Other Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Report, Christopher Bugajski Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Optic nerve head edema is a serious finding for which multiple etiologies need to be considered. When optic nerve head edema is observed bilaterally, among the top differentials is idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as primary pseudotumor cerebri. An emergent magnetic resonance image with and without contrast as well as venography and lumbar puncture with opening pressure measurement must be performed to diagnose and determine management. Case Report: This case specifically features a 30-year-old Caucasian female with bilateral optic disc edema secondary to IIH. In addition to discussing the details regarding this patient’s case, this report …

Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy Plus Syndrome, Aaron W. Case Od, Lovelee E. Sayomac Od, Matthew J. Anderson Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most commonly encountered hereditary optic neuropathy in clinical practice and is the result of a mutation in the OPA1 or OPA3 genes encoding mitochondrial membrane proteins. The resultant mitochondrial dysfunction causes a distinct set of ophthalmic findings and may progress to extra-ocular systems known as OPA plus syndrome. We present a case of late-onset OPA plus syndrome encompassing both typical ophthalmic findings and the rarer extra-ocular findings. Case Report: A 41 year-old Caucasian male presents for a second opinion regarding a previously diagnosed traumatic optic neuropathy. Examination revealed decreased best-corrected acuities, …

Pupil Involving Oculomotor Palsy- Examination, Cause And Outcome, Robert Binkley Od, Karen Neal Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

BACKGROUND: A patient with a third cranial nerve (CN III) palsy can be a stress inducing event for an optometrist due to the potentially life-threatening etiologies and infrequency of their presentation. The pathogenesis of a CN III palsy can vary from innocuous to life threatening. Palsy of the third cranial nerve results in an impairment of eye movement and / or pupillary response to light depending on the extent of the palsy. CASE REPORT: This case reviews a recent onset of a complete right oculomotor palsy. Literature of similar cases detail the likelihood of variable causes, and while a diagnostic …

The Art Of Prescribing Low Amounts Of Prism: Basic Clinical Applications, Leonard J. Press Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Expanding the Box

It's How You Ask The Question....., Paul Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Letter from the Editor

Book Review: The Paradox Of The Immune System: Protection, Chronic Inflammation, Autoimmune Disease, Cancer, And Pandemics, Lourdes A. Fortepiani, Md, Phd

Optometric Clinical Practice

Book Review:

Pandemics, Artificial Intelligence, Optometrists, COVID-19, Immune System Diseases, inflammation

Limitations Of Telemedicine Vs. Face-To-Face Eye Examination In A Patient With New Headaches, Joseph Hallak, Od, Danielle Kalberer, Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: During the emergence and rise of COVID-19, precaution directives and limitations on in-person eye examinations re-routed a significant portion of care to telemedicine and virtual modalities. While these technologies allowed for healthcare communications that otherwise could not occur during such trying times, there are major limitations to these sanctioned applications. This report will present a seemingly benign case that could have easily been re-routed from an in-person examination to a telemedicine version due to the patient’s seemingly “routine” vision complaints.

Case Report: A 50-year-old male patient contacted the eye clinic with a complaint of a minor, new, unexplained headache …

Lyme Disease Neuroretinitis: A Case Report And Review Of Immunologic Workup, Michael Wingard, Od, Jeffery Curry, Od, Jeffrey L. Weaver, Od, Ms

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Lyme disease is an infection caused by a bacterial spirochete of the borrelia genus. The human vector is from a tick bite by an infected tick of the ixodes genus, commonly referred to as the deer tick or black legged tick. The incidence of Lyme disease is increasing in the United States. Once infected, Lyme disease manifestations usually depend on the stage of infection with late stage infection often causing debilitating illness.¹

Case Report: Neuroborreliosis refers to borrelia, causing neurological infection and can occur as acute or late manifestation of Lyme disease. Neuroretinitis is a rare …

Ocular Manifestations Of Septo-Optic Dysplasia, Rena Cappelli, Od, Tiffany Tucker Christiansen, Od, Danielle Vance Taylor, Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a congenital deformity of the brain which can result in neurologic, systemic, and physical malformation.Due to the proximity of these deformities to the optic chiasm and optic nerves, ocular manifestations are common.

Case Report: A 28-year-old male with a long-standing history of reduced vision presented for a routine eye examination. Upon examination he was found to have an afferent pupillary defect, bilateral optic nerve pallor with corresponding nerve fiber layer thinning by optical coherence tomography. Humphrey visual field testing revealed a bi-temporal visual field defect. Neurological imaging was obtained with a subsequent diagnosis …

Multimodal Imaging Reveals Bilateral Idiopathic Multiple Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachments: A Case Report, Diana H. Ho, Od, Joseph J. Pizzimenti, Od, Patricia C. Sanchez-Diaz, Dvm, Phd, Stephanie Schmiedecke-Barbieri, Od, Alexandra Zuercher, Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED) is a nonspecific finding that is common in several ocular diseases; however, cases of bilateral idiopathic multiple RPEDs are rare. Less than 50 cases have been reported to date. Bilateral multiple RPEDs are usually idiopathic and benign in nature but can infrequently be associated with various ocular and systemic diseases, including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The potential role of genetic factors in this condition remains elusive. We present a case where multimodal imaging assisted in revealing the diagnosis as well as discuss the potential implications of some of the genetic findings for this …

Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Chorioretinitis; A Case Report And Review, Kristin Wilson, Od, Amy Garbo Maxey, Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinopathy (ASPPC) is a rare but defining characteristic of ocular syphilis. Clinical findings are subtle, geographic, yellowish, macular lesions, affecting the outer-retina and inner choroid, and often associated with subretinal fluid in the early phase. This case report will review the clinical signs of ASPPC to aid the practitioner in identification and recognition of its clinical importance as it relates to early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Case Report: A 79-year-old African American male presented to clinic with a chief complaint of blur in the right eye for the past two days. Spectral Domain Optical Coherence …

