Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Publication Year
Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Infinite-Randomness Fixed Point Of The Quantum Superconductor-Metal Transitions In Amorphous Thin Films, Nicholas A. Lewellyn, Ilana M. Percher, J. J. Nelson, Javier Garcia-Barriocanal, Irina Volotsenko, Aviad Frydman, Thomas Vojta, Allen M. Goldman
Infinite-Randomness Fixed Point Of The Quantum Superconductor-Metal Transitions In Amorphous Thin Films, Nicholas A. Lewellyn, Ilana M. Percher, J. J. Nelson, Javier Garcia-Barriocanal, Irina Volotsenko, Aviad Frydman, Thomas Vojta, Allen M. Goldman
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The magnetic-field-tuned quantum superconductor-insulator transitions of disordered amorphous indium oxide films are a paradigm in the study of quantum phase transitions and exhibit power-law scaling behavior. For superconducting indium oxide films with low disorder, such as the ones reported on here, the high-field state appears to be a quantum-corrected metal. Resistance data across the superconductor-metal transition in these films are shown here to obey an activated scaling form appropriate to a quantum phase transition controlled by an infinite-randomness fixed point in the universality class of the random transverse-field Ising model. Collapse of the field-dependent resistance vs temperature data is obtained …
Long-Range Interactions Of Hydrogen Atoms In Excited States. Iii. Ns−1s Interactions For N ≥ 3, Chandra M. Adhikari, V. Debierre, Ulrich D. Jentschura
Long-Range Interactions Of Hydrogen Atoms In Excited States. Iii. Ns−1s Interactions For N ≥ 3, Chandra M. Adhikari, V. Debierre, Ulrich D. Jentschura
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The long-range interaction of excited neutral atoms has a number of interesting and surprising properties such as the prevalence of long-range oscillatory tails and the emergence of numerically large van der Waals C6 coefficients. Furthermore, the energetically quasidegenerate nP states require special attention and lead to mathematical subtleties. Here we analyze the interaction of excited hydrogen atoms in nS states (3 ≤ n ≤ 12) with ground-state hydrogen atoms and find that the C6 coefficients roughly grow with the fourth power of the principal quantum number and can reach values in excess of 240000 (in atomic units) for states …
Long-Range Tails In Van Der Waals Interactions Of Excited-State And Ground-State Atoms, Ulrich D. Jentschura, V. Debierre
Long-Range Tails In Van Der Waals Interactions Of Excited-State And Ground-State Atoms, Ulrich D. Jentschura, V. Debierre
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
A quantum electrodynamic calculation of the interaction of an excited-state atom with a ground-state atom is performed. For an excited reference state and a lower-lying virtual state, the contribution to the interaction energy naturally splits into a pole term and a Wick-rotated term. The pole term is shown to dominate in the long-range limit, altering the functional form of the interaction from the retarded 1/R7 Casimir-Polder form to a long-range tail - provided by the Wick-rotated term - proportional to cos[2(Em - En)R/(ħc)]/R2, where Em < En is the energy of a virtual state, …
Vibrational Energy Levels Of The Simplest Criegee Intermediate (Ch₂Oo) From Full-Dimensional Lanczos, Mctdh, And Multimode Calculations, Hua-Gen Yu, Steve Alexandre Ndengué, Jun Li, Richard Dawes, Hua Guo
Vibrational Energy Levels Of The Simplest Criegee Intermediate (Ch₂Oo) From Full-Dimensional Lanczos, Mctdh, And Multimode Calculations, Hua-Gen Yu, Steve Alexandre Ndengué, Jun Li, Richard Dawes, Hua Guo
Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works
Accurate vibrational energy levels of the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO) were determined on a recently developed ab initio based nine-dimensional potential energy surface using three quantum mechanical methods. the first is the iterative Lanczos method using a conventional basis expansion with an exact Hamiltonian. the second and more efficient method is the multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method in which the potential energy surface is refit to conform to the sums-of-products requirement of MCTDH. Finally, the energy levels were computed with a vibrational self-consistent field/virtual configuration interaction method in MULTIMODE. the low-lying levels obtained from the three methods are …
