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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Representing Nodes And Arcs In 3d Networks, Glenn Franck, Colin Ware
Representing Nodes And Arcs In 3d Networks, Glenn Franck, Colin Ware
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
This paper introduces six graphical principles for 30 network displays. These are justified with examples from GraphVisualizer3D, a system developed by the authors to investigate the problems of 30 visualization of information networks. GraphVisualizer3D enables the exploration of sulface color, surface texture, object shape, arc shape and labeling conventions.
Viewing A Graph In A Virtual Reality Display Is Three Times As Good As A 2d Diagram, Colin Ware, Glenn Franck
Viewing A Graph In A Virtual Reality Display Is Three Times As Good As A 2d Diagram, Colin Ware, Glenn Franck
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
An experiment is reported which tests whether network information is more effectively displayed in a three dimensional space than in a two dimensional space. The experimental task is to trace a path in a network and the experiment is carried out in 2D, in a 3D stereo view, in a 2D view with head coupled perspective, and in a 3D stereo view with head coupled perspective; this last condition creates a localized virtual reality display. The results show that the motion parallax obtained from the head coupling of perspective is more important than stereopsis in revealing structural information. Overall the …
Table Of Contents Volume Five, Number Four, Fall 1994, Risk Editorial Board
Table Of Contents Volume Five, Number Four, Fall 1994, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)
Comparison Of Environmental Risk Provisions In The 103d Congress, Linda-Jo Schierow
Comparison Of Environmental Risk Provisions In The 103d Congress, Linda-Jo Schierow
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Schierow, an Analyst in Environmental Policy with the Congressional Research Service, presents a tabulated summary of comparable provisions in several bills with special attention to the Risk Assessment Improvement Act of 1994.
Preferences For Exposure Control Of Power-Frequency Fields Among Lay Opinion Leaders, Ann Bostrom, M. Granger Morgan, Jack Adams, Indira Nair
Preferences For Exposure Control Of Power-Frequency Fields Among Lay Opinion Leaders, Ann Bostrom, M. Granger Morgan, Jack Adams, Indira Nair
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors report on surveys, differing according to focus on remedial costs, of Pittsburgh-area adults indicating beliefs about possible health effects of electromagnetic fields and the acceptability of options for reducing or eliminating the potential impact.
Trace Substances, Science And Law: Perspectives From The Social Sciences, James F. Short Jr.
Trace Substances, Science And Law: Perspectives From The Social Sciences, James F. Short Jr.
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Using advances in analytical technology as a point of departure, Dr. Short reviews what social science research reveals about perceptions, decision making processes and behaviors of organizations and individuals who try to cope with risk and uncertainty.
Review Of: Gerald Holton, Science And Anti-Science, Russell W. Binns Jr.
Review Of: Gerald Holton, Science And Anti-Science, Russell W. Binns Jr.
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of : Gerald Holton, Science and Anti-Science (Harvard University Press 1993). LC 92-272; ISBN 0-674-79298-X. Index, notes, preface, sources. [176 pp. Cloth $24.95. 79 Garden St., Cambridge MA 02138.]
Five Year Cumulative Index: Book Reviews & Essays By Title, Risk Editorial Board
Five Year Cumulative Index: Book Reviews & Essays By Title, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
A five year cumulative index of book reviews and essays by title for the journal RISK.
Review Of: Ann Rappaport, Development And Transfer Of Pollution Prevention Technology, Kristina M. Jahns
Review Of: Ann Rappaport, Development And Transfer Of Pollution Prevention Technology, Kristina M. Jahns
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: Ann Rappaport, Development and Transfer of Pollution Prevention Technology (Quorum Books 1993). Appendices, bibliographical references, figures, index, preface, tables. LC 93-292; ISBN 0-89930-816-3 [203 pp. Cloth $55.00. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]
Five Year Cumulative Index: Articles And Comments By Title, Risk Editorial Board
Five Year Cumulative Index: Articles And Comments By Title, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
A five year cumulative index of articles and comments by title for the journal RISK.
