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Articles 1 - 30 of 145
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
From Norms Taker To Norms Breaker: A Comparative Study Of Turkey’S Nuclear Discourses Before And After The Ostensible Coup Of 2016, Sarah Tzinieris, Zenobia S. Homan, Cem Boke, Amna Javed
From Norms Taker To Norms Breaker: A Comparative Study Of Turkey’S Nuclear Discourses Before And After The Ostensible Coup Of 2016, Sarah Tzinieris, Zenobia S. Homan, Cem Boke, Amna Javed
International Journal of Nuclear Security
This article offers an analysis of public statements made by Turkish government leaders, contrasting official attitudes on nuclear nonproliferation before and after the alleged military coup attempt in 2016. Significant developments in this period include deteriorating democracy and the rule of law in Turkey and the emergence of destabilizing foreign policy differences between Turkey and Western states. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan also sought to consolidate domestic power and play a more assertive security role in the Middle East. This analysis of official statements reveals a distinct shift in Turkey’s nonproliferation rhetoric after the 2016 coup. In particular, Turkish government ministers …
A Measurement Of Neutron Polarization And Transmission For The Nedm@Sns Experiment, Kavish Imam
A Measurement Of Neutron Polarization And Transmission For The Nedm@Sns Experiment, Kavish Imam
Doctoral Dissertations
The D.O.E Nuclear Science Advisory Committee Long Range Plan has called for experimental programs to explore fundamental symmetry violations and their implications in nuclear, particle and cosmological physics. The neutron electric dipole moment experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (nEDM@SNS) aims to search for new physics in the Time-reversal (T) and Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry violating sector by setting a new limit on the nEDM down to a few x 10-28 e·cm using a novel cryogenic technique, which combines the unique properties of polarized Ultracold Neutrons (UCN), polarized 3He, and superfluid 4He. The experiment will employ a cryogenic …
Short Range Correlation Measurements In The Quasielastic Region With An 11 Gev Beam, Casey Morean
Short Range Correlation Measurements In The Quasielastic Region With An 11 Gev Beam, Casey Morean
Doctoral Dissertations
Electron scattering is a significant means of studying internal high momentum
nucleon and quark distributions in nuclei. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator
Facility (JLab) with its 11GeV beam is capable of studying high momentum nucleons
with unmatched precision. The role of short range nucleon configurations and
quark distributions is significant for understanding the dynamics of nuclei and their
underlying components. Scattering cross section measurements in the kinematic
regime x > 1, where the free nucleon is forbidden, are sensitive to high momentum
nucleons, which are believed to come from short range correlations (SRCs). SRCs are
strongly interacting, high momentum nucleons with a …
Perception Of Nuclear Security As A Barrier To Female Representation In Africa, Primerose Ruhukwa Ms
Perception Of Nuclear Security As A Barrier To Female Representation In Africa, Primerose Ruhukwa Ms
International Journal of Nuclear Security
Women are strongly underrepresented in the nuclear energy sector, particularly in the field of Nuclear security. Regardless of several government efforts to increase the number of women in this field, which include gender balance polices, education, and awareness campaigns, the nuclear security industry remains a male-dominated field. The reason why nuclear security is shunned by most women in Africa is because of an incorrect perception of what nuclear security is. When a lay person hears the term nuclear, the first thing that comes to mind is nuclear weapons, and many are quick to judge, saying that Africa does not …
Sub-Chandrasekhar Type Ia Supernovae Scenarios With Increased Pathways For Neutronization, Fernando Hernan Rivas
Sub-Chandrasekhar Type Ia Supernovae Scenarios With Increased Pathways For Neutronization, Fernando Hernan Rivas
Doctoral Dissertations
Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of white dwarfs (WD), electron-degenerate cores of old intermediate mass stars(under 8$M_{\odot}$). Reaching energies of $10^{51}$\si{\erg}, they outshine whole galaxies as they synthesize and distribute most of the iron group elements (IGE; V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) into the interstellar medium, thus being one of the main agents in cosmic chemical evolution. Also, given their notably homogeneous lightcurves, they form the last step in the cosmic distance ladder outdistancing Cepheid variables by orders of magnitude. Though calibration of said lightcurves is dependent on a high number of confirmed events, the limits of statistical …
