Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Exclusive 𝝅⁻ Electroproduction Off The Neutron In Deuterium In The Resonance Region, Y. Tian, R. W. Gothe, V. I. Mokeev, G. Hollis, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. Biselli, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondì, J. Zhang, Et Al., The Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

New results for the exclusive and quasifree cross sections off neutrons bound in deuterium 𝛾_vn(p) → pπ− (p) are presented over a wide final state hadron angle range with a kinematic coverage of the invariant mass (W) up to 1.825 GeV and the four-momentum transfer squared (Q²) from 0.4 to 1.0 GeV². The exclusive structure functions were extracted and their Legendre moments were obtained. Final-state-interaction contributions have been kinematically separated from the extracted quasifree cross sections off bound neutrons solely based on the analysis of the experimental data. These new results will serve as …

First Measurement Of The Emc Effect In ¹⁰B And ¹¹B, A. Karki, D. Biswas, F. A. Gonzalez, W. Henry, C. Morean, A. Nadeeshani, A. Sun, D. Abrams, Z. Ahmed, B. Aljawrneh, S. Alsalmi, R. Ambrose, D. Androic, W. Armstrong, J. Arrington, D. Asaturyan, K. Assumin-Gyimah, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, A. Bandari, J. Zhang, Et Al., Hall C. Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

The nuclear dependence of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross section (the EMC effect) has been measured for the first time in ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Previous measurements of the EMC effect in A ≤ 12 nuclei showed an unexpected nuclear dependence; 10^B and 11^B were measured to explore the EMC effect in this region in more detail. Results are presented for ⁹Be, ¹⁰B, ¹¹B, and ¹²C at an incident beam energy of 10.6 GeV. The EMC effect in the boron isotopes was found to be similar to …

Observation Of Large Missing-Momentum (E, E' P) Cross-Section Scaling And The Onset Of Correlated-Pair Dominance In Nuclei, I. Korover, A. W. Denniston, A. Kiral, A. Schmidt, A. Lovato, N. Rocco, A. Nikolakopoulos, L. B. Weinstein, E. Piasetzky, O. Hen, M. J. Amaryan, Giovanni Angelini, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, Fatiha Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, Z. W. Zhao, Et Al., Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We report the measurement of 𝒙_B scaling in (e,e′p) cross-section ratios off nuclei relative to deuterium at large missing momentum of 350 ≤ _Pmiss ≤ 600 MeV/c. The observed scaling extends over a kinematic range of 0.7 ≤ 𝒙_B ≤ 1.8, which is significantly wider than 1.4 ≤ 𝒙_B ≤ 1.8 previously observed for inclusive (e,e′) cross-section ratios. The 𝒙_B-integrated cross-section ratios become constant (i.e., scale) beginning at p_miss ≈ kF, the nuclear Fermi momentum. Comparing with theoretical calculations we find good agreement with generalized contact formalism calculations for high missing …

Measuring Recoiling Nucleons From The Nucleus With The Future Electron Ion Collider, Florian Hauenstein, A. Jentsch, J. R. Pybus, A. Kiral, M. D. Baker, Y. Furletova, O. Hen, D. W. Higinbotham, Charles Hyde, V. Morozov, D. Romanov, Lawrence B. Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

Short range correlated nucleon-nucleon (NN) pairs are an important part of the nuclear ground state. They are typically studied by scattering an electron from one nucleon in the pair and detecting its spectator correlated partner (“spectator-nucleon tagging”). The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) should be able to detect these nucleons, since they are boosted to high momentum in the laboratory frame by the momentum of the ion beam. To determine the feasibility of these studies with the planned EIC detector configuration, we have simulated quasielastic scattering for two electron and ion beam energy configurations: 5 GeV e− and 41 …

Determination Of The Argon Spectral Function From (E, E'P) Data, Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, L. Jiang, A.M. Ankowski, D. Abrams, Florian Hauenstein, Charles Hyde, S. Wood, Z. Ye, J. Zhang, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