Temporal Alternation Between Light- And Nutrient-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Production In A Coastal Plain Estuary., Jonathan Pennock, Jonathan H. Sharp
Temporal Alternation Between Light- And Nutrient-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Production In A Coastal Plain Estuary., Jonathan Pennock, Jonathan H. Sharp
School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering
ABSTRACT: The potential for Light- and nutrient-limitation of phytoplankton production was examined in the Delaware Estuary, USA, by combining a hierarchy of expenmental approaches including smallscale bioassay experiments, ecosystem-level analysis of nutrient concentration and stoichiometric ratios, and light-limitation modeling. Light was found to be the predominate regulator of phytoplankton growth throughout the estuary during the winter period as a result of high turbidity and a wellmixed water column. However, during late spring, phosphorus (P) was found to limit growth. This observation was confirmed at each of the experimental levels, and was related to several factors, including elevated input ratios (230:l) …
Soluble Acidic Species In Air And Snow At Summit, Greenland, Jack E. Dibb, R. Talbot, M H. Bergin
Soluble Acidic Species In Air And Snow At Summit, Greenland, Jack E. Dibb, R. Talbot, M H. Bergin
Earth Sciences
Simultaneous measurements of the concentrations of soluble acidic species in the gas, aerosol and snow phases at Summit, Greenland were made during summer 1993. Mean concentrations of gas phase HCOOH, CH3COOH, and HNO3 (49±28, 32±17 and 0.9±0.6 nmol m−3 STP, respectively) exceeded the concentrations of aerosol-associated HCOO−, CH3COO−, and NO3−by 1–3 orders of magnitude. On average, SO2 concentrations (0.9±0.6 nmol m−3 STP) were approximately 1/3 those of aerosol SO4=, but this ratio varied widely due largely to changes in the concentration of …
Estimation Of Stratospheric Input To The Arctic Troposphere: 7be And 10be In Aerosols At Alert, Canada, Jack E. Dibb, David Meeker, R C. Finkel, J Southon, Marc W. Caffee, Leonard A. Barrie
Estimation Of Stratospheric Input To The Arctic Troposphere: 7be And 10be In Aerosols At Alert, Canada, Jack E. Dibb, David Meeker, R C. Finkel, J Southon, Marc W. Caffee, Leonard A. Barrie
Earth Sciences
Concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in 2 years of weekly high-volume aerosol samples collected at Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada, showed pronounced seasonal variations. We observed a broad winter peak in 210Pb concentration and a spring peak in 7Be. These peaks were similar in magnitude and duration to previously reported results for a number of stations in the Arctic Basin. Beryllium 10 concentrations (determined only during the first year of this study) were well correlated with those of 7Be; the atom ratio 10Be/7Be was nearly constant at 2.2 throughout the year. This relatively high value of 10Be/7Be indicates that the stratosphere …
Reporting On Risk: Who Decides What's News?, William Lanouette
Reporting On Risk: Who Decides What's News?, William Lanouette
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Lanouette argues that risks alone do not command national media attention; their implications must first be framed by broader national issues.
Historical Notes On German Press Coverage Of Technology, Hans Mathias Kepplinger
Historical Notes On German Press Coverage Of Technology, Hans Mathias Kepplinger
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Professor Kepplinger accounts for increased negativism in German media coverage of technology by pointing to changes in journalists' role definitions and attitudes.
The Media, Risk Assessment And Numbers: They Don't Add Up, Sharon M. Friedman
The Media, Risk Assessment And Numbers: They Don't Add Up, Sharon M. Friedman
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Professor Friedman argues that, for risks to be reported accurately, journalism educators must help their students understand science, numbers and statistics.
Mass Media As An Information Channel And Public Arena, Hans Peter Peters
Mass Media As An Information Channel And Public Arena, Hans Peter Peters
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Professor Peters argues that several functions of mass media compete and that attempts to improve risk coverage must avoid optimizing one at the expense of others.
Table Of Contents Volume Five, Number Three, Summer 1994, Risk Editorial Board
Table Of Contents Volume Five, Number Three, Summer 1994, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)
Mass Media And Environmental Risk: Seven Principles, Peter M. Sandman
Mass Media And Environmental Risk: Seven Principles, Peter M. Sandman
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Sandman suggests that, when spokespersons for risk sources are inept in conveying their messages, they and we pay heavily for their mistakes.
