Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (Gaplanets)—Results From A 6 Yr Campaign To Image Accreting Protoplanets, Katherine B. Follette, Laird M. Close, Jared R. Males, Kimberly Ward-Duong, William O. Balmer, Jéa Adams Redai, Julio Morales, Catherine Sarosi, Beck Dacus, Robert J. De Rosa, Fernando Garcia Toro, Clare Leonard, Bruce Macintosh, Katie M. Morzinski, Wyatt Mullen, Joseph Palmo, Raymond Nzaba Saitoti, Elijah Spiro, Helena Treiber, Kevin Wagner, Jason Wang, David Wang, Alex Watson, Alycia J. Weinberger

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Accreting protoplanets are windows into planet formation processes, and high-contrast differential imaging is an effective way to identify them. We report results from the Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS), which collected Hα differential imagery of 14 transitional disk host stars with the Magellan Adaptive Optics System. To address the twin challenges of morphological complexity and point-spread function instability, GAPlanetS required novel approaches for frame selection and optimization of the Karhounen-Loéve Image Processing algorithm pyKLIP. We detect one new candidate, CS Cha “c,” at a separation of 68 mas and a modest Δmag of 2.3. We recover the HD 142527 B …

Testing The Interaction Between A Substellar Companion And A Debris Disk In The Hr 2562 System, Stella Yimiao Zhang, Gaspard Duchêne, Robert J. De Rosa, Megan Ansdell, Quinn Konopacky, Thomas Esposito, Eugene Chiang, Malena Rice, Brenda Matthews, Paul Kalas, Bruce Macintosh, Franck Marchis, Stan Metchev, Jenny Patience, Julien Rameau, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Schuyler Wolff, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Vanessa P. Bailey, Travis S. Barman, Joanna Bulger, Christine H. Chen, Jeffrey K. Chilcotte, Tara Cotten, René Doyon, Katherine B. Follette, Benjamin L. Gerard, Stephen Goodsell, James R. Graham, Alexandra Z. Greenbaum, Pascale Hibon, Li Wei Hung

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The HR 2562 system is a rare case where a brown dwarf companion resides in a cleared inner hole of a debris disk, offering invaluable opportunities to study the dynamical interaction between a substellar companion and a dusty disk. We present the first ALMA observation of the system as well as the continued Gemini Planet Imager monitoring of the companion's orbit with six new epochs from 2016 to 2018. We update the orbital fit, and in combination with absolute astrometry from GAIA, place a 3σ upper limit of 18.5 M J on the companion's mass. To interpret the ALMA observations, …

Aggregate Effects Of Proliferating Low-Earth-Orbit Objects And Implications For Astronomical Data Lost In The Noise, John C. Barentine, Aparna Venkatesan, Jessica Heim, James Lowenthal, Miroslav Kocifaj, Salvador Bará

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The rising population of artificial satellites and associated debris in low-altitude orbits is increasing the overall brightness of the night sky, threatening ground-based astronomy as well as a diversity of stakeholders and ecosystems reliant on dark skies. We present calculations of the potentially large rise in global sky brightness from space objects in low Earth orbit, including qualitative and quantitative assessments of how professional astronomy may be affected. Debris proliferation is of special concern: we calculate that all log-decades in debris size contribute approximately the same amount of night sky radiance, so debris-generating events are expected to lead to a …

Correlating Changes In Spot Filling Factors With Stellar Rotation: The Case Of Lkca 4, Facundo Pérez Paolino, Jeffrey S. Bary, Michael S. Petersen, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, Katherine B. Follette, Heidi Mach

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We present a multi-epoch spectroscopic study of LkCa 4, a heavily spotted non-accreting T Tauri star. Using SpeX at NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), 12 spectra were collected over five consecutive nights, spanning ≈1.5 stellar rotations. Using the IRTF SpeX Spectral Library, we constructed empirical composite models of spotted stars by combining a warmer (photosphere) standard star spectrum with a cooler (spot) standard weighted by the spot filling factor, f spot. The best-fit models spanned two photospheric component temperatures, T phot = 4100 K (K7V) and 4400 K (K5V), and one spot component temperature, T spot = 3060 K (M5V) …

