Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Discrete Sparse Fourier Hermite Approximations In High Dimensions, Ashley Prater

Mathematics - Dissertations

In this dissertation, the discrete sparse Fourier Hermite approximation of a function in a specified Hilbert space of arbitrary dimension is defined, and theoretical error bounds of the numerically computed approximation are proven. Computing the Fourier Hermite approximation in high dimensions suffers from the well-known curse of dimensionality. In short, as the ambient dimension increases, the complexity of the problem grows until it is impossible to numerically compute a solution. To circumvent this difficulty, a sparse, hyperbolic cross shaped set, that takes advantage of the natural decaying nature of the Fourier Hermite coefficients, is used to serve as an index …

Early Permian Seawater From The Delta18o Record Of Fossil Bivalves: Seasonality And A Latitudinal Gradient, James Andrew Beard

Earth & Environmental Sciences - Theses

The transition from a glaciated world to one that was ice-free makes the early Permian a time interval that in many ways mirrors the present, and hence there is great interest in constraining paleoclimate conditions over that transition. A common method for estimating ancient temperatures uses the oxygen isotope composition of marine carbonate, but this approach becomes significantly more complicated prior to the Cretaceous due to uncertainties about diagenesis and the isotopic composition of seawater, which has been hypothesized to be more depleted than during the Cenozoic. I use stable isotope compositions of sequentially microsampled accretionary calcite from fossil bivalves …

Mechanism Of Action And Gold Nanoparticle Delivery Of Pt(Iv) Prodrugs Of Cisplatin, Yi Shi

Chemistry - Dissertations

The antitumor effects of platinum(IV) complexes, considered prodrugs for cisplatin, are believed to be due to biological reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II), with the reduction products binding to DNA and other cellular targets. In this work we used pBR322 DNA to capture the products of reduction of oxoplatin, c,t,c-[PtCl₂(OH)₂(NH₃)₂], 2, and a carboxylate-modified analog, c,t,c-[PtCl₂(OH)(O₂CCH₂CH₂CO₂H)(NH₃)₂], 3, by ascorbic acid (AsA) or glutathione (GSH). Since carbonate plays a significant role in the speciation of platinum …

The Path To An Orally Administered Protein Therapeutic For The Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus, Susan Clardy James

Chemistry - Dissertations

Protein therapeutics like insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues are currently used as injectable medications for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. An orally administered protein therapeutic is predicted to increase patient adherence to medication and bring a patient closer to metabolic norms through direct effects on hepatic glucose production. The major problem facing oral delivery of protein therapeutics is gastrointestinal tract hydrolysis/proteolysis and the inability to passage the enterocyte. Herein we report the potential use of vitamin B₁₂ for the oral delivery of protein therapeutics.

We first investigated the ability of insulin to accommodate the attachment of B₁₂ at …

Hydrothermal Chemistry Of The M(I,Ii)/Paha/Anion System, Kari Ann Darling

Chemistry - Dissertations

This research encompasses the detailed investigation of the design and synthesis of metal organic framework (MOF) materials involving the M(I,II)/ polyazaheterocycle/anion system in order to expand our understanding of the principles which render the chemistry more controllable and predictable. In addition, this research investigates the development of properties in these classes of compounds. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that hydrothermal reaction conditions of stoichiometry, pH, and temperature can influence the identity of the products.

The structural versatility of the M(I,II)/polyazaheterocycle/anion system for M = Cu(I,II), Co(II), Ni (II), Zn (II), and Cd(II) and where the anion is F^-, …

Nucleophilic Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions Of 2-Methylenetetrahydropyrans, Laura Jean Bateman

Chemistry - Dissertations

Reactions with 2-methylenetetrahydropyrans are underutilized in the literature, especially with respect to general methods demonstrating their nucleophilic nature. This work provides three general methods toward the synthesis of 2-β-oxygenated pyranyl substrates, which are key structural components of many biologically active polyketides and natural products.

The use of exocyclic enol ethers as nucleophiles was first demonstrated as a general process in three-component coupling reactions with secondary nucleophiles. The 2-β-hydroxy tetrahydropyran products were obtained in good to excellent yields through promotion with stoichiometric levels of titanium(IV) chloride at reduced temperatures. Only activated aldehydes or ketones worked as efficient coupling partners for this …

Synthesis, Design, And Biological Evaluation Of Inhibitors And Activators Of Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Inositol Phosphatase (Ship) And Synthetic Studies Of Apicularen A And Maoecrystal V, Dennis Racca Viernes

Chemistry - Dissertations

This dissertation involves work both on the syntheses of small molecules with potential therapeutic applications and synthetic studies on natural products with unusual core skeletons.