Fabrication, Measurements, And Modeling Of Semiconductor Radiation Detectors For Imaging And Detector Response Functions, Corey David Ahl
Fabrication, Measurements, And Modeling Of Semiconductor Radiation Detectors For Imaging And Detector Response Functions, Corey David Ahl
Doctoral Dissertations
In the first part of this dissertation, we cover the development of a diamond semiconductor alpha-tagging sensor for associated particle imaging to solve challenges with currently employed scintillators. The alpha-tagging sensor is a double-sided strip detector made from polycrystalline CVD diamond. The performance goals of the alpha-tagging sensor are 700-picosecond timing resolution and 0.5 mm spatial resolution. A literature review summarizes the methodology, goals, and challenges in associated particle imaging. The history and current state of alpha-tagging sensors, followed by the properties of diamond semiconductors are discussed to close the literature review. The materials and methods used to calibrate the …
Total Absorption Spectroscopy Of Mo-106 And Tc-106, Michael Cooper
Total Absorption Spectroscopy Of Mo-106 And Tc-106, Michael Cooper
Doctoral Dissertations
Total absorption spectroscopy is a method of gamma-ray spectroscopy that has gained prominence in the past several decades, as nuclear data revisions are performed on older nuclear data, which is often incomplete. A strong understanding of underlying nuclear data, particularly fission and beta decay data, is essential for nuclear reactors and nuclear fuel decay heat. This PhD work involves the analysis of fission fragments 106Mo [Mo-106] and 106Tc [Tc-106]. These neutron rich isotopes contribute upwards of 6% of the cumulative fission yield of 241Pu [Pu-241] fission, and 4% of 239Pu [Pu-239] fission. Prior data for these two fission fragments only …
Neutrino Physics At A Research Reactor: Backgrounds And Analysis, Blaine Alexander Heffron
Neutrino Physics At A Research Reactor: Backgrounds And Analysis, Blaine Alexander Heffron
Doctoral Dissertations
The field of neutrino physics has a rich history and is currently the subject of much active research. The discovery of neutrino oscillations led to the conclusion that neutrinos have mass which was in contradiction to the Standard Model. Now researchers are investigating a number of open questions regarding neutrino properties such as their mass values or the existence of CP violation in the weak interaction. In order to answer these questions experimental and analytical techniques of neutrino detection are becoming more advanced, entering into an era of precision neutrino detection.
Nuclear reactors as a source of antineutrinos have played …
Development Of A New High-Resolution Neutron Detector And Beta-Delayed Neutron Spectroscopy Of 24o., Shree K. Neupane
Development Of A New High-Resolution Neutron Detector And Beta-Delayed Neutron Spectroscopy Of 24o., Shree K. Neupane
Doctoral Dissertations
An efficient neutron detection system with good energy resolution is needed to correctly characterize the decays of neutron-rich nuclei where beta-delayed neutron emission is a dominant decay mode. Precision neutron spectroscopy probes nuclear structure effects in neutron-rich nuclei and is essential to exploit the opportunities in new-generation radioactive beam facilities. A new high-resolution neutron detector, Neutron dEtector with Xn Tracking (NEXT), has been constructed, characterized, and tested in decay and reaction experiments. Its essential capability is the neutron interaction position localization, which enables improvement in energy resolution without compromising detection efficiency in the time-of-flight measurements. Neutron-gamma discrimination capability of NEXT …
Constraining The 30p(P,Γ)31s Reaction Using 30p(D,Pγ)31p With Goddess, Rajesh Ghimire
Constraining The 30p(P,Γ)31s Reaction Using 30p(D,Pγ)31p With Goddess, Rajesh Ghimire
Doctoral Dissertations
The 30P(p,γ)31S reaction acts as a bottleneck for classical nova nucleosynthesis beyond A=30 in ONe novae, due in part to the long lifetime of 30P (∼2.5 minutes) with respect to the timescale of a nova outburst. Also, the 30P(p,γ)31S reaction rate directly affects the isotopic ratio of 30Si/28Si, which is an important nova identifier in the analysis of pre-solar grains. O/S, S/Al, O/P, and P/Al elemental abundance ratios can be used as nuclear thermometers for classical novae by constraining the 30P(p,γ)31S reaction rate.