Direct Discovery Of The Inner Exoplanet In The Hd 206893 System: Evidence For Deuterium Burning In A Planetary-Mass Companion, S. Hinkley, S. Lacour, G. D. Marleau, A. M. Lagrange, J. J. Wang, J. Kammerer, A. Cumming, M. Nowak, L. Rodet, T. Stolker, W. O. Balmer, S. Ray, M. Bonnefoy, P. Mollière, C. Lazzoni, G. Kennedy, C. Mordasini, R. Abuter, S. Aigrain, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Torres, C. Babusiaux, M. Benisty, J. P. Berger, H. Beust, S. Blunt, A. Boccaletti, Kimberly Ward-Huong, Et Al

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Aims. HD 206893 is a nearby debris disk star that hosts a previously identified brown dwarf companion with an orbital separation of ~ 10 au. Long-Term precise radial velocity (RV) monitoring, as well as anomalies in the system proper motion, has suggested the presence of an additional, inner companion in the system. Methods. Using information from ongoing precision RV measurements with the HARPS spectrograph, as well as Gaia host star astrometry, we have undertaken a multi-epoch search for the purported additional planet using the VLTI/GRAVITY instrument. Results. We report a high-significance detection over three epochs of the companion HD 206893c, …

The Jwst Early-Release Science Program For Direct Observations Of Exoplanetary Systems Ii: A 1 To 20 Μm Spectrum Of The Planetary-Mass Companion Vhs 1256-1257 B, Brittany E. Miles, Beth A. Biller, Polychronis Patapis, Kadin Worthen, Emily Rickman, Kielan K.W. Hoch, Andrew Skemer, Marshall D. Perrin, Niall Whiteford, Christine H. Chen, B. Sargent, Sagnick Mukherjee, Caroline V. Morley, Sarah E. Moran, Mickael Bonnefoy, Simon Petrus, Aarynn L. Carter, Elodie Choquet, Sasha Hinkley, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Jarron M. Leisenring, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Laurent Pueyo, Shrishmoy Ray, Steph Sallum, Karl R. Stapelfeldt, Jordan M. Stone, Jason J. Wang, Olivier Absil, William O. Balmer, Anthony Boccaletti, Mariangela Bonavita

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We present the highest fidelity spectrum to date of a planetary-mass object. VHS 1256 b is a (∼8″, a = 150 au), young, planetary-mass companion that shares photometric colors and spectroscopic features with the directly imaged exoplanets HR 8799c, d, and e. As an L-to-T transition object, VHS 1256 b exists along the region of the color-magnitude diagram where substellar atmospheres transition from cloudy to clear. We observed VHS 1256 b with JWST's NIRSpec IFU and MIRI MRS modes for coverage from 1 to 20 μm at resolutions of ∼1000-3700. Water, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sodium, and potassium are …

The Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (Gaplanets): Optimization Techniques For Robust Detections Of Protoplanets, Jéa I. Adams Redai, Katherine B. Follette, Jason Wang, Clare Leonard, William Balmer, Laird M. Close, Beck Dacus, Jared R. Males, Katie M. Morzinski, Joseph Palmo, Laurent Pueyo, Elijah Spiro, Helena Treiber, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Alex Watson

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

High-contrast imaging has afforded astronomers the opportunity to study light directly emitted by adolescent (tens of megayears) and “proto” (<10 >Myr) planets still undergoing formation. Direct detection of these planets is enabled by empirical point-spread function (PSF) modeling and removal algorithms. The computational intensity of such algorithms, as well as their multiplicity of tunable input parameters, has led to the prevalence of ad hoc optimization approaches to high-contrast imaging results. In this work, we present a new, systematic approach to optimization vetted using data of the high-contrast stellar companion HD 142527 B from the Magellan Adaptive Optics Giant Accreting Protoplanet …

Spatially Resolved Imaging Of The Inner Fomalhaut Disk Using Jwst/Miri, András Gáspár, Schuyler Grace Wolff, George H. Rieke, Jarron M. Leisenring, Jane Morrison, Kate Y.L. Su, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Jonathan Aguilar, Marie Ygouf, Charles Beichman, Jorge Llop-Sayson, Geoffrey Bryden