The first part of this work involves the synthesis, design, and biological evaluation of aminosteroids as inhibitors for the SH2-containing inositol phosphatase 1 (SHIP1). SHIP1, a 145 kDa protein, is involved in regulating the formation of new blood cells. High- throughput screening identified several SHIP inhibitors including NSC23922, a mixture of 3a- and 3β-aminocholestane. Both 3a- and 3β-aminocholestane were synthesized from dihdyrocholesterol and the 3a- form was verified as …

A Search For Wimp Dark Matter Using An Optimized Chi-Square Technique On The Final Data From The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment (Cdms Ii)., Manungu Joseph Kiveni

Physics - Dissertations

During the last two decades, cosmology has become a precision observational science thanks (in part) to the incredible number of experiments performed to better understand the composition of the universe. The large amount of data accumulated strongly indicates that the bulk of the universe’s matter is in the form of nonbaryonic matter that does not interact electromagnetically. Combined evidence from the dynamics of galaxies and galaxy clusters confirms that most of the mass in the universe is not composed of any known form of matter. Measurements of the cosmic microwave background, big bang nucleosynthesis and many other experiments indicate that …

Chemical Properties Of Forest Soils In The Catskills Region, Chris E. Johnson

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

The Clar Structure Of Fullerenes, Elizabeth Jane Hartung

Mathematics - Dissertations

A fullerene is a 3-regular plane graph consisting only of pentagonal and hexagonal faces. Fullerenes are designed to model carbon molecules. The Clar number and Fries number are two parameters that are related to the stability of carbon molecules. We introduce chain decompositions, a new method to find lower bounds for the Clar and Fries numbers. In Chapter 3, we define the Clar structure for a fullerene, a less general decomposition designed to compute the Clar number for classes of fullerenes. We use these new decompositions to understand the structure of fullerenes and achieve several results. In Chapter 4, …

Geochemical And 40ar/39ar Constraints On The Evolution Of Volcanism In The Woodlark Rift, Papua New Guinea, Joseph Paul Catalano

Earth & Environmental Sciences - Theses

The tectonic mechanisms producing Pliocene to active volcanism in eastern Papua New Guinea (PNG) have been debated for decades . In order to assess mechanisms that produce volcanism in the Woodlark Rift, we evaluate the evolution of volcanism in eastern PNG using 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology and whole rock geochemistry.

Active volcanism in southeastern Papua New Guinea occurs on the Papuan Peninsula (Mt. Lamington, Mt. Victory and Waiwa), in the Woodlark Rift (Dobu Island, SE Goodenough Island, and Western Fergusson Island), and in the Woodlark Basin . In the Woodlark Basin, seafloor spreading is active and decompression melting of the upper mantle …

Investigating The Utility Of Detrital Mineral Microchemistry And Radiogenic Isotope Compositions As Provenance Discriminators, Jack Hietpas

Earth & Environmental Sciences - Dissertations

The provenance of clastic sediments remains one of the key tools for understanding the complex dynamic history of the Earth. Detritus shed from ancient orogens may be the only evidence available for determining the timing, evolution, paleogeography, and existence of tectonic events active over the 4.56 Ga of Earth history. The focus of this dissertation research is to assess the strengths and limitations of existing, as well as novel, tools for determining the provenance of siliciclastic sediments.

The utility of detrital monazite crystallization ages was investigated as a provenance indicator in both modern and ancient sedimentary systems. The results from …

Sillica Nanoporous Materials Adsorption And Release Study, Gang Wang

Chemistry - Dissertations

The lower efficiency of the current common ways of delivering drugs to humans like oral administration and injection make it necessary to find more efficient delivery systems. In this regard, a class of nanostructured materials called mesoporous silicates such as MCM-41, SBA-15 has attracted the attention of many scientists as drug delivery vehicles for their outstanding features like high surface area, high porosity, well-ordered, tunable nanometer pores and "non-cytotoxic" properties.

In this dissertation, comparative investigations of the adsorption capacity and drug release properties of these materials whose surfaces were functionalized with judiciously chosen organic groups via either post-grafting or co-condensation …

Covalent Modification That Enhances Protein Properties And Functions And Folds Random Coil Into Alpha-Helix, Deepali Prashar

Chemistry - Dissertations

Understanding the fundamental science of aggregation and surface adsorption of proteins is critical for developing protein-based drugs, understanding aggregation-induced diseases and for preventing biofouling that impacts a wide range of industries. In spite of the advances in sensitive and high-throughput analytical methods, the commercialization of protein drugs has been impeded by poor solubility, inevitable aggregation, and difficulty in purification. The primary aim of this dissertation is to modify proteins covalently to induce folding in random coil sequences, prevent aggregation, surface adsorption and for increasing the thermal stability against aggregation of proteins.

