Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Scenario Of Rainfall Erosivity Index Research, D .V. Pandit1, R. K. Isaac2

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Rainfall erosivity index is an important index to evaluate the soil loss due to rainfall. Rainstorm plays a paramount role in surface sealing, runoff and erosion process. Research on rainfall erosivity index is important in understanding the mechanism of soil erosion processes. This paper gives a scenario on the important research work done by the scientists to evaluate the erosivity index by using various methods and approaches. The aim of this paper was also to highlight that methodology of the scientists which they have used to get the appropriate erosivity index value for their study. The quality and representativeness of …

Soil Chemistry On Watershed 1: 1998 - 2014, Chris E. Johnson

Chris E Johnson

No abstract provided.

Meteorologiczne Determinanty Jakości Powietrza W Krakowie, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Mateusz Rzeszutek, Agata Kot

Robert Oleniacz

Air quality in the Agglomeration of Krakow is determined by many factors, which include, among others, unfavorable location and the resulting meteorological conditions unfavorable for self-cleaning of ambient air. The paper presents a few examples illustrating the impact of selected meteorological factors on some pollutant concentrations in the air in Krakow. Among these, special attention was paid to the ambient air temperature (indirectly influencing the level of air emissions from the municipal sector in the winter season) as well as the wind speed and the mixing layer height. On the basis performed analyzes were to draw conclusions on meteorological restrictions …

Assessment Of Pollutants In Streams Around A Cement Plant In Central Nigeria, Fanan Ujoh Ph.D, Muhammad Mamman Alhassan Ph.D

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

The study assessed the chemical and heavy metals content in surface water samples collected at 9 points from 3 different streams within a radius of 5 kilometers to the factory, and an additional control water sample collected from a stream at Tarhembe, 12 kilometers from the factory. Laboratory analyses were conducted for 18 parameters, while mean, maximum and minimum values, and standard deviation for all parameters tested were derived using SPSS Version 15. Using the WHO (2011) Guidelines for Drinking Water, the concentration levels of pollutants in water samples were determined for all 18 parameters to establish whether or not …

Is Horizon Sampling More Powerful Than Depth Sampling?, Chris E. Johnson

Chris E Johnson

No abstract provided.

Contemporary Environmental Issues Of Landfill Leachate: Assessment & Remedies, Sumona Mukherjee Ms, Soumyadeep Mukhopadhyay Dr, Mohd Ali Hashim Dr, Bhaskar Sen Gupta Dr

Soumyadeep Mukhopadhyay Dr

Landfills are the primary option for waste disposal all over the world. Most of the landfill sites across the world are old and are not engineered to prevent contamination of the underlying soil and groundwater by the toxic leachate. The pollutants from landfill leachate have accumulative and detrimental effect on the ecology and food chains leading to carcinogenic effects, acute toxicity and genotoxicity among human beings. Management of this highly toxic leachate presents a challenging problem to the regulatory authorities who have set specific regulations regarding maximum limits of contaminants in treated leachate prior to disposal into the environment to …

Attributes Of Topographic Mapping Of A Fast Urbanising Area In Nigeria, Using Remote Sensing And Gis, Olarewajo Oluseyi Ifatimehin Ph.D, Fanan Ujoh Ph.D, Patrick S.U. Eneche

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

Aims: To produce an updated 1:25,000 topographic map of Anyigba through the application of geospatial technologies – GIS techniques, Remote Sensing data, GPS and other ancillary hardware and software. Study Design: Application of satellite imageries and GIS software for the production of updated topographic map of Anyigba Town in Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: GIS Laboratory, Department of Geography and Planning, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria, between April and July 2012. Methodology: Satellite image processing, classification and vectorization, visually-aided interpretation, digitization and geocoding of features, using ArcGIS 9.2, ILWIS 3.3 Academia, AutoCAD 2010 and Microsoft Excel 2010 software. Results: …

Will Hubbard Brook Soils Be A Source Or Sink Of Carbon In A Changing Climate?, Chris E. Johnson

Chris E Johnson

No abstract provided.