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Planetary debris disks around other stars are analogous to the asteroid and Kuiper belts in the Solar System. Their structure reveals the configuration of small bodies and provides hints for the presence of planets. The nearby star Fomalhaut hosts one of the most prominent debris disks, resolved by the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, Herschel and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Images of this system at mid-infrared wavelengths using JWST/MIRI not only show the narrow Kuiper belt-analogue outer ring, but also that (1) what was thought from indirect evidence to be an asteroid-analogue structure is instead broad, extending outward into the …

The Jwst Early Release Science Program For The Direct Imaging And Spectroscopy Of Exoplanetary Systems, Sasha Hinkley, Aarynn L. Carter, Shrishmoy Ray, Andrew Skemer, Beth Biller, Elodie Choquet, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Stephanie Sallum, Brittany Miles, Niall Whiteford, Polychronis Patapis, Marshall Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Glenn Schneider, Karl Stapelfeldt, Jason Wang, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Brendan P. Bowler, Anthony Boccaletti, Julien H. Girard, Dean Hines, Paul Kalas, Jens Kammerer, Pierre Kervella, Jarron Leisenring, Eric Pantin, Yifan Zhou, Michael Meyer, Michael C. Liu, Mickael Bonnefoy, Thayne Currie, Michael Mcelwain

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The direct characterization of exoplanetary systems with high-contrast imaging is among the highest priorities for the broader exoplanet community. As large space missions will be necessary for detecting and characterizing exo-Earth twins, developing the techniques and technology for direct imaging of exoplanets is a driving focus for the community. For the first time, JWST will directly observe extrasolar planets at mid-infrared wavelengths beyond 5 μm, deliver detailed spectroscopy revealing much more precise chemical abundances and atmospheric conditions, and provide sensitivity to analogs of our solar system ice-giant planets at wide orbital separations, an entirely new class of exoplanet. However, in …

Passages: The Large Millimeter Telescope And Alma Observations Of Extremely Luminous High-Redshift Galaxies Identified By The Planck, Derek A. Berman, Min S. Yun, K. C. Harrington, P. Kamieneski, J. Lowenthal, B. L. Frye, Q. D. Wang, G. W. Wilson, I. Aretxaga, M. Chavez, R. Cybulski, V. De La Luz, N. Erickson, D. Ferrusca, D. H. Hughes, A. Montaña, G. Narayanan, D. Sánchez-Argüelles, F. P. Schloerb, K. Souccar, E. Terlevich, R. Terlevich, J. A. Zavala

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyze Gravitationally-lensed Extreme Starbursts project aims to identify a population of extremely luminous galaxies using the Planck all-sky survey and to explore the nature of their gas fuelling, induced starburst, and the resulting feedback that shape their evolution. Here, we report the identification of 22 high-redshift luminous dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z = 1.1-3.3 drawn from a candidate list constructed using the Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer all-sky survey. They are confirmed through follow-up dust continuum imaging and CO spectroscopy using AzTEC and the Redshift Search Receiver on the …

Near-Infrared Accretion Signatures From The Circumbinary Planetary-Mass Companion Delorme 1 (Ab)B, S. K. Betti, K. B. Follette, K. Ward-Duong, Y. Aoyama, G. D. Marleau, J. Bary, C. Robinson, M. Janson, W. Balmer, G. Chauvin, P. Palma-Bifani

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Accretion signatures from bound brown dwarf and protoplanetary companions provide evidence for ongoing planet formation, and accreting substellar objects have enabled new avenues to study the astrophysical mechanisms controlling the formation and accretion processes. Delorme 1 (AB)b, a ?1/430-45 Myr circumbinary planetary-mass companion, was recently discovered to exhibit strong Hα emission. This suggests ongoing accretion from a circumplanetary disk, somewhat surprising given canonical gas disk dispersal timescales of 5-10 Myr. Here, we present the first NIR detection of accretion from the companion in Paβ, Pa?3, and Br?3 emission lines from SOAR/TripleSpec 4.1, confirming and further informing its accreting nature. The …

Improved Orbital Constraints And Hα Photometric Monitoring Of The Directly Imaged Protoplanet Analog Hd 142527 B, William O. Balmer, Katherine B. Follette, Laird M. Close, Jared R. Males, Robert J. De Rosa, Jeá I. Adams Redai, Alex Watson, Alycia J. Weinberger, Katie M. Morzinski, Julio Morales, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Laurent Pueyo

