Dynamics, John D. Ramshaw

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Patra et al. [Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos 26, 1650089 (2016)] recently showed that the time-averaged rates of entropy production and phase-space volume contraction are equal for several different molecular dynamics methods used to simulate nonequilibrium steady states in Hamiltonian systems with thermostated temperature gradients. This equality is a plausible statistical analog of the second law of thermodynamics. Here we show that those two rates are identically equal in a wide class of methods in which the thermostat variables z are determined by ordinary differential equations of motion (i.e., methods of the Nosé-Hoover or integral feedback control type). This …

Mixing Times Of Organic Molecules Within Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles: A Global Planetary Boundary Layer Perspective, Adrian M. Maclean, Christopher L. Butenhoff, James W. Grayson, Kelley Barsanti, Jose L. Jimenez, Allan K. Bertram

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

When simulating the formation and life cycle of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) with chemical transport models, it is often assumed that organic molecules are well mixed within SOA particles on the timescale of 1 h. While this assumption has been debated vigorously in the literature, the issue remains unresolved in part due to a lack of information on the mixing times within SOA particles as a function of both temperature and relative humidity. Using laboratory data, meteorological fields, and a chemical transport model, we estimated how often mixing times are < 1 h within SOA in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the region of the atmosphere where SOA concentrations are on average the highest. First, a parameterization for viscosity as a function of temperature and RH was developed for α-pinene SOA using room-temperature and low-temperature viscosity data for α-pinene SOA generated in the laboratory using mass concentrations of ∼ 1000 µg m−3. Based on this parameterization, the mixing times within α-pinene SOA are < 1 h for 98.5 % and 99.9 % of the occurrences in the PBL during January and July, respectively, when concentrations are significant (total organic aerosol concentrations are > 0.5 µg m−3 at the surface). Next, as a starting …

Deconstruction In Portland: Summary Of Activity, Emma Willingham, Peter Hulseman, Mike Paruszkiewicz

Northwest Economic Research Center Publications and Reports

On October 31st, 2016, the City of Portland instituted an ordinance requiring the deconstruction of all residential homes and duplexes built prior to 1917 or possessing a historical designation. Deconstruction is a relatively new industry, and with this local regulatory encouragement, several new contractors became certified to participate in the expanded market. This report provides background on the industry, largely from the 2016 report researched and written by the Northwest Economic Research Center (NERC) in anticipation of the requirement, and an examination of what has occurred in the year following the ordinance’s passage, using deconstruction and demolition permit data and …

Northwest Forest Plan The First 20 Years (1994-2013): Watershed Condition Status And Trend, Stephanie A. Miller, Sean N. Gordon, Peter Eldred, Ronald M. Beloin, Steve Wilcox, Mark Raggon, Heidi Andersen, Ariel Muldoon

Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations

We used two data sets to evaluate stream and upslope/riparian condition for sixth-field watersheds in each aquatic province within the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) area. The stream evaluation was based on stream sampling data collected from 2002 to the 2013 (214 watersheds) as part of an eight year repeating (rotating) sample design. We are currently halfway through our second rotation of stream sampling, and have repeated 110 watersheds since the second rotation began in 2009. The analysis presented in this report uses roughly half the number of watersheds as was originally intended by the sample design since re-visitation will not …

Building Planner Commitment: Are California’S Sb 375 And Oregon’S Sb 1059 Models For Climate-Change Mitigation?, Keith Bartholomew, David Proffitt

TREC Final Reports

California’s Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act (SB 375) and the Oregon Sustainable Transportation Initiative (SB 1059) have made them the first states in the nation to try and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using the transportation-planning process. Evaluating how these pioneering laws have changed local planning processes – as well as plans themselves – in each state provides insight into the laws’ effectiveness at changing development patterns in a way that reduces GHG emissions, without waiting decades to see the effects in the built environment. Both states’ laws require metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and the municipalities that comprise them …

Using The Planning Process To Mitigate Climate Change, Keith Bartholomew

TREC Project Briefs

This research evaluates how Oregon’s SB 1059 and California’s SB 375 have integrated climate change mitigation strategies into local planning processes, and seeks to understand how transportation planning can help slow climate change.

Accessing Blue Spaces: Social And Geographic Factors Structuring Familiarity With, Use Of, And Appreciation Of Urban Waterways, Melissa Haeffner, Douglas Jackson-Smith, Martin Buchert, Jordan Risley

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Are urban waterways amenities, and if so, are there inequities in household access? While urban waterways represent a potential site for access to nature within the urban environment, there have been few studies on the accessibility and interactions with water features in particular, what we refer to as “blue spaces." This study drew on a sample of households in Northern Utah living in neighborhoods with a nearby river or canal to ask if local waterways provide positive impacts to households and if proximity to them increased the likelihood of households spending time at them and being familiar with them. We …

Ion Transport Across Biological Membranes By Carborane-Capped Gold Nanoparticles, Marcin P. Grzelczak, Stephen P. Danks, Robert C. Klipp, Domagoj Belic, Adnana Zaulet, Casper Kunstmann-Olsen, Dan F. Bradley, Tatsuya Tsukuda, Clara ViñAs, Francesc Teixidor, Jonathan J. Abramson, Mathias Brust