However, direct measurement of …
The Impact Of A Nuclear Disturbance On A Space-Based Quantum Network, Alexander Miloshevsky
The Impact Of A Nuclear Disturbance On A Space-Based Quantum Network, Alexander Miloshevsky
Doctoral Dissertations
Quantum communications tap into the potential of quantum mechanics to go beyond the limitations of classical communications. Currently, the greatest challenge facing quantum networks is the limited transmission range of encoded quantum information. Space-based quantum networks offer a means to overcome this limitation, however the performance of such a network operating in harsh conditions is unknown. This dissertation analyzes the capabilities of a space-based quantum network operating in a nuclear disturbed environment. First, performance during normal operating conditions is presented using Gaussian beam modeling and atmospheric modeling to establish a baseline to compare against a perturbed environment. Then, the DEfense …
The Structure Of 71ni Via Beta-Delayed Neutron Spectroscopy Of 71co, Andrew Keeler
The Structure Of 71ni Via Beta-Delayed Neutron Spectroscopy Of 71co, Andrew Keeler
Doctoral Dissertations
Studies of beta decays can give insights into the underlying structure of the nucleus. In particular, decays of closed-shell and near-closed-shell nuclei can provide important benchmarks for structure models, which are used in simulations of r-process nucleosynthesis. This work reports on a study of beta decays of 71Co produced in an experiment that was carried out in October 2016 at MSU’s National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) using the Versatile Array of Neutron Detectors at Low Energy (VANDLE). In order to carry out this experiment, a novel position-sensitive scintillating detector was developed to enable the sub-nanosecond timing response that VANDLE …
Improving Sensitivities In 0𝒗ββ Decay Searches By Utilizing Pen As A Structural Scintillating Material, Brennan Theresa Hackett
Improving Sensitivities In 0𝒗ββ Decay Searches By Utilizing Pen As A Structural Scintillating Material, Brennan Theresa Hackett
Doctoral Dissertations
Neutrinoless double beta decay, 0nbb is currently the only experimental test to unambiguously determine the majorana nature of the neutrino. There is a large international effort to measure 0nbb decay, with several detector technologies being pursued. This dissertation will consider the LEGEND experiment (Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless bb Decay), an international effort to measure 0nbb decay with 76Ge as both the target isotope and the detecting material.
LEGEND has a 200 kg stage and a 1000 kg stage, each requiring extremely low levels of background radiation at Qbb (E = 2.039 MeV). These ultra-low background levels …
Measurement Of Jet Constituent Yields In Pb-Pb Collisions At √Snn = 5.02 Tev Using The Alice Detector, Charles P. Hughes
Measurement Of Jet Constituent Yields In Pb-Pb Collisions At √Snn = 5.02 Tev Using The Alice Detector, Charles P. Hughes
Doctoral Dissertations
Hard partonic scatterings serve as an important probe of quark-gluon-plasma (QGP) properties. The properties of jets and their constituents can provide a tool for understanding the partonic energy loss mechanisms. Low momentum jets offer a unique window into partonic energy loss because they reconstruct the partons which have lost a significant amount of energy to the QGP medium. The main difficulty in studying low momentum jets in heavy ion collisions is the presence of a significant uncorrelated background of low momentum hadrons from soft processes. One way to deal with this background is to use jet- hadron correlations to fit …
Beta-Delayed Neutron Emission Spectroscopy In The 78ni Region And Development Of Yso-Based Implantation Detector, Maninder Singh
Beta-Delayed Neutron Emission Spectroscopy In The 78ni Region And Development Of Yso-Based Implantation Detector, Maninder Singh
Doctoral Dissertations
Decays of Cu isotopes provide a laboratory to study the properties for nearly doubly-magic nuclei with a significant neutron excess which are also relevant for the r-process models. The beta-decay properties of doubly-magic 78Ni (N=50) are imprinted in the neighboring Cu decay, nuclei with a single proton outside the Z=28 core. The investigated isotopes 79,80,81Cu are strong beta-delayed neutron precursors, suggesting that their decay strength distribution lies above neutron separation energies in 79,80,81Zn daughters.