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Companions embedded in the cavities of transitional circumstellar disks have been observed to exhibit excess luminosity at Hα, an indication that they are actively accreting. We report 5 yr (2013-2018) of monitoring of the position and Hα excess luminosity of the embedded, accreting low-mass stellar companion HD 142527 B from the MagAO/VisAO instrument. We use pyklip, a Python implementation of the Karhunen-Loeve Image Processing algorithm, to detect the companion. Using pyklip forward modeling, we constrain the relative astrometry to 1-2 mas precision and achieve sufficient photometric precision (±0.2 mag, 3% error) to detect changes in the Hα contrast of the …

Images Of Embedded Jovian Planet Formation At A Wide Separation Around Ab Aurigae, Thayne Currie, Kellen Lawson, Glenn Schneider, Wladimir Lyra, John Wisniewski, Carol Grady, Olivier Guyon, Motohide Tamura, Takayuki Kotani, Hajime Kawahara, Timothy Brandt, Taichi Uyama, Takayuki Muto, Ruobing Dong, Tomoyuki Kudo, Jun Hashimoto, Misato Fukagawa, Kevin Wagner, Julien Lozi, Jeffrey Chilcote, Taylor Tobin, Tyler Groff, Kimberly Ward-Duong, William Januszewski, Barnaby Norris, Peter Tuthill, Nienke Van Der Marel, Michael Sitko, Vincent Deo, Sebastien Vievard, Nemanja Jovanovic, Frantz Martinache

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Direct images of protoplanets embedded in disks around infant stars provide the key to understanding the formation of gas giant planets such as Jupiter. Using the Subaru Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope, we find evidence for a Jovian protoplanet around AB Aurigae orbiting at a wide projected separation (~93 au), probably responsible for multiple planet-induced features in the disk. Its emission is reproducible as reprocessed radiation from an embedded protoplanet. We also identify two structures located at 430–580 au that are candidate sites of planet formation. These data reveal planet formation in the embedded phase and a protoplanet discovery …

The Dense Gas Mass Fraction And The Relationship To Star Formation In M51, Mark Heyer, Benjamin Gregg, Daniela Calzetti, Bruce G. Elmegreen, Robert Kennicutt, Angela Adamo, Aaron S. Evans, Kathryn Grasha, James D. Lowenthal, Gopal Narayanan, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, F. P. Schloerb, Kamal Souccar, Yuping Tang, Peter Teuben, Olga Vega, William F. Wall, Min S. Yun

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Observations of 12CO J = 1 - 0 and HCN J = 1 - 0 emission from NGC 5194 (M51) made with the 50 m Large Millimeter Telescope and the SEQUOIA focal plane array are presented. Using the HCN-to-CO ratio, we examine the dense gas mass fraction over a range of environmental conditions within the galaxy. Within the disk, the dense gas mass fraction varies along the spiral arms but the average value over all spiral arms is comparable to the mean value of interarm regions. We suggest that the near-constant dense gas mass fraction throughout the disk arises from …

Alma Discovery Of A Disk Around The Planetary-Mass Companion Sr 12 C, Ya Lin Wu, Brendan P. Bowler, Patrick D. Sheehan, Laird M. Close, Joshua A. Eisner, William M.J. Best, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Zhaohuan Zhu, Adam L. Kraus

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We report an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 0.88 mm (Band 7) continuum detection of the accretion disk around SR 12 c, an ∼11 M Jup planetary-mass companion (PMC) orbiting its host binary at 980 au. This is the first submillimeter detection of a circumplanetary disk around a wide PMC. The disk has a flux density of 127 ± 14 μJy and is not resolved by the ∼0.″1 beam, so the dust disk radius is likely less than 5 au and can be much smaller if the dust continuum is optically thick. If, however, the dust emission is optically thin, then …

The Case For Space Environmentalism, Andy Lawrence, Meredith L. Rawls, Moriba Jah, Aaron Boley, Federico Di Vruno, Simon Garrington, Michael Kramer, Samantha Lawler, James Lowenthal, Jonathan Mcdowell, Mark Mccaughrean

