Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- Music (5)
- Memory (3)
- Appetite (2)
- Auditory (2)
- Tunes (2)
-
- Cognitive (1)
- Dietary fat (1)
- Discrimation (1)
- Familiar (1)
- Familiar songs (1)
- Flavor preferences (1)
- Flavor-nutrient conditioning (1)
- Food intake (1)
- Food preferences (1)
- Food sensory evaluation (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Meal size (1)
- Melodic structure (1)
- Music expertise (1)
- Music notation (1)
- Music perception (1)
- Nutrient sensing (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- Pitch (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Psychophysical (1)
- Rats (1)
- Rhythm (1)
- Rhythm patterns (1)
- Satiation (1)
Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms
Sensory-Specific Appetition: Postingestive Detection Of Glucose Rapidly Promotes Continued Consumption Of A Recently Encountered Flavor, Kevin P. Myers, Marisa S. Taddeo, Emily K. Richards
Sensory-Specific Appetition: Postingestive Detection Of Glucose Rapidly Promotes Continued Consumption Of A Recently Encountered Flavor, Kevin P. Myers, Marisa S. Taddeo, Emily K. Richards
Faculty Journal Articles
It is generally thought that macronutrients stimulate intake when sensed in the mouth (e.g., sweet taste) but as food enters the GI tract its effects become inhibitory, triggering satiation processes leading to meal termination. Here we report experiments extending recent work (see [1]) showing that under some circumstances nutrients sensed in the gut produce a positive feedback effect, immediately promoting continued intake. In one experiment, rats with intragastric (IG) catheters were accustomed to consuming novel flavors in saccharin daily while receiving water infused IG (5 ml/15 min). The very first time glucose (16% w/w) was infused IG instead of water, …
Rats Acquire Stronger Preference For Flavors Consumed Towards The End Of A High-Fat Meal, Kevin P. Myers
Rats Acquire Stronger Preference For Flavors Consumed Towards The End Of A High-Fat Meal, Kevin P. Myers
Faculty Journal Articles
Rats learn to prefer flavors associated with postingestive effects of nutrients. The physiological signals underlying this postingestive reward are unknown. We have previously shown that rats readily learn to prefer a flavor that was consumed early in a multi-flavored meal when glucose is infused intragastrically (IG), suggesting rapid postingestive reward onset. The present experiments investigate the timing of postingestive fat reward, by providing distinctive flavors in the first and second halves of meals accompanied by IG fat infusion. Learning stronger preference for the earlier or later flavor would indicate when the rewarding postingestive effects are sensed. Rats consumed sweetened, calorically-dilute …
Implicit Memory For Music In Alzheimer's Disease, Andrea Halpern, Margaret G. O'Connor
Implicit Memory For Music In Alzheimer's Disease, Andrea Halpern, Margaret G. O'Connor
Faculty Journal Articles
Short, unfamiliar melodies were presented to young and older adults and to Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in an implicit and an explicit memory task. The explicit task was yes–no recognition, and the implicit task was pleasantness ratings, in which memory was shown by higher ratings for old versus new melodies (the mere exposure effect). Young adults showed retention of the melodies in both tasks. Older adults showed little explicit memory but did show the mere exposure effect. The AD patients showed neither. The authors considered and rejected several artifactual reasons for this null effect in the context of the many …
Memory For The Absolute Pitch Of Familiar Songs, Andrea Halpern
Memory For The Absolute Pitch Of Familiar Songs, Andrea Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Four experiments were conducted to examine the ability of people without "perfect pitch" to retain the absolute pitch offamiliar tunes. In Experiment 1, participants imagined given tunes, and then hummed their first notes four times either between or within sessions. The variability of these productions was very low. Experiment 2 used a recognition paradigm, with results similar to those in Experiment 1 for musicians, but with some additional variability shown for unselected subjects. In Experiment 3, subjects rated the suitability ofvarious pitches to start familiar tunes. Previously given preferred notes were rated high, as were notes three or four semitones …
, Andrea Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Four experiments examined how people operate on memory representations of familiar songs. The tasks were similar to those used in studies of visual imagery. In one task, subjects saw a one word lyric from a song and then saw a second lyric; then they had to say if the second lyric was from the same song as the first. In a second task, subjects mentally compared pitches of notes corresponding to song lyrics. In both tasks, reaction time increased as a function of the distance in beats between the two lyrics in the actual song, and in some conditions reaction …
Perceived And Imagined Tempos Of Familiar Songs, Andrea Halpern
Perceived And Imagined Tempos Of Familiar Songs, Andrea Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Two studies investigated the similarity of metronome settings to perceived and imagined familiar songs by subjects unselected for musical ability. In Study 1, mean tempo settings in the two tasks were about 100 beats per minute. Songs with slower perceived tempos tended to be faster in the imagery task and vice versa. In Study 2, subjects set fastest and slowest acceptable tempos for the same set of songs in the imagery mode. These settings were positively correlated with the preferred tempo for the song. Most subjects thought that there were limits on how fast or slow a song could be …
Memory For Tune Titles After Organized Or Unorganized Presentation, Andrea Halpern
Memory For Tune Titles After Organized Or Unorganized Presentation, Andrea Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Two experiments investigated the structure of memory for titles of 54 familiar tunes. The titles were presented in the form of a hierarchy, with nodes labeled by genre (e.g., Rock or Patriotic). Four groups of subjects received logical or randomized titles, and logical or randomized labels. Goodness of label and title structure had equal and additive beneficial effects on recall with a 3-min exposure of the stimuli. With a 4-min exposure, good title structure became a larger contributor to good recall. Clustering analyses suggested that subjects were mentally representing the tune titles hierarchically, even when presentation was random.
The Organization Of Memory For Familiar Songs, Andrea Halpern
The Organization Of Memory For Familiar Songs, Andrea Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Investigated the organizing principles in memory for familiar songs in 2 experiments. It was hypothesized that individuals do not store and remember each song in isolation. Rather, there exists a rich system of relationships among tunes that can be revealed through similarity rating studies and memory tasks. One initial assumption was the division of relations among tunes into musical (e.g., tempo, rhythm) and nonmusical similarity. In Exp I, 20 undergraduates were asked to sort 60 familiar tunes into groups according to both musical and nonmusical criteria. Clustering analyses showed clear patterns of nonmusical similarity but few instances of musical similarity. …
Musical Expertise And Melodic Structure In Memory For Musical Notation, Andrea Halpern
Musical Expertise And Melodic Structure In Memory For Musical Notation, Andrea Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Two experiments plus a pilot investigated the role of melodic structure on short-term memory for musical notation by musicians and nonmusicians. In the pilot experiment, visually similar melodies that had been rated as either "good" or "bad" were presented briefly, followed by a 15-sec retention interval and then recall. Musicians remembered good melodies better than they remembered bad ones: nonmusicians did not distinguish between them. In the second experiment, good, bad, and random melodies were briefly presented, followed by immediate recall. The advantage of musicians over nonmusicians decreased as the melody type progressed from good to bad to random. In …
Duration Discrimination In A Series Of Rhythmic Events, Andrea Halpern
Duration Discrimination In A Series Of Rhythmic Events, Andrea Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Duration discrimination of the last of a series of four clicks was investigated. Examination of psychophysical functions from eight subjects revealed evidence for a Weber’s law model relating discrimination to base interclick interval. Also, the point of subjective equality was seen to change reliably as a function of base rate.