Comptel Imaging Of The Galactic Disk And The Separation Of Diffuse Emission And Point Sources, H Bloemen, W Hermsen, B Swanenburg, C De Vries, R Diehl, V. Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong, A Connors, Mark L. Mcconnell, D Morris, G Stacy, K Bennett, C Winkler
Comptel Imaging Of The Galactic Disk And The Separation Of Diffuse Emission And Point Sources, H Bloemen, W Hermsen, B Swanenburg, C De Vries, R Diehl, V. Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong, A Connors, Mark L. Mcconnell, D Morris, G Stacy, K Bennett, C Winkler
Physics & Astronomy
The first MeV image of the inner Galaxy obtained with the COMPTEL telescope aboard the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory shows a structured ridge of emisssion along the Galactic equator which probably consists of diffuse radiation and unresolved discrete sources. The intensity distribution of this ridge distinctly differs from the expected distribution for a simple model of the diffuse radiation. Most remarkable are the observed excursions out of the disk, which may hint at the presence of gamma-ray point sources located several degrees away from the mid-plane, but a diffuse origin cannot be excluded. If these are indeed discrete sources, a substantial …
Observations Of Gamma-Ray Bursts By Comptel, L O. Hanlon, K Bennett, W Collmar, A Connors, R Diehl, R Van Dijk, J Greiner, J W. Den Herder, W Hermsen, R M. Kippen, L Kuiper, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, V. Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong, M Varendorff, C Winkler
Observations Of Gamma-Ray Bursts By Comptel, L O. Hanlon, K Bennett, W Collmar, A Connors, R Diehl, R Van Dijk, J Greiner, J W. Den Herder, W Hermsen, R M. Kippen, L Kuiper, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, V. Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong, M Varendorff, C Winkler
Physics & Astronomy
During the first year of operation, 22 cosmic gamma-ray bursts were detected within the field of view of the COMPTEL instrument on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. Spectra and time histories for the strongest of these bursts have been obtained from both the main instrument (0.75-30 MeV) and the burst modules (0.3-10 MeV). The deconvolved photon spectra for the majority of bursts are fit by a single power law model with spectral index between -1.6 and -2.8. One strong burst, GRB 910814, exhibited significant curvature and could not be fit by a single power law model. A broken power …
Application Of A Maximum Likelihood Processor To Acoustic Backscatter For The Estimation Of Seafloor Roughness Parameters, Zoi-Heleni Michalopoulou, Christian De Moustier
Application Of A Maximum Likelihood Processor To Acoustic Backscatter For The Estimation Of Seafloor Roughness Parameters, Zoi-Heleni Michalopoulou, Christian De Moustier
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is used to extract seafloor roughness parameters from records of acoustic backscatter. The method relies on the Helmholtz–Kirchhoff approximation under the assumption of a power‐law roughness spectrum and on the statistical modeling of bottom reverberation. The result is a globally optimum, highly automated technique that is a useful tool in the context of seafloor classification via remote acoustic sensing. The general geometry of the Sea Beam bathymetric system is incorporated into the design of the ML processor in order to make it applicable to real acoustic data collected by this system. The processor is initially tested …
Observations Of Cygnus X-1 Comptel During 1991, Mark L. Mcconnell, D J. Forrest, James M. Ryan, W Collmar, V. Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong, R Van Dijk, W Hermsen, K Bennett
Observations Of Cygnus X-1 Comptel During 1991, Mark L. Mcconnell, D J. Forrest, James M. Ryan, W Collmar, V. Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong, R Van Dijk, W Hermsen, K Bennett
Physics & Astronomy
The Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) experiment on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) has observed the Cygnus region on two occasions during the first (sky survey) phase of its mission. These data represent the most sensitive observations to date of Cygnus X-1 in the 0.75-30 MeV range. The observations in 1991 June and August both showed evidence for emission in the 0.75-2 MeV energy range. The flux level was larger by about a factor of 2 during the August observation. The spectral data were analyzed in the context of a Wien spectral model (the high-energy limit of the Sunyaev-Titarchuk Comptonization spectrum). Fits …
Table Of Contents Volume Five, Number Two, Spring 1994, Risk Editorial Board
Table Of Contents Volume Five, Number Two, Spring 1994, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)
Comptel Measurements Of The Gamma-Ray Burst Grb 930131, James M. Ryan, K Bennett, W Collmar, A Connors, Gerald J. Fishman, J Greiner, L O. Hanlon, W Hermsen, R M. Kippen, C Kouveliotou, L Kuiper, G G. Lichti, John R. Macri, J. Mattox, Mark L. Mcconnell, B Mcnamara, C Meegan, V. Schonfelder, R Vandijk, M Varendorff, W Webber, C Winkler
Comptel Measurements Of The Gamma-Ray Burst Grb 930131, James M. Ryan, K Bennett, W Collmar, A Connors, Gerald J. Fishman, J Greiner, L O. Hanlon, W Hermsen, R M. Kippen, C Kouveliotou, L Kuiper, G G. Lichti, John R. Macri, J. Mattox, Mark L. Mcconnell, B Mcnamara, C Meegan, V. Schonfelder, R Vandijk, M Varendorff, W Webber, C Winkler