Kinetic Isotope Effect Of The ¹⁶O+³⁶O₂ And ¹⁸O+³²O₂ Isotope Exchange Reactions: Dominant Role Of Reactive Resonances Revealed By An Accurate Time-Dependent Quantum Wavepacket Study, Zhigang Sun, Dequan Yu, Wenbo Xie, Jiayi Hou, Richard Dawes, Hua Guo
Kinetic Isotope Effect Of The ¹⁶O+³⁶O₂ And ¹⁸O+³²O₂ Isotope Exchange Reactions: Dominant Role Of Reactive Resonances Revealed By An Accurate Time-Dependent Quantum Wavepacket Study, Zhigang Sun, Dequan Yu, Wenbo Xie, Jiayi Hou, Richard Dawes, Hua Guo
Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works
The O + O2 isotope exchange reactions play an important role in determining the oxygen isotopic composition of a number of trace gases in the atmosphere, and their temperature dependence and kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) provide important constraints on our understanding of the origin and mechanism of these and other unusual oxygen KIEs important in the atmosphere. This work reports a quantum dynamics study of the title reactions on the newly constructed Dawes-Lolur-Li-Jiang-Guo (DLLJG) potential energy surface (PES). The thermal reaction rate coefficients of both the 18O + 32O2 and 16O + 36O2 reactions obtained using the …
Spectroscopy And Dynamics Of The Predissociated, Quasi-Linear S₂ State Of Chlorocarbene, Chong Tao, Craig A. Richmond, Calvin Mukarakate, Scott H. Kable, George B. Bacskay, Eric C. Brown, Richard Dawes, Phalgun Lolur, Scott A. Reid
Spectroscopy And Dynamics Of The Predissociated, Quasi-Linear S₂ State Of Chlorocarbene, Chong Tao, Craig A. Richmond, Calvin Mukarakate, Scott H. Kable, George B. Bacskay, Eric C. Brown, Richard Dawes, Phalgun Lolur, Scott A. Reid
Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works
In this work, we report on the spectroscopy and dynamics of the quasi-linear S2 state of chlorocarbene, CHCl, and its deuterated isotopologue using optical-optical double resonance (OODR) spectroscopy through selected rovibronic levels of the S1 state. This study, which represents the first observation of the S2 state in CHCl, builds upon our recent examination of the corresponding state in CHF, where pronounced mode specificity was observed in the dynamics, with predissociation rates larger for levels containing bending excitation. In the present work, a total of 14 S2 state vibrational levels with angular momentum 1 were observed …
Non-Fermi Liquid Transport And "Universal" Ratios In Quantum Griffiths Phases, David Nozadze, Thomas Vojta
Non-Fermi Liquid Transport And "Universal" Ratios In Quantum Griffiths Phases, David Nozadze, Thomas Vojta
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We use the semi-classical Boltzmann equation to investigate transport properties such as electrical resistivity, thermal resistivity, thermopower, and the Peltier coefficient of disordered metals close to an antiferromagnetic quantum phase transition. In the quantum Griffiths phase, the electrons are scattered by spin-fluctuations in the rare regions. This leads to singular temperature dependencies not just at the quantum critical point, but in the entire Griffiths phase. We show that the resulting non-universal power-laws in transport properties are controlled by the same Griffiths exponent λ which governs the thermodynamics. λ takes the value zero at the quantum critical point and increases throughout …
Fully Differential Cross Section For Four Body Charge Transfer Process, Ujjal Chowdhury, Allison L. Harris, Jerry Peacher, Don H. Madison
Fully Differential Cross Section For Four Body Charge Transfer Process, Ujjal Chowdhury, Allison L. Harris, Jerry Peacher, Don H. Madison
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Recently experimental fully differential cross sections (FDCS) have been reported for double capture in proton helium collisions which disagree with existing theoretical calculations by two orders of magnitude. We introduce here a theoretical model for charge transfer processes which is fully quantum mechanical and takes all post collision interactions (PCI) between the particles into account exactly. The results of this model are in much better agreement with experimental data.