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Carborane-capped gold nanoparticles (Au/carborane NPs, 2–3 nm) can act as artificial ion transporters across biological membranes. The particles themselves are large hydrophobic anions that have the ability to disperse in aqueous media and to partition over both sides of a phospholipid bilayer membrane. Their presence therefore causes a membrane potential that is determined by the relative concentrations of particles on each side of the membrane according to the Nernst equation. The particles tend to adsorb to both sides of the membrane and can flip across if changes in membrane potential require their repartitioning. Such changes can be made either with …

On The Temporal Effects Of Mobile Blockers In Urban Millimeter-Wave Cellular Scenarios, Margarita Gapeyenko, Mikhail Gerasimenko, Andrey Samuylov, Dmitri Moltchanov, Sarabjot Singh, Mustafa Riza Akdeniz, Ehsan Aryafar, Nageen Himayat, Sergey Andreev, Yevgeni Koucheryavy

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) propagation is known to be severely affected by the blockage of the line-of-sight (LoS) path. In contrast to microwave systems, at shorter mmWave wavelengths such blockage can be caused by human bodies, where their mobility within environment makes wireless channel alternate between the blocked and non-blocked LoS states. Following the recent 3GPP requirements on modeling the dynamic blockage as well as the temporal consistency of the channel at mmWave frequencies, in this paper a new model for predicting the state of a user in the presence of mobile blockers for representative 3GPP scenarios is developed: urban micro cell …

An Analysis Of The Optimal Mix Of Global Energy Resources And The Potential Need For Geoengineering Using The Ceagom Model, John George Anasis, M. A. K. Khalil, George G. Lendaris, Christopher L. Butenhoff, Randall Bluffstone

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Humanity faces tremendous challenges as a result of anthropogenic climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The mix of resources deployed in order to meet the energy needs of a growing global population is key to addressing the climate change issue. The goal of this research is to examine the optimal mix of energy resources that should be deployed to meet a forecast global energy demand while still meeting desired climate targets. The research includes the unique feature of examining the role that geoengineering can play in this optimization. The results show that some form of geoengineering is likely to …

Investigating Statistics Teachers' Knowledge Of Probability In The Context Of Hypothesis Testing, Jason Mark Asis Dolor

Dissertations and Theses

In the last three decades, there has been a significant growth in the number of undergraduate students taking introductory statistics. As a result, there is a need by universities and community colleges to find well-qualified instructors and graduate teaching assistants to teach the growing number of statistics courses. Unfortunately, research has shown that even teachers of introductory statistics struggle with concepts they are employed to teach. The data presented in this research sheds light on the statistical knowledge of graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) and community college instructors (CCIs) in the realm of probability by analyzing their work on surveys and …

Hydrological Patterns And The Effects Of Land Use On Tss Concentrations And Yields In The Mccarthy Creek Watershed, Portland, Oregon, David Farmer

Environmental Science and Management Professional Master's Project Reports

The spread of impervious surface areas and the reduction of tree canopy via urbanization has numerous water quality impacts on Pacific Northwest watersheds. One such impact is elevated levels of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in run-off during storm events, particularly in steep, forested watersheds undergoing urbanization. This project was developed in collaboration with the West Multnomah Soil and Water Conservation District and focused on the McCarthy Creek Watershed, as a case-study watershed located in Portland, OR. The study aimed to identify elevated TSS concentrations and yields during storm events on both mainstem and tributary sampling locations, establish the relationship between …

Johnson Creek Bacteria Tmdl Implementation: Status And Trend Analysis Study, John Gala

Environmental Science and Management Professional Master's Project Reports

Like many other waterbodies in the United States, Johnson Creek, a tributary of the Lower Willamette River is water quality limited for bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a member of the fecal coliform bacteria group, has been found to have a high association with human pathogens and the occurrences of gastrointestinal illnesses in waters used for contact recreation; E. coli is commonly used as an indicator of fecal contamination. In the State of Oregon water contact recreational standards for fecal exposure is assessed by measuring in stream levels of E. coli. Because Johnson Creek is water quality …

Data Envelopment Analysis Using Glpkapi In R, Konrad Miziolek, Jordan Beary, Shreyas Vasanth, Surekha Chanamolu, Rudraxi Mitra

Engineering and Technology Management Student Projects

The work done here is primarily a wrapper function written to separate some of the more difficult-to-use glpkAPI functionality from the end-user. The user, when prompted, selects the appropriate configuration of the .mod file to the task (for example, output-oriented CRS), and the data file, as a .dat. The function then loads the required glpkAPI library, and carries forward the model. It allocates the problem and workspace, reads the model file and data file the user selects, builds the problem, and solves it. The function returns primal values, and, if dual = TRUE is selected, also returns dual weights.

Elution Tailing Of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids In Porous Media, Louisa Orr

Civil and Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

A variety of porous media were studied to characterize contaminant dispersion over time. This work looked at a compilation of previously published studies to investigate the dependence of long term elution tailing trends on particular soil characteristics. Recession curve analysis was conducted on existing dispersed contaminant literature, to yield the low-concentration recession constant (K). The R² values correlating the soil properties to contaminant concentration ranged from 0.12494 to 0.95429. The low-concentration recession constant (K) values ranged from 0.9745407 0.9999988. The relationship between K and the soil properties porosity, organic carbon, and fines fraction is increasing. Bulk density and the …

Forest Collaborative Meeting Agenda, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Environment For Development (Efd) Initiative

Forest Collaborative Research

Agenda for the Environment for Development (EfD) Initiative Annual Meeting on 27-30 October 2017 at Capital Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.