The E12-14-012 experiment, performed in Jefferson Lab Hall A, has measured the (e,e′p) cross section in parallel kinematics using a natural argon target. Here, we report the full results of the analysis of the data set corresponding to beam energy 2.222 GeV, and spanning the missing momentum and missing energy range 15 ≲ pm ≲ 300  MeV /c and 12 ≲ Em ≲ 80  MeV. The reduced cross section, determined as a function of p_m and E_m with ≈ 4% accuracy, has been fitted using the results of Monte Carlo simulations involving a model spectral function and …

Polarized Structure Function ΣLt' From 𝜋⁰P Electroproduction Data In The Resonance Region At 0.2 Gev² < Q² < 1.0 Gev², E. L. Isupov, V. D. Burkert, A. A. Golubenko, K. Joo, N. S. Markov, V. I. Mokeev, L. C. Smith, N. Zachariou, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, Et Al

Physics Faculty Publications

The first results on the σ_LT′ structure function in exclusive π⁰p electroproduction at invariant masses of the final state of 1.5GeV < W < 1.8 GeV and in the range of photon virtualities 0.4 GeV² < Q² < 1.0 GeV² were obtained from data on beam spin asymmetries and differential cross sections measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The Legendre moments determined from the σ_LT′ structure function have demonstrated sensitivity to the contributions from the nucleon resonances in the second and third resonance regions. These new data on the beam spin asymmetries in π⁰p electroproduction extend the opportunities for the extraction of the nucleon resonance electro-excitation amplitudes in …

Measurement Of The Nucleon FN₂/FP₂ Structure Function Ratio By The Jefferson Lab Marathon Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment, D. Abrams, H. Albataineh, B. S. Aljawrneh, S. Alsalmi, D. Androic, K. Aniol, W. Armstrong, J. Arrington, H. Atac, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, J. Bane, J. Barcus, A. Beck, V. Bellini, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, D. Blyth, W. Boeglin, D. Bulumulla, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

The ratio of the nucleon F₂ structure functions, Fⁿ₂/F^p₂, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from ³H and ³He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken …

Neutrino Energy Reconstruction From Semi-Inclusive Samples, R. González-Jiménez, M. B. Barbaro, J. A. Caballero, T. W. Donnelly, N. Jachowicz, G.D. Megias, K. Niewczas, A. Nikolakopoulos, J.W. Van Orden, J. M. Udías

Physics Faculty Publications

We study neutrino-nucleus charged-current reactions on finite nuclei for the situation in which an outgoing muon and a proton are detected in coincidence; i.e., we focus on semi-inclusive cross sections. We limit our attention to one-body current interactions (quasielastic scattering) and assess the impact of different nuclear effects in the determination of the neutrino energy. We identify the regions in phase space where the neutrino energy can be reconstructed relatively well and study whether the cross section in those regions is significant. Our results indicate that it is possible to filter more than 50% of all events according to the …

New Measurements Of The Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry In Elastic Electron Scattering Over A Range Of Spin-0 Nuclei, Prex And Crex Collaborations, D. Adhikari, H. Albataineh, D. Androic, F. Hauenstein, M.N.H. Rashad, W. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Zheng, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We report precision determinations of the beam-normal single spin asymmetries (A_n) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18 GeV electrons off ¹²C, ⁴⁰Ca, ⁴⁸Ca, and ²⁰⁸Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of A_n for ⁴⁰Ca and ⁴⁸Ca are found to be similar to that of ¹²C, consistent with expectations and thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z ≤ 20. We also report A_n for ²⁰⁸Pb at two …

Reply To "Comment On 'Quasielastic Lepton Scattering And B=Back-To-Back Nucleons In The Short-Time Approximation' ", S. Pastore, J. Carlson, Rocco Schiavilla, J. L. Barrow, S. Gandolfi, R. B. Wiringa

Physics Faculty Publications

We briefly review the concept of scaling and how it occurs in quasielastic electron and neutrino scattering from nuclei, and then the particular approach to scaling in the short-time approximation. We show that, whereas two-nucleon currents do significantly enhance the transverse electromagnetic response, they do not spoil scaling, but, in fact, enhance it. We provide scaling results obtained in the short-time approximation that verify this claim. The enhanced scaling, although obtained empirically, is not “accidental”—as claimed in [O. Benhar, Phys. Rev. C 105, 049801 (2022)]—but rather reflects quasielastic kinematics and the dominant role played by pion-exchange interactions and currents …