Manipulating Atomic Fragmentation Processes By Controlling The Projectile Coherence, Kisra N. Egodapitiya, Sachin D. Sharma, Ahmad Hasan, Aaron C. Laforge, Don H. Madison, Robert Moshammer, Michael Schulz
Manipulating Atomic Fragmentation Processes By Controlling The Projectile Coherence, Kisra N. Egodapitiya, Sachin D. Sharma, Ahmad Hasan, Aaron C. Laforge, Don H. Madison, Robert Moshammer, Michael Schulz
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We have measured the scattering angle dependence of cross sections for ionization in p+H2 collisions for a fixed projectile energy loss. Depending on the projectile coherence, interference due to indistinguishable diffraction of the projectile from the two atomic centers was either present or absent in the data. This shows that, due to the fundamentals of quantum mechanics, the preparation of the beam must be included in theoretical calculations. The results have far-reaching implications on formal atomic scattering theory because this critical aspect has been overlooked for several decades.
Relic Gravitons On Kasner-Like Branes, Marco Cavaglia, G. De Risi, M. Gasperini
Relic Gravitons On Kasner-Like Branes, Marco Cavaglia, G. De Risi, M. Gasperini
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We discuss the cosmological amplification of tensor perturbations in a simple example of brane-world scenario, in which massless gravitons are localized on a higher-dimensional Kasner-like brane embedded in a bulk AdS background. Particular attention is paid to the canonical normalization of the quadratic action describing the massless and massive vacuum quantum fluctuations, and to the exact mass-dependence of the amplitude of massive fluctuations on the brane. The perturbation equations can be separated. In contrast to de Sitter models of brane inflation, we find no mass gap in the spectrum and no enhancement for massless modes at high curvature. The massive …
Approximately Self-Similar Critical Collapse In 2+1 Dimensions, Marco Cavaglia, Gerard Clement, Alessandro Fabbri
Approximately Self-Similar Critical Collapse In 2+1 Dimensions, Marco Cavaglia, Gerard Clement, Alessandro Fabbri
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Critical collapse of a self-gravitating scalar field in a (2+1)-dimensional spacetime with negative cosmological constant seems to be dominated by a continuously self-similar solution of the field equations without cosmological constant. However, previous studies of linear perturbations in this background were inconclusive. We extend the continuously self-similar solutions to solutions of the field equations with negative cosmological constant, and analyze their linear perturbations. The extended solutions are characterized by a continuous parameter. A suitable choice of this parameter seems to improve the agreement with the numerical results. We also study the dynamics of the apparent horizon in the extended background.
Probing Scattering Wave Functions Close To The Nucleus, Don H. Madison, Daniel Fischer, Matthew S. Foster, Michael Schulz, Robert Moshammer, Stephenie J. Jones, Joachim Hermann Ullrich
Probing Scattering Wave Functions Close To The Nucleus, Don H. Madison, Daniel Fischer, Matthew S. Foster, Michael Schulz, Robert Moshammer, Stephenie J. Jones, Joachim Hermann Ullrich
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Recently, three-dimensional imaging of the ejected electrons following 100 MeV/amu C6+ single ionization of helium led to the observation of a new structure not predicted by theory [M. Schulz et al., Nature (London) 422, 48 (2003)]. Instead of the usual “recoil lobe” centered on the momentum-transfer axis, a ring-shaped structure centered on the beam axis was observed. New measurements at 2 MeV/amu exhibit a similar structure, which is now predicted by theory. We argue that the same theory failed at 100 MeV/amu because the faster projectiles probe distances much closer to the nucleus, where our multiple-scattering model is expected …
Tev Black Hole Fragmentation And Detectability In Extensive Air Showers, Eun-Joo Ahn, Maximo Ave, Marco Cavaglia, Angela V. Olinto
Tev Black Hole Fragmentation And Detectability In Extensive Air Showers, Eun-Joo Ahn, Maximo Ave, Marco Cavaglia, Angela V. Olinto
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
In models with large extra dimensions, particle collisions with a center-of-mass energy larger than the fundamental gravitational scale can generate nonperturbative gravitational objects. Since cosmic rays have been observed with energies above 108 TeV, gravitational effects in the TeV energy range can, in principle, be observed by ultrahigh energy cosmic ray detectors. We consider the interaction of ultrahigh energy neutrinos in the atmosphere and compare extensive air showers from TeV black hole formation and fragmentation with standard model processes. Departures from the standard model predictions arise in the interaction cross sections and in the multiplicity of secondary particles. Large …