The first chapter describes the chemistry for modifying the …

Linear Sigma Models In Qcd And S3 Symmetry For Neutrinos, Muhammad Naeem Shahid

Physics - Dissertations

This thesis has two parts with different topics in particle physics. In part I, we consider various linear sigma models and their applications to scalar mesons. It is shown that the tree amplitude for ππ scattering in the minimal linear sigma model has an exact expression which induces an infinite geometric series in which the pattern for both the I = 0 and I = 2 s-wave scattering lengths to orders $p^2$, $p^4$ and $p^6$ seems to agree with chiral perturbation theory predictions. The model is then gauged to study the mass differences between the vector meson and the axial …

Microstrip Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices For Quantum Information Science, Michael Paul Defeo

Physics - Dissertations

Quantum-limited amplification in the microwave frequency range is of both practical and fundamental importance. The weak signals corresponding to single microwave photons require substantial amplification to resolve. When probing quantum excitations of the electromagnetic field, the substantial noise produced by standard amplifiers dominates the signal, therefore, several averages must be accumulated to achieve even a modest signal-to-noise ratio. Even worse, the back-action on the system due to amplifier noise can hasten the decay of the quantum state. In recent years, low-noise microwave-frequency amplification has been advancing rapidly and one field that would benefit greatly from this is circuit quantum electrodynamics …

Front Burner

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Resilient Image Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Joohan Lee, Stephen Taylor

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship

The paper describes a distributed spectral-screening PCT algorithm for fusing hyper-spectral images in remote sensing applications. The algorithm provides intrusion tolerance from information warfare attacks using the notion of computational resiliency. This concept uses replication to achieve fault tolerance, but goes further to dynamically regenerate replication in response to an attack or failure. The concepts of resiliency are incorporated through library technology that is application independent. This library hides the details of communication protocols required to achieve dynamic replication and reconfiguration in distributed applications. The paper provides a status report on our progress in developing the concept and applying it …

A Concurrent Spectral-Screening Pct Algorithm For Remote Sensing Applications, Tiranee Achalakul, Stephen Taylor

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship

The paper presents a concurrent algorithm for remote sensing applications that provides significant performance and image quality enhancements over conventional uniprocessor PCT techniques. The algorithm combines spectral angle classification, principal component transform, and human centered color mapping. It is evaluated from an image quality perspective using images collected with the Hyper-spectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment (HYDICE) sensor, an airborne imaging spectrometer. These images correspond to foliated scenes taken from an altitude of 2000 to 7500 meters at wavelengths between 400nm and 2.5 micron. The scenes contain mechanized vehicles sitting in open fields as well as under camouflage. The algorithm operates …

Mathweb: A Concurrent Image Analysis Tool Suite For Multi-Spectral Data Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Peter D. Haaland, Stephen Taylor

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship

This paper describes a preliminary approach to the fusion of multi-spectral image data for the analysis of cervical cancer. The long-term goal of this research is to define spectral signatures and automatically detect cancer cell structures. The approach combines a multi-spectral microscope with an image analysis tool suite, MathWeb. The tool suite incorporates a concurrent Principal Component Transform (PCT) that is used to fuse the multi-spectral data. This paper describes the general approach and the concurrent PCT algorithm. The algorithm is evaluated from both the perspective of image quality and performance scalability.

Resilient Image Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Joohan Lee, Stephen Taylor

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship

The paper describes a distributed spectral-screening PCT algorithm for fusing hyper-spectral images in remote sensing applications. The algorithm provides intrusion tolerance from information warfare attacks using the notion of computational resiliency. This concept uses replication to achieve fault tolerance, but goes further to dynamically regenerate replication in response to an attack or failure. The concepts of resiliency are incorporated through library technology that is application independent. This library hides the details of communication protocols required to achieve dynamic replication and reconfiguration in distributed applications. The paper provides a status report on our progress in developing the concept and applying it …

Recovery Of Sensitive Watersheds In The Northeastern United States From Chronic Acidification: The Role Of Soil Chemistry, Chris E. Johnson

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Understanding How The Platinum Anticancer Drug Carboplatin Works: From The Bottle To The Cell, Anthony J. Di Pasqua, Jerry Goodisman, James C. Dabrowiak