Measurement Of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Off 4He With The Cebaf Large Acceptance Spectrometer At Jefferson Lab, Clas Collaboration, R. Dupré, Mohammad Hattawy, N. A. Batzell, Stephen Bültmann, Bayram Torayev, Moskov Amaryan, Dilini L. Bulumulla, M. Mayer, David C. Payette, Yelena Prok, Jiwan Poudel, Lawrence B. Weinstein, B. Yale, N. Zachariou, J. Zhang, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We report on the measurement of the beam spin asymmetry in the deeply virtual Compton scattering off ⁴He using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab using a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized ⁴He gaseous target. We detail the method used to ensure the exclusivity of the measured reactions, in particular the upgrade of CLAS with a radial time projection chamber to detect the low-energy recoiling ⁴He nuclei and an inner calorimeter to extend the photon detection acceptance at forward angles. Our results confirm the theoretically predicted enhancement of the …

Inclusive Electron Scattering And The Genie Neutrino Event Generator, A. Papadopoulou, A. Ashkenazi, S. Gardiner, M. Betancourt, S. Dytman, L. B. Weinstein, E. Piasetzky, F. Hauenstein, M. Khachatryan, S. Dolan, G. D. Megias, O. Hen

Physics Faculty Publications

The extraction of neutrino mixing parameters from accelerator-based neutrino-oscillation experiments relies on proper modeling of neutrino-nucleus scattering processes using neutrino interaction event generators. Experimental tests of these generators are difficult due to the broad range of neutrino energies produced in accelerator-based beams and the low statistics of current experiments. Here we overcome these difficulties by exploiting the similarity of neutrino and electron interactions with nuclei to test neutrino event generators using high-precision inclusive electron-scattering data. To this end, we revised the electron-scattering mode of the genie event generator (e-GENIE) to include electron-nucleus bremsstrahlung radiation effects and to use, …

Measurement Of The Ar(E, E' P) And Ti(E, E' P) Cross Sections In Jefferson Lab Hall A, L. Gu, D. Abrams, A.M. Ankowski, L. Jiang, B. Aljawrneh, S. Alsalmi, F. Hauenstein, C. Hyde, Et Al., The Jefferson Lab Hall A. Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

The E12-14-012 experiment, performed in Jefferson Lab Hall A, has collected exclusive electron-scattering data (e, e'p) in parallel kinematics using natural argon and natural titanium targets. Here we report the first results of the analysis of the data set corresponding to beam energy 2222 GeV, electron scattering angle 21.5 degrees, and proton emission angle -50°. The differential cross sections, measured with ≈ 4% uncertainty, have been studied as a function of missing energy and missing momentum, and compared to the results of Monte Carlo simulations, obtained from a model based on the distorted-wave impulse approximation.

Probing The Deuteron At Very Large Internal Momenta, C. Yero, D. Abrams, Z Ahmed, F. Hauenstein, S.A. Wood, J. Zhang, Et Al., Hall C. Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We measure ²H(e,e′p)n cross sections at 4-momentum transfers of Q² = 4.5 ± 0.5   (GeV/c)² over a range of neutron recoil momenta pr, reaching up to ∼1.0  GeV/c. We obtain data at fixed neutron recoil angles θ_nq = 35°, 45°, and 75° with respect to the 3-momentum transfer ^→q. The new data agree well with previous data, which reached p_r ∼ 500  MeV/c. At θ_nq = 35° and 45°, final state interactions, meson exchange currents, and isobar currents are suppressed and the plane wave impulse approximation provides the dominant cross section contribution. …

Probing Few-Body Nuclear Dynamics Via ³H And ³He (E E'P) Pn Cross-Section Measurements, R. Cruz-Torres, F. Hauenstein, D. Bulumulla, C. Hyde, M. Khachatryan, M.N.H. Rashad, L.B. Weinstein, Et. Al., Jefferson Lab Hall A. Tritium Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We report the first measurement of the (e, e'p) three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 (³He) and tritium (³H) at large momentum transfer [< Q²> ≈ 1.9 (GeV/c)²] and x_B> 1 kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta 40 ≤ p_miss ≤ 500 MeV/c that, in the QE limit with no rescattering, equals the initial momentum of the probed nucleon. The measured cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art ab initio calculations. Overall …