Semi-Automated Classification Of Gray Scale Aerial Photographs Using Geographic Object Based Image Analysis (Geobia) Technique, Ahmed Harb Rabia, Fabio Terribile

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Aerial photography is an important source of high resolution remotely sensed data. Before 1970, aerial photographs were the only remote sensing data source for land use and land cover classification. Using these old aerial photographs improve the final output of land use and land cover change detection. However, classic techniques of aerial photographs classification like manual interpretation or screen digitization require great experience, long processing time and vast effort. A new technique needs to be developed in order to reduce processing time and effort and to give better results. Geographic object based image analysis (GEOBIA) is a newly developed area …

Land Suitability Analysis For Policy Making Assistance: A Gis Based Land Suitability Comparison Between Surface And Drip Irrigation Systems, Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia, H. Figueredo, T. L. Huong, B. A. A. Lopez,, H. W. Solomon, V. Alessandro

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Land suitability assessment for irrigation is a very important tool not only in terms of agriculture development planning, but also to overcome the global problem of water scarcity. The aim of this study is to spatially evaluate land suitability of the study area, Kilte Awulaelo district in Ethiopia, for surface and drip irrigation methods based on GIS and remote sensing approaches. This work has been done as a part of the 29th Course Professional Master in Istituto Agronomico per l’Oltremare, Florence, Italy. Final suitability maps show the irregularity of suitability classes’ distribution over the study area. Results show that only …

Introducing A New Parametric Concept For Land Suitability Assessment, Ahmed Harb Rabia

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

In an ecosystem, there is need to establish the quantity and quality of resources and their suitability for a certain range of land uses in order to assure its future productivity and sustainability of biodiversity. Parametric methods are widely used for land suitability evaluation. A new parametric concept “equation” of land suitability evaluation has been proposed to improve results of land suitability evaluation. Land suitability assessment for wheat production was conducted in order to compare results of the suggest method with classical parametric methods. Organic matter, CaCO3, pH, Slope, texture, drainage, depth, EC and altitude were recognized as factors affecting …

Socio-Environmental Considerations At The Usuma Reservoir In Abuja, Nigeria, Fanan Ujoh Mr, James Ikyernum Mr, Olarewaju O. Ifatimehin Dr

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

Reservoirs are Man’s attempt towards water re-distribution from regions/seasons of abundance/surplus to regions/seasons of scarcity. This study focuses on socio-environmental impacts of the Lower Usuma dam in Abuja, on its four surrounding communities. Stratified random sampling technique was employed in the administration of a questionnaire to 200 respondents. Using descriptive statistics and the student t-test for the analysis, the study discovered that: (i) there has been no significant improvement in infrastructure provision by Government; (ii) cases of water-borne diseases are high; (iii) the communities have lost land for cultivation; and, (iv) the communities believe that the resettlement scheme is not …

Mapping The Surface Characteristics Of The Mojave With Remote Sensing For Terrestrial Habitat Modeling, Scott A. Nowicki

Scott A Nowicki

High-resolution ecological and climate modeling requires quantification of surface characteristics such as rock abundance, soil induration and surface roughness at fine-scale, since these features can affect the micro and macro habitat of a given area and ultimately determine the assemblage of plant and animal species that may occur there. Our objective is to develop quantitative data layers of thermophysical properties of the entire Mojave Desert Ecoregion for applications to habitat modeling being conducted by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center. These research efforts are focused on developing habitat models and a better physical understanding of the Mojave Desert, which have …

Do We Really Need New Policies? A Study On Soil Sealing In Egypt, Ahmed Harb Rabia

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Egypt has the lowest area of agricultural land per individual in Africa. The agricultural land stands for a total of approximately 3.5 million ha which characterized about 3.5% of the total area of Egypt in 2007. The urban encroachment over arable productive agricultural land in Egypt is common and is called (urban desertification). Therefore, the annual loss of arable land to urbanization is 1.2%. This indicates a serious situation to the agricultural area. the Academy of Scientific Research & Technology (1994) has reported that during the period from 1978 to 1984, the annual expansion rates of the dwelling area ranged …

Zawartość Węgla I Siarki W Pyle Pm2,5 I Pm10 W Powietrzu W Centrum Krakowa, Monika Dziugieł, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur

Robert Oleniacz

This paper presents the results of the PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration measurements in an urban air and results obtained from the additional chemical analysis concerning carbon and sulfur content of the collected dust samples. Dust samples were collected at the measuring point located on the roof of five-storey building at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, Poland (the center of the urban area of the city). In the scope of this study the relations between the carbon and sulfur content within the collected dust samples were determined in the function of the dust fraction content and …

Ultimate Detectability Of Volatile Organic Compounds: How Much Further Can We Reduce Their Ambient Air Sample Volumes For Analysis?, Ki-Hyun Kim

Ki-Hyun Kim

To understand the ultimately lowest detection range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air, application of a high sensitivity analytical system was investigated by coupling thermal desorption (TD) technique with gas chromatography (GC) and time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The performance of the TD-GC-TOF MS system was evaluated using liquid standards of 19 target VOCs prepared in the range of 35 pg to 2.79 ng per μL. Studies were carried out using both total ion chromatograms (TIC) and extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) mode. EIC mode was used for calibration to reduce background and to improve signal to noise. …

Chemical Properties Of Forest Soils In The Catskills Region, Chris E. Johnson

Chris E Johnson

No abstract provided.