For decay studies, a segmented scintillator YSO (Y2SiO5 : Ce doped) based implantation detector was developed at the University of …
Tokamak 3d Heat Load Investigations Using An Integrated Simulation Framework, Thomas Looby
Tokamak 3d Heat Load Investigations Using An Integrated Simulation Framework, Thomas Looby
Doctoral Dissertations
Reactor class nuclear fusion tokamaks will be inherently complex. Thousands of interconnected systems that span orders of magnitude in physical scale must operate cohesively for the machine to function. Because these reactor class tokamaks are all in an early design stage, it is difficult to quantify exactly how each subsystem will act within the context of the greater systems. Therefore, to predict the engineering parameters necessary to design the machine, simulation frameworks that can model individual systems as well as the interfaced systems are necessary. This dissertation outlines a novel framework developed to couple otherwise disparate computational domains together into …
The Upgraded Measurement Of The Neutron Lifetime Using The In-Beam Method, Jimmy P. Caylor
The Upgraded Measurement Of The Neutron Lifetime Using The In-Beam Method, Jimmy P. Caylor
Doctoral Dissertations
Precision measurements of neutron beta decay can provide answers to some of the most fundamental questions in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Neutron beta decay is the simplest semi-leptonic decay; therefore, it provides a clean test of the charged current sector of the Standard Model (SM). A precise measurement of the neutron lifetime and λ, the ratio of axial vector and vector coupling constants of the weak interaction, allows for a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Moskawa (CKM) matrix element Vud that is free from nuclear structure effects. The SM predicts that the CKM matrix is unitary; therefore, the measurement of …
Measurement Of Neutrino-Induced Neutron Production In Lead, Brandon J. Becker
Measurement Of Neutrino-Induced Neutron Production In Lead, Brandon J. Becker
Doctoral Dissertations
The COHERENT Collaboration is an experimental effort to make the first measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE𝜈NS). The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory provides an intense, timed source of neutrinos from the decay of pions and muons produced during the spallation of mercury by 1 GeV protons generated in a particle accelerator. COHERENT seeks to make an unambiguous measurement by using a variety of low-threshold detectors capable of measuring the low-energy nuclear recoils resulting from CE𝜈NS interactions. This already challenging task is further complicated with the presence of backgrounds. Consequently, we must seek to reduce …
Transverse Energy Analysis In Small Collision Systems, Alexander L. Aukerman
Transverse Energy Analysis In Small Collision Systems, Alexander L. Aukerman
Masters Theses
Heavy Ion Collisions performed in the LHC at Cern are capable of generating a new phase of nuclear matter known as the Quark Gluon Plasma. In addition to running heavy ion collisions, the detectors dedicated to studying the QGP perform collisions utilizing smaller collision systems for the sake of comparing key measurements associated with the creation of a QGP. The transverse energy of the particles generated from the collision is one such key measurement. For the sake of comparison an analysis is performed on the transverse energy measurements taken from proton-proton collisions.
Enigma - Ongoing Development Towards Novel Beta-Decay Spectroscopy Station At Isolde, Philipp Wagenknecht
Enigma - Ongoing Development Towards Novel Beta-Decay Spectroscopy Station At Isolde, Philipp Wagenknecht
Masters Theses
Beta decay and collinear laser spectroscopy are proven efficient tools to study nuclear structure far from stability. Two areas of significance are investigations into nuclear deformation and shape coexistence, as well as delayed neutron emissions used in nuclear energy applications. This contribution presents the ongoing development towards a novel beta-decay spectroscopy station for the VITO experiment at CERN’s radioactive ion beam facility ISOLDE. The setup will utilize both collinear laser spectroscopy and beta-decay spectroscopy to measure the energy and spin-parities of the ground and excited states of radioactive beams. Initial designs of the support structure, magnetic field, and detector array …
Study Of One-Nucleon Transfer Reactions, Jerome Mathew Kovoor
Study Of One-Nucleon Transfer Reactions, Jerome Mathew Kovoor
Doctoral Dissertations
The structure of nuclei away from the line of stability and near the driplines in the nuclear chart has been of huge interest since the arrival of radioactive ion beam facilities. The properties of nuclei evolve as a function of proton and neutron numbers and understanding the mechanisms behind this is one of the keys to explaining the strong nuclear force. Single-nucleon transfer reactions using deuteron targets are powerful probes of nuclear structure when the emitted proton or neutron is measured with high fidelity.