First Measurement Of Direct Photoproduction Of The A2(1320)⁰ Meson On The Proton, K.P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, D. Bullumulla, F. Hauenstein, M. Khachatryan, Y. Prok, Et Al., Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the first measurement of the reaction 𝛾p -> a₂(1320)⁰ p in the photon energy range 3.5-5.5 GeV and four-momentum transfer squared 0.2 < -t < 2.0 GeV². Data were collected with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The a₂resonance was detected by measuring the reaction 𝛾p → π⁰ηp and reconstructing the π⁰η invariant mass. The most prominent feature of the differential cross section is a dip at -t ≈ 0.55 GeV². This can be described in the framework of Regge phenomenology, where the exchange degeneracy hypothesis …

Direct Observation Of Proton-Neutron Short-Range Correlation Dominance In Heavy Nuclei, M. Duer, A. Schmidt, J. R. Pybus, E. P. Segarra, A. Hrnjic, L. B. Weinstein, M. Hattawy, F. Hauenstein, S.E. Kuhn, Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We measured the triple coincidence A(e,e′n p) and A(e,e′ p p) reactions on carbon, aluminum, iron, and lead targets at Q² >1.5  (GeV/c)², x_B > 1.1 and missing momentum >400  MeV/c. This was the first direct measurement of both proton-proton (pp) and neutron-proton (np) short-range correlated (SRC) pair knockout from heavy asymmetric nuclei. For all measured nuclei, the average proton-proton (pp) to neutron-proton (np) reduced cross-section ratio is about 6%, in agreement with previous indirect measurements. Correcting for single-charge exchange effects decreased the SRC pairs ratio to ∼3%, which is lower than previous results. Comparisons to theoretical …

Center Of Mass Motion Of Short-Range Correlated Nucleon Pairs Studied Via The A(E, E'Pp) Reaction, Clas Collaboration, L. B. Weinstein, M. J. Amaryan, F. Hauenstein, A. Klein, S. E. Kuhn

Physics Faculty Publications

Short-range correlated (SRC) nucleon pairs are a vital part of the nucleus, accounting for almost all nucleons with momentum greater than the Fermi momentum (k_F). A fundamental characteristic of SRC pairs is having large relative momenta as compared to k_F, and smaller center of mass (c.m.) which indicates a small separation distance between the nucleons in the pair. Determining the c.m. momentum distribution of SRC pairs is essential for understanding their formation process. We report here on the extraction of the c.m. motion of proton-proton (pp) SRC pairs in carbon and, for the first …

First Measurement Of The Ar (E,E')X Cross Section At Jefferson Laboratory, H. Dai, M. Murphy, V. Pandey, D. Abrams, D. Nguyen, B. Aljawrneh, F. Hauenstein, D. W. Higinbotham, Charles Hyde, The Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

The success of the ambitious programs of both long- and short-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiments employing liquid-argon time-projection chambers will greatly rely on the precision with which the weak response of the argon nucleus can be estimated. In the E12-14-012 experiment at Jefferson Lab Hall A, we studied the properties of the argon nucleus by scattering a high-quality electron beam off a high-pressure gaseous argon target. Here, we present the measured ⁴⁰Ar(e,e') double differential cross section at incident electron energy E=2.222 GeV and scattering angle Θ = 15.54°. The data cover a broad range of energy transfers, where quasielastic scattering and …

Measurement Of The Q² Dependence Of The Deuteron Spin Structure Function G1 And Its Moments At Low Q² With Clas, Clas Collaboration, K. P. Adhikari, L. El Fassi, S E. Kuhn, M. J. Amaryan, S. Bültmann, G. Charles, Gail Dodge, N. Guler, C. E. Hyde, A. Klein, D. Payette, J. Poudel, Y. Prok, L. B. Weinstein, J. Zhang, Z. W. Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We measured the g₁ spin structure function of the deuteron at low Q², where QCD can be approximated with chiral perturbation theory (χPT). The data cover the resonance region, up to an invariant mass of W ≈ 1.9  GeV. The generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum, the moment Γ^d₁ and the spin polarizability γ^d₀ are precisely determined down to a minimum Q² of 0.02  GeV² for the first time, about 2.5 times lower than that of previous data. We compare them to several χPT calculations and models. These results are the first in a …