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The shell bound by the Karman line at a height of ~80–100 km above the Earth’s surface and geosynchronous orbit at ~36,000 km is defined as the orbital space surrounding the Earth. It is within this region, and especially in low Earth orbit, where environmental issues are becoming urgent because of the rapid growth of the anthropogenic space object population, including satellite ‘mega-constellations’. In this Perspective, we summarize the case for considering the orbital space around the Earth as an additional ecosystem, subject to the same care and concerns, and the same broad regulations as the oceans and the atmosphere, …

Dark And Quiet Skies Ii Working Group Reports:, James Lowenthal, Connie Walker, Piero Benvenuti

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

This Report presents the main results of the Conference “Dark and Quiet Skies for Science and Society II” which took place on-line on 3–7 October 2021. This conference was the logical follow-up of the first one, organized as an on-line workshop with the same title on 5–9 October 2020. Both conferences were co-organized by UNOOSA, IAU and the Government of Spain and were well attended. The focus of the second conference was about the feasibility of implementing the recommendations presented by the first one in its extensive report. The main qualifying difference between the first and the second conferences was …

Long-Term Rotational Evolution Of The Stis Ccd Flatfields, Kimberly Ward-Huong, S. Lockwood, J. Debes, R. J. De Rosa

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We confirm a long-term rotational drift of 0.0031 degrees/year of the STIS CCD based upon analysis of 50CCD flatfields spanning over 20 years of calibration data. Using the dust motes present in the flatfields, we extract the positions of the motes in each image, allowing us to develop a catalog of stable, high ‘signal-to-noise’ mote features and track their relative positions over time. We find that the motes appear to be moving at the aforementioned rate relative to an approximate center of rotation located at X=468.02, Y=411.18 in detector pixel coordinates. Given the relatively large errors in centroiding the unusually-shaped …

Performance Of Near-Infrared High-Contrast Imaging Methods With Jwst From Commissioning, Jens Kammerer, Julien Girard, Aarynn L. Carter, Marshall D. Perrin, Rachel Cooper, Deepashri Thatte, Thomas Vandal, Jarron Leisenring, Jason Wang, William O. Balmer, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Laurent Pueyo, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Ben Sunnquist, Jéa Adams Redai

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will revolutionize the field of high-contrast imaging and enable both the direct detection of Saturn-mass planets and the characterization of substellar companions in the mid-infrared. While JWST will feature unprecedented sensitivity, angular resolution will be the key factor when competing with ground-based telescopes. Here, we aim to characterize the performance of several extreme angular resolution imaging techniques available with JWST in the 3-5 µm regime based on data taken during the instrument commissioning. Firstly, we introduce custom tools to simulate, reduce, and analyze JWST NIRCam and MIRI coronagraphy data and use these tools to …

Direct Imaging & Spectroscopy Of Exoplanetary Systems With The Jwst Early Release Science Program, Sasha Hinkley, Aarynn L. Carter, Shrishmoy Ray, Beth Biller, Andrew Skemer, Elodie Choquet, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Stephanie Sallum, Brittany Miles, Niall Whiteford, Polychronis Patapis, Marshall Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Karl Stapelfeldt, Jason Wang, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Julien H. Girard, Dean Hines, Jens Kammerer, Jarron Leisenring, Yifan Zhou, Michael Meyer, Michael C. Liu, Mickael Bonnefoy, Simon Petrus, Mariangela Bonavita, Gael Chauvin, Christine Chen, Thayne Currie, Kielan K.W. Hoch, Cecilia Lazzoni, Elisabeth C. Matthews

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The direct characterization of exoplanetary systems with high contrast imaging is among the highest priorities for the broader exoplanet community. As large space missions will be necessary for detecting and characterizing exo-Earth twins, developing the techniques and technology for direct imaging of exoplanets is a driving focus for the community. For the first time, JWST will directly observe extrasolar planets at mid-infrared wavelengths beyond 5 μm, deliver detailed spectroscopy revealing much more precise chemical abundances and atmospheric conditions, and provide sensitivity to analogs of our solar system ice-giant planets at wide orbital separations, an entirely new class of exoplanet. However, …