Mapping Soil Erosion Risk Using Rusle, Gis And Remote Sensing Techniques, Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Soil erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas like Ethiopia, including Tigray Highlands, which is highly affected by the risk of desertification. Tackling on-site effects of soil erosion requires understanding of the rates of soil loss as well as identification of the major controlling factors that accelerate or slow down these processes. The study aims to quantify the soil loss by erosion process and to specify the main factor affecting the Erosion development in the study area. The Study area was Kilte Awulaelo District which is situated in the eastern part of …

Modeling Of Soil Sealing By Urban Sprawl In Wukro, Ethiopia Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques, Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Soil sealing is the covering of the soil surface with materials like concrete and stone, as a result of new buildings, roads, parking places but also other public and private space. Soil sealing by urban sprawl continues to increase all over the world where the area of urbanized land is increasing even more rapidly than the population. The degree of sealing is associated to the land use type and the density of population. Techniques of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) have been used widely to measure urban sprawl and to analyze the spatial features and unique mechanism of …

Gis Spatial Modeling For Land Degradation Assessment In Tigray, Ethiopia., Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Land degradation can be described as reduction in the present and prospective land quality and production, due to natural or anthropogenic dynamics. This phenomenon is one of the most important problems facing farmers and decision makers in several countries. This study aims to use GIS spatial modeling to quantify land (physically and chemically) degradation in the study area based on remotely sensed and field survey’s data. A GIS spatial model has been developed based on the LADA- FAO methodology to apply a land degradation assessment in the study area. Final land degradation map has been produced by combining the outputs …

Impact Of Signal-To-Noise Ratio In A Hyperspectral Sensor On The Accuracy Of Biophysical Parameter Estimation In Case Ii Waters, Wesley J. Moses, Jeffrey H. Bowles, Robert L. Lucke, Michael R. Corson

Wesley Moses

Errors in the estimated constituent concentrations in optically complex waters due solely to sensor noise in a spaceborne hyperspectral sensor can be as high as 80% or more. The goal of this work is to elucidate the effect of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the accuracy of retrieved constituent concentrations. The large variation in the magnitude and spectral shape of the measured signal due to the wide range of constituent concentrations in coastal waters complicate the impact of SNR on the accuracy of estimation. Due to the low reflectance of water, especially in the near infrared region, the actual SNR encountered …

Soil Chemistry And The Recovery Of Sensitive Watersheds From Chronic Acidification, Chris E. Johnson

Chris E Johnson

No abstract provided.

The Process Of Closing Down Rural Landfills Case Study : Neamț County, Liviu Apostol, Florin C. Mihai

Florin C MIHAI

Landfilling is the main method for municipal waste disposal in Romania. Access to sanitation services are limited on rural territory and that leads to uncontrolled waste disposal with negative implications on the geosystem. Implementation of EU acquis on waste disposal from rural areas requires local authorities to close the landfills by July 16, 2009 . Following this deadline, municipalities are obliged to provide waste collection and transportation to the existing urban landfills. Under these conditions,this article is proposing a territorial review of closing and rehabilitation of rural landfills from Neamt county. Also, this paper analyzed the existing environmental dysfunctions supported …

Pomiary Liczby I Wielkości Cząstek Aerozoli W Powietrzu Miejskim Z Wykorzystaniem Metody Optoelektronicznej, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Monika Dziugieł

Robert Oleniacz

In the paper some measurement results of number and size for aerosols particles suspended in air achieved using infrared particle sizer IPS-P (Kamika Instruments) with isokinetic air sampling method were presented. In IPS-P analyzer, with measuring range from 0,4 to 300 μm, is applied optical/electronic measurement method which is determined by dimensions of measurement space by aerosols particles motions in a parallel radiation beam. The research was conducted on the roof of four-storey building in Krakow for various meteorological conditions. Results achieved for measured parameters were analysed in terms of selected meteorological factors influence.