A variety of structure phenomena are observed in the beryllium isotopes marking them particularly attractive for …
A High Rate Pixelated Neutron Detector For Neutron Reflectometry At The Spallation Neutron Source, Su-Ann Chong
A High Rate Pixelated Neutron Detector For Neutron Reflectometry At The Spallation Neutron Source, Su-Ann Chong
Doctoral Dissertations
This work presents the development of a high-rate 6Li-based pixelated neutron detector for neutron reflectometry instruments at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The current detector technology falls short on the instrument requirements, particularly on the counting rate capability. This detector was designed specifically to overcome the limitation in counting rate by having a fully pixelated design from neutron conversion layer to photodetector and readout system. For the neutron converting layer, a 6Li-based neutron scintillator was used. Each scintillator element was coupled to a photodetector, in this case, a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). The output of each SiPM …
An Overview Of Approaches To Nuclear Security In Ghana, Raymond Agalga, Paul Atta Amoah, Daniel Nii Adjei, Daniel Frederick Charles, Emmanuel Ofori Darko
An Overview Of Approaches To Nuclear Security In Ghana, Raymond Agalga, Paul Atta Amoah, Daniel Nii Adjei, Daniel Frederick Charles, Emmanuel Ofori Darko
International Journal of Nuclear Security
Ghana has significantly improved its nuclear security infrastructure over the years. However, as threats increase by the day and new applications of nuclear and radiological technology are designed and implemented, Ghana must develop a rigid and comprehensive approach to mitigating the negative impacts on its nuclear security while improving prevention, detection, and deterrence of nuclear and radiological terrorism within its geographical space. This paper overviews the approaches adopted by Ghana to build a strong nuclear security regime within the past decade. These include improving legal frameworks for nuclear security by establishing an independent Nuclear Regulatory Authority; assessing nuclear security culture …
Design Of An Accelerator-Based Shielding Experiment At The Nasa Space Radiation Laboratory Relevant To Enclosed, Shielded Environments In Space, Lawrence H Heilbronn, Michael Sivertz, Adam Rusek, Charlie Pearson, Martha Clowdsley, Luis Castellanos, Natalie Mcgirl, Ashwin Srikrishna, Cary Zeitlin
Design Of An Accelerator-Based Shielding Experiment At The Nasa Space Radiation Laboratory Relevant To Enclosed, Shielded Environments In Space, Lawrence H Heilbronn, Michael Sivertz, Adam Rusek, Charlie Pearson, Martha Clowdsley, Luis Castellanos, Natalie Mcgirl, Ashwin Srikrishna, Cary Zeitlin
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Nuclear Engineering
Recent calculations indicate that the dose equivalent in an enclosed, shielded environment in a galactic cosmic ray field will increase or remain unchanged when shielding thickness increases beyond 20 to 30 g/cm2. This trend is seen out to 100 g/cm2, beyond which calculations were not run since depths greater than this are not envisioned for human missions in deep space. If these calculations are accurate, then an optimal shielding thickness (or narrow range of thicknesses) exists, with important implications for spacecraft and habitat design. Crucially, the calculation reveals a minimum dose equivalent value that cannot be reduced with added shielding, …
Evaluation And Improvement Of Nuclear Security Measures At A Radiological Facility In Morocco, Halima Jemmal, Abdelmajid Choukri, Mohammed Mouhib
Evaluation And Improvement Of Nuclear Security Measures At A Radiological Facility In Morocco, Halima Jemmal, Abdelmajid Choukri, Mohammed Mouhib
International Journal of Nuclear Security
Nuclear security combines both concepts of physical security and security culture within a nuclear facility to protect people, property, society and the environment from harmful effects of ionization radiation. Physical security means prevention, detection, and response to unauthorized removal, sabotage, and/or illegal transfer involving radioactive sources and nuclear material. Nuclear security culture is the human factor within the nuclear field which is considered a principal means to support and enhance nuclear security system. This paper presents a study of nuclear security system already established within a radiological facility considering concepts such as: deter, detect, delay, and response layers. This study …