Disorder-Induced Rounding Of Certain Quantum Phase Transitions, Thomas Vojta
Disorder-Induced Rounding Of Certain Quantum Phase Transitions, Thomas Vojta
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We study the influence of quenched disorder on quantum phase transitions in systems with overdamped dynamics. For Ising order-parameter symmetry disorder destroys the sharp phase transition by rounding because a static order parameter can develop on rare spatial regions. This leads to an exponential dependence of the order parameter on the coupling constant. At finite temperatures the static order on the rare regions is destroyed. This restores the phase transition and leads to a double exponential relation between critical temperature and coupling strength. We discuss the behavior based on Lifshitz-tail arguments and illustrate the results by simulations of a model …
Perturbative And Nonperturbative Calculations Of Electron-Hydrogen Ionization, Stephenie J. Jones, Don H. Madison, Mark D. Baertschy
Perturbative And Nonperturbative Calculations Of Electron-Hydrogen Ionization, Stephenie J. Jones, Don H. Madison, Mark D. Baertschy
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We compare calculations of the fully differential cross section for ionization of atomic hydrogen by electron impact using two different theories-the perturbative CDW-EIS (continuum distorted wave with eikonal initial state) approximation and the nonperturbative ECS (exterior complex scaling) method. For this comparison, we chose an impact energy of 54.4 eV, since this is near the lowest energy that our perturbative approach would be applicable and near the highest energy that can be tackled by the ECS method with our present computational resources. For the case of equal-energy outgoing electrons investigated here, the two theories predict nearly identical results except that …
Local Versus Nonlocal Order-Parameter Field Theories For Quantum Phase Transitions, Dietrich Belitz, Theodore R. Kirkpatrick, Thomas Vojta
Local Versus Nonlocal Order-Parameter Field Theories For Quantum Phase Transitions, Dietrich Belitz, Theodore R. Kirkpatrick, Thomas Vojta
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
General conditions are formulated that allow us to determine which quantum phase transitions in itinerant electron systems can be described by a local Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson (LGW) theory solely in terms of the order parameter. A crucial question is the degree to which the order parameter fluctuations couple to other soft modes. Three general classes of zero-wave-number order parameters, in the particle-hole spin-singlet and spin-triplet channels and in the particle-particle channel, respectively, are considered. It is shown that the particle-hole spin-singlet class does allow for a local LGW theory, while the other two classes do not. The implications of this result for …
Effect Of Rare Locally Ordered Regions On A Disordered Itinerant Quantum Antiferromagnet With Cubic Anisotropy, Rajesh S. Narayanan, Thomas Vojta
Effect Of Rare Locally Ordered Regions On A Disordered Itinerant Quantum Antiferromagnet With Cubic Anisotropy, Rajesh S. Narayanan, Thomas Vojta
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We study the quantum phase transition of an itinerant antiferromagnet with cubic anisotropy in the presence of quenched disorder, paying particular attention to the locally ordered spatial regions that form in the Griffiths region. We derive an effective action where these rare regions are described in terms of static annealed disorder. A one-loop renormalization-group analysis of the effective action shows that for order-parameter dimensions p<4, the rare regions destroy the conventional critical behavior, and the renormalized disorder flows to infinity. For order-parameter dimensions p>4, the critical behavior is not influenced by the rare regions; it is described by the conventional dirty cubic fixed point. We also discuss the influence of the rare regions on the fluctuation-driven first-order transition …
Open Strings, 2d Gravity, And Ads/Cft Correspondence, Mariano Cadoni, Marco Cavaglia
Open Strings, 2d Gravity, And Ads/Cft Correspondence, Mariano Cadoni, Marco Cavaglia
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We present a detailed discussion of the duality between dilaton gravity on AdS2 and open strings. The correspondence between the two theories is established using their symmetries and field theoretical, thermodynamic, and statistical arguments. We use the dual conformai field theory to describe two-dimensional black holes. In particular, all the semiclassical features of the black holes, including the entropy, have a natural interpretation in terms of the dual microscopic conformai dynamics. The previous results are discussed in the general framework of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory dualities.