English title: Number and size measurements …

An Examination Of The Impact Of Air From China On Summertime Air Quality In Japan Before, During, And After The Beijing Olympics, Gary A. Morris, Hajime Akimoto, Masayuki Takigawa, Jun Hirokawa, Fumio Hasebe, Masatomo Fujiwara, Koji Miyagawa, Nicholay Krotkov, Jacquie Witte, Yugo Kanaya, Nathan Kellams, Ted Pietrzak

Gary A. Morris

During July – September 2008 pollution controls in China associated with the Beijing Olympics led to emissions reductions of up to 43%, as observed by NASA satellite instruments. Pollution from China has an impact on air quality throughout East Asia. In this poster, we examine the impact of China's pollution on Japan through the use of Aura satellite data (2005 – 2009), ozonesonde data (2000 – 2009), and data from air quality surface monitors (2000 – 2009). We also examine the year-to-year variability in meteorological flow regimes through trajectory model simulations of transport to Japan from the areas around Beijing …

An Analysis Of Temperature Variations Using Remote Sensing Approach In Lokoja Area, Fanan Ujoh Mr, Olarewaju O. Ifatimehin Mr, Sunday Ishaya Mr

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

This study investigates the thermal variations of the different land use/cover types in urban Lokoja town retrieved from Landsat TM imagery of 1987. Band 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the imagery were used in the classification, estimation of NDVI, land surface emissivity values, and satellite sensor temperature. The Qin et al’s mono window algorithm was employed to obtain the land surface temperatures of the different land use/cover types classified. The results indicate that there is a significant variation in temperatures among the different land use/cover types in Lokoja. The built up area and the vacant area have the highest …

The Southeastern Coastal Plain: An Overview, Lee J. Florea, H L. Vacher

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

Florida enjoys the highest density of large springs in North America (Scott et al., 2004); Silver Springs is just one of the 33 first-magnitude springs (mean flow greater than 100 cfs (2.8 m3/s), and there are hundreds of smaller springs (Fig. 6.2; see Meinzer, 1927, and Scott et al., 2004). They are supplied by spectacular underwater caves that are internationally recognized in the cave-diving community. Less well known are the many air-filled caves of the region (see Florea, 2006; Moore, 2006; Lane 1986). Though generally smaller than their aquatic counterparts, their beauty can rival the world’s best show caves. This …

The Cumberland Plateau Of Eastern Kentucky, Larry C. Simpson, Lee J. Florea

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

Eastern Kentucky contains almost the same Mississippian limestones that appear at Mammoth Cave in south-central Kentucky (Chapter 3). To the east these strata dip below the Appalachian Basin and reappear as the Greenbrier Group in the Virginias. The limestone outcrop in eastern Kentucky follows the western margin of the Cumberland Plateau and forms a ragged ribbon of karst that is continuous from southeastern Ohio through Kentucky and Tennessee and into northern Alabama. There are more than 2,000 documented caves comprising over 470 km of surveyed passage in the Kentucky segment of the Cumberland Plateau (Fig. 2.115). At least 14 are …

Caves And Karst Of West-Central Florida, Lee J. Florea, David Budd, Robert Brinkmann

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

The real west-central Florida is far from the “Sunshine State” image of white sand beaches and palm trees. Gently rolling hills, dense jungle-like forests, pine and palmetto scrublands, impenetrable cypress swamps, and alligator-laden rivers are more common. Numerous crystal-clear springs offer a glimpse of the hidden world below – a world that could challenge the most imaginative Disney artists (Fig. 6.17).

An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Land Use/Cover Change On The Surface Temperature Of Lokoja Town, Nigeria, Fanan Ujoh Mr, Olarewaju O. Ifatimehin Mr, John Y. Magaji Dr

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

This research integrated remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identified land use/cover types in Lokoja, including their temporal transformation and association with surface temperatures from the LandSat TM and LandSat ETM imageries of 1987 and 2001 respectively. As the built-up area increased in size (2667.6%) so was the surface temperature (6.48oC), vacant land (872%: 9.65oC), cultivated land (104.4%: 1.2oC) and water bodies (64.3%:0.94oC) while vegetation cover increased by 2.44oC while its area extent decreased (316.7%). These changes were responsible for the rise in the mean surface temperature from 38.39oC in 1987 to 42.61oC in 2001, indicating a 4.22oC …