Physics & Astronomy
On 1993 January 31 at 1857:12 Universal Time (UT), the Imaging Compton Telescope COMPTEL onboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) detected the cosmic gamma-ray burst GRB 930131. COMPTEL's MeV imaging capability was employed to locate the source to better than 2 deg (1 sigma error radius) within 7 hr of the event, initiating a world-wide search for an optical and radio counterpart. The maximum likelihood position of the burst from the COMPTEL data is alpha2000 = 12h 18m, delta2000 = -9 deg 42 min, consistent with independent CGRO-Burst and Transient Source Experiment (CGRO-BATSE) and Energetic Gamma Ray …
Sulfate And Msa In The Air And Snow On The Greenland Ice Sheet, J L. Jaffrezo, C Davidson, M Legrand, Jack E. Dibb
Sulfate And Msa In The Air And Snow On The Greenland Ice Sheet, J L. Jaffrezo, C Davidson, M Legrand, Jack E. Dibb
Earth Sciences
Sulfate and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentrations in aerosol, surface snow, and snowpit samples have been measured at two sites on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Seasonal variations of the concentrations observed for these chemical species in the atmosphere are reproduced in the surface snow and preserved in the snowpit sequence. The amplitude of the variations over a year are smaller in the snow than in the air, but the ratios of the concentrations are comparable. The seasonal variations for sulfate are different at the altitude of the Ice Sheet compared to those observed at sea level, with low concentrations in winter …
An Overview Of Solar Flare Results From Comptel, Mark L. Mcconnell
An Overview Of Solar Flare Results From Comptel, Mark L. Mcconnell
Space Science Center
The COMPTEL experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) has been operating in orbit since April of 1991. During that time, COMPTEL has observed several large flares, the most notable of which were several X‐class flares which took place in June of 1991. As a solar instrument, COMPTEL has the capability to measure solar flare radiation in two parallel observing modes. In its telescope mode, COMPTEL is capable of measuring both solar flare photons (in the 0.75–30 MeV range) and solar flare neutrons (in the 20–150 MeV range) using the double scatter technique with a field‐of‐view of ∼1 steradian. …
First Results Of The Batse/Comptel/Nmsu Rapid Burst Response Campaign, R M. Kippen, A Connors, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, W Collmar, J Greiner, V Schonfelder, M Varendorff, Gerald J. Fishman, C Meegan, C Kouveliotou, B Mcnamara, T Harrison, W Hermsen, L Kuiper, K Bennett, L O. Hanlon, C Winkler
First Results Of The Batse/Comptel/Nmsu Rapid Burst Response Campaign, R M. Kippen, A Connors, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, W Collmar, J Greiner, V Schonfelder, M Varendorff, Gerald J. Fishman, C Meegan, C Kouveliotou, B Mcnamara, T Harrison, W Hermsen, L Kuiper, K Bennett, L O. Hanlon, C Winkler
Space Science Center
The Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory regularly observes gamma‐ray bursts which occur inside the instrument’s ∼1 sr field‐of‐view. COMPTEL images bursts in the 0.75–30 MeV energy range with a typical location accuracy of 1–3 degrees, depending on burst strength, position, duration, and spectrum. COMPTEL’s imaging capability has been exploited in order to search for fading gamma‐ray burst counterparts at other wavelengths through the establishment of a BATSE/COMPTEL/NMSU rapid burst response campaign. This campaign utilizes near real‐time identification and preliminary burst location by BATSE, accelerated COMPTEL imaging, and a world‐wide network of observers to search …
Empirical Modeling Of The Quiet Time Nightside Magnetosphere, A. T. Y. Lui, Harlan E. Spence, D. P. Stern
Empirical Modeling Of The Quiet Time Nightside Magnetosphere, A. T. Y. Lui, Harlan E. Spence, D. P. Stern
Physics & Astronomy
Empirical modeling of plasma pressure and magnetic field for the quiet time nightside magnetosphere is investigated. Two models are constructed for this study. One model, referred to here as T89R, is basically the magnetic field model of Tsyganenko (1989) but is modified by the addition of an inner eastward ring current at a radial distance of ∼3 RE as suggested by observation. The other is a combination of the T89R model and the long version of the magnetic field model of Tsyganenko (1987) such that the former dominates the magnetic field in the inner magnetosphere, whereas the latter prevails in …
137cs Gamma-Ray Detection At Summit, Greenland, P. P. Dunphy, Jack E. Dibb
137cs Gamma-Ray Detection At Summit, Greenland, P. P. Dunphy, Jack E. Dibb
Earth Sciences
Global fall-out from atmospheric testing of thermonuclear weapons produced horizon markers corresponding to the initiation of testing in 1953 and the maximum fall-out in 1963. The radioactive isotope 137Cs associated with these events has a half-life of 30.2 years. Therefore, with the appropriate radiation detectors, this fall-out can be used as a long-term temporal indicator in glaciers and snowpack. A prototype γ-ray detector system was successfully tested and was used to make in-situ measurements of the 137Cs marker in a borehole at Summit, Greenland. The system consisted of a 7.6 cm by 7.6 cm NaI (Tl) scintillation crystal/photomultiplier detector, commercial …