Satcon2: Community Engagement Working Group Report, Aparna Venkatesan, J. D. Lowenthal, Doug Arion, Fernando Avila Castro, Michele Bannister, John Barentine, David Begay, Juan-Carlos Chavez, Sally Carttar, Et Al

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The SATCON2 Community Engagement Working Group aimed to engage a broad and diverse swath of stakeholders in dark skies and near-Earth space who are impacted by large mega-constellations of tens of thousands of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, beyond professional astronomy alone. The working group consisted of 22 members across 23 time zones including professional and amateur astronomers, members of sovereign Indigenous/First Nations communities, dark-sky advocates, planetarium professionals, and environmental/ecological non-governmental organizations. We set out to work together towards a new and effective conceptual, ethical, legal, and regulatory framework for the protection and sustainability of space and the night sky as …

The Mass Of Β Pictoris C From Β Pictoris B Orbital Motion, S. Lacour, J. J. Wang, L. Rodet, M. Nowak, J. Shangguan, H. Beust, A. M. Lagrange, R. Abuter, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Torres, M. Benisty, J. P. Berger, S. Blunt, A. Boccaletti, A. Bohn, M. L. Bolzer, M. Bonnefoy, H. Bonnet, G. Bourdarot, W. Brandner, F. Cantalloube, P. Caselli, B. Charnay, G. Chauvin, E. Choquet, V. Christiaens, Y. Clénet, V. Coudé Du Foresto, A. Cridland, R. Dembet, J. Dexter, P. T. De Zeeuw, K. Ward-Duong, Et Al

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Aims. We aim to demonstrate that the presence and mass of an exoplanet can now be effectively derived from the astrometry of another exoplanet. Methods. We combined previous astrometry of β Pictoris b with a new set of observations from the GRAVITY interferometer. The orbital motion of β Pictoris b is fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations in Jacobi coordinates. The inner planet, β Pictoris c, was also reobserved at a separation of 96 mas, confirming the previous orbital estimations. Results. From the astrometry of planet b only, we can (i) detect the presence of β Pictoris c and …

Gravity K-Band Spectroscopy Of Hd 206893 B, Jens Kammerer, S. Lacour, T. Stolker, P. Mollière, D. K. Sing, E. Nasedkin, Pierre Kervella, J. J. Wang, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Et Al

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Context. Near-infrared interferometry has become a powerful tool for studying the orbital and atmospheric parameters of substellar companions.

Aims. We aim to reveal the nature of the reddest known substellar companion HD 206893 B by studying its near-infrared colors and spectral morphology and by investigating its orbital motion. Methods. We fit atmospheric models for giant planets and brown dwarfs and perform spectral retrievals with petitRADTRANS and ATMO on the observed GRAVITY, SPHERE, and GPI spectra of HD 206893 B. To recover its unusual spectral features, first and foremost its extremely red near-infrared color, we include additional extinction by high-altitude dust …

Constraining The Nature Of The Pds 70 Protoplanets With Vlti/Gravity, J. J. Wang, A. Vigan, S. Lacour, M. Nowak, T. Stolker, R. J. De Rosa, S. Ginzburg, P. Gao, R. Abuter, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Torres, M. Bauböck, M. Benisty, J. P. Berger, H. Beust, J. L. Beuzit, S. Blunt, A. Boccaletti, A. Bohn, M. Bonnefoy, H. Bonnet, W. Brandner, F. Cantalloube, P. Caselli, B. Charnay, G. Chauvin, E. Choquet, V. Christiaens, Y. Clénet, V. Coudé Du Foresto, A. Cridland, P. T. De Zeeuw, K. Ward-Duong, Et Al

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/ GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 μas precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricity for PDS 70 b of 0.17 ± 0.06, a near-circular orbit for PDS 70 c, and an orbital configuration that is consistent with the planets migrating into a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Enforcing dynamical stability, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the …

Turbulent Gas In Lensed Planck-Selected Starbursts At Z ∼ 1-3.5, Kevin C. Harrington, Axel Weiss, Min S. Yun, Benjamin Magnelli, C. E. Sharon, T. K.D. Leung, A. Vishwas, Q. D. Wang, D. T. Frayer, E. F. Jiménez-Andrade, D. Liu, P. García, E. Romano-Díaz, B. L. Frye, S. Jarugula, T. Bǎdescu, D. Berman, H. Dannerbauer, A. Díaz-Sánchez, L. Grassitelli, P. Kamieneski, W. J. Kim, A. Kirkpatrick, J. D. Lowenthal, H. Messias, J. Puschnig, G. J. Stacey, P. Torne, F. Bertoldi