Chemistry - All Scholarship

Carboplatin, a platinum anticancer drug used to treat many types of human cancer, contains a bidentate dicarboxylate chelate leaving ligand, a structural feature that makes it much less chemically reactive than the first-generation platinum anticancer drug cisplatin, which contains two monodentate chloride leaving ligands. In water, carboplatin exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium with an association constant of K (M ^-1) ≈ 391, a property that accounts for the long-term stability of its ready-to-use infusion solution. When administered in the clinic, carboplatin is believed to exert its biological effects by interacting with genomic DNA and proteins. The slower substitution kinetics …

Understanding How The Platinum Anticancer Drug Carboplatin Works: From The Bottle To The Cell, Jerry Goodisman, James C. Dabrowiak, Anthony J. Di Pasqua

Chemistry - All Scholarship

Carboplatin, a platinum anticancer drug used to treat many types of human cancer, contains a bidentate dicarboxylate chelate leaving ligand, a structural feature that makes it much less chemically reactive than the first-generation platinum anticancer drug cisplatin, which contains two monodentate chloride leaving ligands. In water, carboplatin exists in a monomer–dimer equilibrium with an association constant of K (M⁻¹) ≈ 391, a property that accounts for the long-term stability of its ready-to-use infusion solution. When administered in the clinic, carboplatin is believed to exert its biological effects by interacting with genomic DNA and proteins. The slower substitution kinetics …

Findchirp: An Algorithm For Detection Of Gravitational Waves From Inspiraling Compact Binaries, Bruce Allen, Warren G. Anderson, Patrick R. Brady, Duncan A. Brown, Jolien D E Creighton

Physics - All Scholarship

Matched-filter searches for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration use the FINDCHIRP algorithm: an implementation of the optimal filter with innovations to account for unknown signal parameters and to improve performance on detector data that has nonstationary and non-Gaussian artifacts. We provide details on the FINDCHIRP algorithm as used in the search for subsolar mass binaries, binary neutron stars, neutron star-black hole binaries, and binary black holes.

Measurement Of Neutron Radius In Lead By Parity Violating Scattering Flash Adc Daq, Ahmed Zafar

Physics - Dissertations

This dissertation reports the experiment PREx, a parity violation experiment which is designed to measure the neutron radius in ²⁰⁸Pb. PREx is performed in hall A of Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility from March 19th to June 21st. Longitudionally polarized electrons at energy 1 GeV scattered at and agnle of θl_ab = 5.8° from the Lead target. Beam corrected pairty violaing counting rate asymmetry is (A_corr = 594 ± 50(stat) ± 9(syst))ppb at Q² = 0.009068GeV^2.

This dissertation also presents the details of Flash ADC Data Acquisition(FADC DAQ) system …

Effective Field Theories In Cosmology, Riccardo Penco

Physics - Dissertations

During the last 20 years, a large amount of detailed cosmological observations have promoted cosmology to the rank of high-precision science. Remarkably, all the observations currently available can be accounted for by assuming that (i) the universe is approximately homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, (ii) gravitational interactions are described by General Relativity with a non-vanishing cosmological constant and (ii) 85% of the matter content of the universe is in the form of dark matter, a presently unknown type of matter which interacts with ordinary matter only gravitationally. Current theoretical efforts are focused on …

Development Of Spect And Ct Tomographic Image Reconstruction, Levon Orion Vogelsang

Physics - Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the advancement of statistically-based iterative reconstruction algorithms and protocols for both SPECT and micro CT data. Major contributions of this work to SPECT reconstruction include formulation and implementation of fully three-dimensional voxel-based system matrix in parallel-beam, fan-beam, and cone-beam collimator geometries while modeling the process of attenuation, system resolution and sensitivity. This is achieved by casting rays through a volume of voxels and using ray-voxel intersection lengths to determine approximate volume contributions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of reconstructed Monte Carlo data sets show that this is a very effective and efficient …

Synthesis Of Novel Alkaline Earth Tosylate Complexes Through Donor Studies, Adam J. Brooks

Honors Capstone Projects - All

Salt metathesis has become a critical reaction pathway in organometallic chemistry; however, for alkaline earth metals this process is hindered by the need of highly pure and expensive metal iodides as starting materials. This contribution highlights recent attempts to identify inexpensive reagents for salt metathesis. Alkaline earth-tosylates can be prepared cost effectively using p-toluenesulfonic acid in one-pot reactions in water. The coordinated water molecules can be removed by gentle heating under vacuum. The anhydrous tosylates, however, have major solubility limitations as the result of extensive aggregation networks. The goal of this study was to increase the solubility of the tosylates …

The Number Of Ways To Write N As A Sum Of ` Regular Figurate Numbers, Seth Jacob Rothschild

Honors Capstone Projects - All

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