Determination Of The Proton Spin Structure Functions For 0.05 < Q2 <5gev2 Using Clas, R. G. Fersch, N. Guler, P. Bosted, A. Deur, K. Griffioen, C. Keith, S E. Kuhn, R. Minehart, Y. Prok, K. P. Adhikari, S. Bültmann, S. Careccia, Gail Dodge, V. G. Lagerquist, L. B. Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the results of our final analysis of the full data set of g^p₁ Q², the spin structure function of the proton, collected using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory in 2000-2001. Polarized electrons with energies of 1.6, 2.5, 4.2, and 5.7 GeV were scattered from proton targets ¹⁵NH₃ dynamically polarized along the beam direction) and detected with CLAS. From the measured double spin asymmetries, we extracted virtual photon asymmetries A^p₁ and A^p₂ and spin structure functions g ^p₁ and g^p₂ over a wide kinematic range (0.05 GeV …

Target And Beam-Target Spin Asymmetries In Exclusive Pion Electroproduction For Q² > 1 Gev² . Ii. Ep→ Eπºp, Clas Collaboration, K. P. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, M. J. Amaryan, S. Bültmann, N. Guler, S E. Kuhn, A. Klein, S. Koirala, B. Torayev, J. Zhang, Z. W. Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

Beam-target double-spin asymmetries and target single-spin asymmetries were measured for the exclusive π⁰ electroproduction reaction γ^∗p→pπ⁰, expanding an analysis of the γ^∗p→nπ⁺ reaction from the same experiment. The results were obtained from scattering of 6-GeV longitudinally polarized electrons off longitudinally polarized protons using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The kinematic ranges covered are 1.1 < W < 3 GeV and 1 < Q²< 6 GeV² . Results were obtained for about 5700 bins in W, Q², cos(θ^∗) , and ϕ^∗. The beam-target asymmetries were found to generally be greater than zero, with …

Measurement Of Two-Photon Exchange Effect By Comparing Elastic E ± P Cross Sections, D. Rimal, D. Adikaram, B. A. Raue, L. B. Weinstein, J. Arrington, W. K. Brooks, M. Ungaro, K. P. Adhikari, A. V. Afanasev, Z. Akbar

Physics Faculty Publications

Background: The electromagnetic form factors of the proton measured by unpolarized and polarized electron scattering experiments show a significant disagreement that grows with the squared four-momentum transfer (Q²) . Calculations have shown that the two measurements can be largely reconciled by accounting for the contributions of two-photon exchange (TPE). TPE effects are not typically included in the standard set of radiative corrections since theoretical calculations of the TPE effects are highly model dependent, and, until recently, no direct evidence of significant TPE effects has been observed.

Purpose: We measured the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic-scattering cross …

Measurements Of Ep → E′Π+Π-P′ Cross Sections With Clas At 1.40 Gev < W < 2.0 Gev And 2.0 Gev² < Q² < 5.0 Gev², E.L. Isupov, V.D. Burkert, D.S. Carman, R. W. Gothe, R. Hicks, B. S. Ishkhanov, V. I. Mokeev, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, M. J. Amaryan, G. Charles, A. Klein, Y. Prok, B. Torayev

Physics Faculty Publications

This paper reports new exclusive cross sections for ep → e′π⁺π^-p′ using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. These results are presented for the first time at photon virtualities 2.0GeV² 2 < 5.0GeV² in the center-of-mass energy range 1.4 GeV < W < 2.0 GeV, which covers a large part of the nucleon resonance region. Using a model developed for the phenomenological analysis of electroproduction data, we see strong indications that the relative contributions from the resonant cross sections at W < 1.74 GeV increase with Q². These data considerably extend the kinematic reach of previous measurements. Exclusive ep → e′π⁺π^-p′ cross section measurements are of particular importance for the extraction of resonance electrocouplings in the mass range above 1.6 GeV.