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Dusty star-forming galaxies at high redshift (1 < z < 3) represent the most intense star-forming regions in the universe. Key aspects to these processes are the gas heating and cooling mechanisms, and although it is well known that these galaxies are gas-rich, little is known about the gas excitation conditions. Only a few detailed radiative transfer studies have been carried out owing to a lack of multiple line detections per galaxy. Here we examine these processes in a sample of 24 strongly lensed star-forming galaxies identified by the Planck satellite (LPs) at z ∼ 1.1-3.5. We analyze 162 CO rotational transitions (ranging from J up = 1 to 12) and 37 atomic carbon fine-structure lines ([C i]) in order to characterize the physical conditions of the gas in the sample of LPs. We simultaneously fit the CO and [C i] lines and the dust continuum emission, using two different non-LTE, radiative transfer models. The first model represents a two-component gas density, while the second assumes a turbulence-driven lognormal gas density distribution. These LPs are among the most gas-rich, IR-luminous galaxies ever observed (μL L IR(8-1000 μm) ∼ 1013-14.6 L⊙; «μLMISM» = (2.7 ± 1.2) × 1012 Mo˙ with μL ∼ 10-30 the average lens magnification factor). Our results suggest that the turbulent interstellar medium present in the LPs can be well characterized by a high turbulent velocity dispersion («ΔVturb» ∼ 100 km s-1) and ratios of gas kinetic temperature to dust temperature «T kin/T d» ∼ 2.5, sustained on scales larger than a few kiloparsecs. We speculate that the average surface density of the molecular gas mass and IR luminosity, Σ ∼ 103-4 M o˙ pc-2 and Σ ∼ 1011-12 L o˙ kpc-2, arise from both stellar mechanical feedback and a steady momentum injection from the accretion of intergalactic gas.

Gemini Planet Imager Spectroscopy Of The Dusty Substellar Companion Hd 206893 B, Kimberly Ward-Duong, J. Patience, K. Follette, R. J.De Rosa, J. Rameau, M. Marley, D. Saumon, E. L. Nielsen, A. Rajan, A. Z. Greenbaum, J. Lee, J. J. Wang, I. Czekala, G. Duch Ne, B. Macintosh, S. Mark Ammons, V. P. Bailey, T. Barman, J. Bulger, C. Chen, J. Chilcote, T. Cotten, R. Doyon, T. M. Esposito, M. P. Fitzgerald, B. L. Gerard, S. J. Goodsell, J. R. Graham, P. Hibon, J. Hom, L. W. Hung, P. Ingraham

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We present new near-infrared Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) spectroscopy of HD 206893 B, a substellar companion orbiting within the debris disk of its F5V star. The J, H, K1, and K2 spectra from GPI demonstrate the extraordinarily red colors of the object, confirming it as the reddest substellar object observed to date. The significant flux increase throughout the infrared presents a challenging atmosphere to model with existing grids. Best-fit values vary from 1200 to 1800 K for effective temperature and from 3.0 to 5.0 for log(g), depending on which individual wavelength band is fit and which model suite is applied. …

Direct Confirmation Of The Radial-Velocity Planet Β Pictoris C, M. Nowak, S. Lacour, A. M. Lagrange, P. Rubini, J. Wang, T. Stolker, R. Abuter, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Torres, M. Bauböck, M. Benisty, J. P. Berger, H. Beust, S. Blunt, A. Boccaletti, M. Bonnefoy, H. Bonnet, W. Brandner, F. Cantalloube, B. Charnay, E. Choquet, V. Christiaens, Y. Clénet, V. Coudé Du Foresto, A. Cridland, P. T. De Zeeuw, R. Dembet, J. Dexter, A. Drescher, G. Duvert, A. Eckart, F. Eisenhauer, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Et Al