Electroweak Interactions And Fundamental Symmetries In Light Nuclei With Short-Range Effective Field Theories, Zichao Yang
Electroweak Interactions And Fundamental Symmetries In Light Nuclei With Short-Range Effective Field Theories, Zichao Yang
Doctoral Dissertations
Effective field theories(EFTs) are powerful tools to study nuclear systems that display separation of scales. In this dissertation, we present halo EFT results for the $\beta$-delayed proton emission from $^{11}$Be, and pionless EFT results for three-nucleon systems. Halo nuclei are simply described by a tightly bound core and loosely bound valence nucleons. Using the halo EFT, we calculate the rate of the rare decay $^{11}$Be, which is a well-known halo nucleus, into $^{10}\text{Be} + p +e^- + \bar{\nu}_e$. We assume a shallow $1/2 ^+$ resonance in the $^{10}$Be$-p$ system with an energy consistent with a recent experiment by Ayyad {\it …
Production Of Protactinium-229 Via Deuteron Irradiation Of Thorium-232, Naser Burahmah
Production Of Protactinium-229 Via Deuteron Irradiation Of Thorium-232, Naser Burahmah
Doctoral Dissertations
225Ac [Actinium-225] is a promising radionuclide for targeted alpha therapy of cancer. 229Pa can lead to the production of 229Th [Thorium-229] and 225Ac [Actinium-225]. Deuteron bombardment on natural thorium targets has been investigated to measure cross sections of protactinium isotopes. In this work, 229Pa [Protactinium-229] excitation function was measured via deuteron energies up to 50 MeV [Mega electron volt] of thin thorium foils. The irradiation took place at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) 88-Inch Cyclotron. The target processing and analysis were performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The target consisted of 4 thin foils …
In Situ Cosmogenic Backgrounds In The Majorana Demonstrator, Andrew Lopez
In Situ Cosmogenic Backgrounds In The Majorana Demonstrator, Andrew Lopez
Doctoral Dissertations
Neutrino-less double-beta decay is a proposed type of radioactive decay that, if observed, could answer several outstanding physics questions, such as "Is the neutrino its own antiparticle otherwise known as a Majorana particle?", "What is the mass of the neutrino?", and "What is the neutrino mass hierarchy?" As technology and experimental techniques improve, the sensitivity of experiments looking for rare events becomes more dependent on the backgrounds. Some of these backgrounds can be reduced using shielding techniques such as implementing a veto system, selecting radiopure components, and conducting the experiment deep underground. However some amount of cosmogenically induced backgrounds remain …
Machine Learning Applications For Waveform Analysis, Micah R. Cruz
Machine Learning Applications For Waveform Analysis, Micah R. Cruz
Masters Theses
Since the later 20th century, the search for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) has been paramount to many nuclear and particle physicists. Neutron and nuclear beta decay experiments provide one avenue to search for evidence of BSM physics by contributing to the unitarity check of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. Many of these experiments detect neutron decay products as digitized waveforms. As computing power increases and novel algorithms are developed, it is compelling to investigate machine learning methods as an analytic tool for such waveform data. These methods can allow for very fast data exploration techniques, and if pseudodata is available …
Towards Neutron Transformation Searches, Joshua L. Barrow
Towards Neutron Transformation Searches, Joshua L. Barrow
Doctoral Dissertations
To probe the origins of the baryon asymmetry, baryon number violation, the last unconfirmed Sakharov condition, must be definitively observed experimentally. Similarly, the nature of dark matter is currently unknown, and calls out for new candidates to be investigated. Each of these issues can be considered through the study of neutron transformations.
Some rare baryon number violating processes, such as neutron-antineutron transformations, are expected to probe baryogenesis. Here, I show progress on this discovery target through construction of more accurate Monte Carlo models, the design of future detectors, creation of more complete atmospheric neutrino background simulations, and use of automated …