Two-Dimensional Black Holes As Open Strings: A New Realization Of The Ads/Cft Correspondence, Mariano Cadoni, Marco Cavaglia
Two-Dimensional Black Holes As Open Strings: A New Realization Of The Ads/Cft Correspondence, Mariano Cadoni, Marco Cavaglia
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We show that weak-coupled two-dimensional dilation gravity on anti-de Sitter space can be described by the dynamics of an open string. Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the string lead two different realizations of the anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory correspondence. In particular, in the Dirichlet case the thermodynamical entropy of two-dimensional black holes can be exactly reproduced by counting the string states.
Electric Field Controlled, Pulsed Autoionization In Two Electron Wave Packets, J. Greg Story, Heider N. Ereifej
Electric Field Controlled, Pulsed Autoionization In Two Electron Wave Packets, J. Greg Story, Heider N. Ereifej
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
In this paper, control of the evolution of a two electron wave packet through the application of a static electric field is demonstrated. Specifically, application of a small electric field is used to produce pulsed autoionization events, the timing of which can be controlled on a picosecond time scale. The technique is demonstrated by exciting calcium atoms using a short-pulsed laser to the 4p3/219d doubly excited state, which is energy degenerate with the 4p1/2nk stark states. Evolution of the resultant wave packet is monitored through the application of a second short laser pulse, which stimulates the …
Transport Anomalies And Marginal Fermi-Liquid Effects At A Quantum Critical Point, Dietrich Belitz, Theodore R. Kirkpatrick, Rajesh S. Narayanan, Thomas Vojta
Transport Anomalies And Marginal Fermi-Liquid Effects At A Quantum Critical Point, Dietrich Belitz, Theodore R. Kirkpatrick, Rajesh S. Narayanan, Thomas Vojta
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The conductivity and the tunneling density of states of disordered itinerant electrons in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic transition at low temperature are discussed. Critical fluctuations lead to nonanalytic frequency and temperature dependencies that are distinct from the usual long-time tail effects in a disordered Fermi liquid. The crossover between these two types of behavior is proposed as an experimental check of recent theories of the quantum ferromagnetic critical behavior. In addition, the quasiparticle properties at criticality are shown to be those of a marginal Fermi liquid.
Direct Measurement Of Oscillations Between Degenerate Two-Electron Bound-State Configurations In A Rapidly Autoionizing System, Heider N. Ereifej, J. Greg Story
Direct Measurement Of Oscillations Between Degenerate Two-Electron Bound-State Configurations In A Rapidly Autoionizing System, Heider N. Ereifej, J. Greg Story
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
In this paper we report a direct observation of the oscillation between bound-state configurations in a rapidly autoionizing system. Calcium atoms were excited to a pure 4p3/2nd two-electron configuration using a 500-fsec laser pulse. The initial 4p3/2nd doubly excited state is energy degenerate with the 4p1/2n'd states and several continuum channels. Because of the short-pulse excitation, the initial state of the atom is not an energy eigenstate, but a nonstationary wave packet. As a result, oscillations between the two bound configurations were produced. These oscillations were measured by scanning the timing of a second …