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Context. Methods used to detect giant exoplanets can be broadly divided into two categories: indirect and direct. Indirect methods are more sensitive to planets with a small orbital period, whereas direct detection is more sensitive to planets orbiting at a large distance from their host star. This dichotomy makes it difficult to combine the two techniques on a single target at once. Aims. Simultaneous measurements made by direct and indirect techniques offer the possibility of determining the mass and luminosity of planets and a method of testing formation models. Here, we aim to show how long-baseline interferometric observations guided by …

Multiband Polarimetric Imaging Of Hr 4796a With The Gemini Planet Imager, Pauline Arriaga, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Gaspard Duchêne, Paul Kalas, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Marshall D. Perrin, Christine H. Chen, Johan Mazoyer, Mark Ammons, Vanessa P. Bailey, Trafis S. Barman, Joanna Bulger, Jeffrey K. Chilcote, Tara Cotten, Robert J. De Rosa, Rene Doyon, Thomas M. Esposito, Katherine B. Follette, Benjamin L. Gerard, Stephen Goodsell, James R. Graham, Alexandra Z. Greenbaum, Pascale Hibon, Justin Hom, Li Wei Hung, Patrick Ingraham, Quinn M. Konopacky, Bruce A. Macintosh, Jérôme Maire, Franck Marchis, Mark S. Marley, Christian Marois, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Et Al

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

HR4796A hosts a well-studied debris disk with a long history due to its high fractional luminosity and favorable inclination, which facilitate both unresolved and resolved observations. We present new J-and K 1-band images of the resolved debris disk HR4796A taken in the polarimetric mode of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). The polarized intensity features a strongly forward-scattered brightness distribution and is undetected at the far side of the disk. The total intensity is detected at all scattering angles and also exhibits a strong forward-scattering peak. We use a forward-modeled geometric disk in order to extract geometric parameters, polarized fraction, and …

Multiband Gpi Imaging Of The Hr 4796a Debris Disk, Christine Chen, Johan Mazoyer, Charles A. Poteet, Bin Ren, Gaspard Duch Ne, Justin Hom, Pauline Arriaga, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Jessica Arnold, Vanessa P. Bailey, Juan Sebastián Bruzzone, Jeffrey Chilcote, Lodie Choquet, Robert J. De Rosa, Zachary H. Draper, Thomas M. Esposito, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Katherine B. Follette, Pascale Hibon, Dean C. Hines, Paul Kalas, Franck Marchis, Brenda Matthews, Julien Milli, Jennifer Patience, Marshall D. Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Abhijith Rajan, Fredrik T. Rantakyrö, Timothy J. Rodigas, Gael M. Roudier, Glenn Schneider, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Et Al

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We have obtained Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) J-, H-, K1-, and K2-Spec observations of the iconic debris ring around the young, main-sequence star HR 4796A. We applied several point-spread function (PSF) subtraction techniques to the observations (Mask-and-Interpolate, RDI-NMF, RDI-KLIP, and ADI-KLIP) to measure the geometric parameters and the scattering phase function for the disk. To understand the systematic errors associated with PSF subtraction, we also forward-modeled the observations using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework and a simple model for the disk. We found that measurements of the disk geometric parameters were robust, with all of our analyses yielding consistent …

Debris Disk Results From The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's Polarimetric Imaging Campaign, Thomas M. Esposito, Paul Kalas, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Gaspard Duch Ne, Jennifer Patience, Justin Hom, Marshall D. Perrin, Robert J. De Rosa, Eugene Chiang, Ian Czekala, Bruce Macintosh, James R. Graham, Megan Ansdell, Pauline Arriaga, Sebastian Bruzzone, Joanna Bulger, Christine H. Chen, Tara Cotten, Ruobing Dong, Zachary H. Draper, Katherine B. Follette, Li Wei Hung, Ronald Lopez, Brenda C. Matthews, Johan Mazoyer, Stan Metchev, Julien Rameau, Bin Ren, Malena Rice, Inseok Song, Kevin Stahl, Et Al, Kimberly Ward-Duong

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We report the results of a ∼4 yr direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Exoplanet Survey. We targeted nearby (≲150 pc), young (≲500 Myr) stars with high infrared (IR) excesses (L IR/L ∗ > 10-5), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the GPI high-contrast integral field spectrograph in H-band (1.6 μm) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and 3 protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for …