Optic Disc Drusen Resulting In Disqualifying Field Loss, Robert C. Binkley, Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Optic nerve (or disc) drusen is the presence of hyaline bodies at the optic nerve head. The drusen may be visible upon funduscopic examination or may present as buried. Timely diagnosis and responsible imaging may help inform the patient of the potential for future concerns. The long-term prognosis is good for most patients, however, they may experience progressive peripheral vision loss that may reduce the patient’s quality of life. Neuroprotective options have previously been discussed with minimal clinical effectiveness, however, new medications may aid in future treatment.

Case Report: A patient presenting with mild and slowly progressing vision loss …

You Can Lead A Horse To Water, Paul B. Freeman, Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Letter from the Editor

El Papel De La Actividad Colinérgica En El Sistema Visual, María Camila Bernal Herrera, Karla Andrea Hernández Martínez

Optometría

Introducción: Los agroquímicos son sustancias utilizadas con el propósito de prevenir y controlar cualquier tipo de plaga que pueda afectar el sector agrícola. Muchos de estos generan un alto grado de toxicidad, causando daños en la salud de los trabajadores expuestos a pesticidas. Sin embargo, se conoce hasta hace poco que a nivel del sistema visual se puede tener cierta actividad a nivel colinérgico. Por lo cual, se cuestiona como la regulación o cambio en la actividad colinérgica, podría generar cambios a nivel de la superficie ocular. Objetivo general: Determinar el papel de la acetilcolinesterasa y la actividad colinérgica en …

Thank You To Our 2021-2022 Reviewers, Paul B. Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Thank you 2021-2022 Reviewers!

Book Review: Applied Concepts In Vision Therapy 2.0, Paul B. Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Press LJ, Taub MB, Schnell PH. Applied Concepts in Vision Therapy 2.0. Santa Ana: Optometric Extension Program; 2022, $159.00, 543 pages, Paperback, ISBN: 9780929780542

Occult Adenocarcinoma Presenting As Presumed Periorbital Cellulitis, Kirk Halvorson Od, Jonathon Thomas Od, Jennifer Prunty Od, Omaya H. Youssef Md, Mba

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Orbital tumors are uncommon entities seen by optometrists. They may initially present as common, benign conditions, but if not appropriately diagnosed can lead to devastating results.

Case Report: This case report demonstrates an atypical presentation of adenocarcinoma that was initially diagnosed as preseptal cellulitis. The patient in this case was ultimately referred for imaging and biopsy to reveal the correct diagnosis. Despite treatment, this patient died about 1 year after his clinical presentation.

Conclusion: The detection of orbital tumors and the subsequent management of patients with orbital tumors can be challenging. When considering orbital tumors as a possible diagnosis, …

Diagnosis And Excision Of A Solitary Trichoepithelioma, Leonid Skorin Jr., Do, Od, Ms

Optometric Clinical Practice

Abstract

Background: Solitary trichoepithelioma is a rare benign tumor of hair follicle origin. Although trichoepithelioma has a predilection for the face and neck, it is not usually found on the eyelids. It has similar clinicopathological features to basal cell carcinoma. Surgical excision and histopathologic analysis is helpful for correct diagnosis.

Case Report: A 59-year-old Caucasian female presented with a raised, reddish oval mass on the right lower eyelid. The mass had telangiectatic blood vessels on its surface, was non-pigmented and slightly umbilicated. It was in close approximation of the eyelid margin causing distortion and poor apposition of the lid to …

A Reactivation Of Ocular Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy, Brett Garee Od, Ms, Sarah Dieter Od, Pete Liette Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite estimated to affect over 500 million people worldwide. The feline is the definitive host for the parasite and infection may be acquired or congenital via maternal transmission. Humans may acquire the infection by ingestion of raw or undercooked meats and vegetables, contaminated water, or exposure to infected cat feces. The infection is often benign, self-limiting, and asymptomatic for humans, but potentially life threatening to infants or the immunocompromised patient.

Case Report: A 22 year-old Caucasian female, pregnant at 12 weeks gestation, presented to the optometry service with acute symptoms of hazy vision …

Minimum Rim Width And Lamina Cribrosa Depth In Non-Glaucomatous And Glaucomatous U.S. Veterans, Jacob Hillard Od, Rachel Druckenbrod Od, Baharak Asefzadeh Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Purpose: Assess the utility of the MRW and lamina cribrosa depth measurements for detecting differences between non-glaucomatous and glaucomatous U.S. Veterans. Compare inter-eye differences of individuals with glaucoma.

Method: 38 subjects were recruited per group: Group 1 included one eye of non-glaucomatous participants, and Group 2 included each qualifying eye of participants with glaucoma. Analysis compared Group 1 with the more affected eye only of Group 2 participants, and separately between the more and less affected eyes of group 2 participants. MRW measurements were obtained with Heidelberg Eye Explorer© (HEYEX). Average lamina cribrosa depths were measured manually utilizing HEYEX.

Results: …

Just When You Thought It Was Safe To Go Back In The Water, Paul B. Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Letter from the Editor

Book Review: The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook, William L. Miller Od, Ms, Phd

Optometric Clinical Practice

Book Review: Freisberg L, Lighthizer N, Skorin, Jr. L, Stonecipher K, and Zimmerman A. The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook. First Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2021. $102.00, 350 pages, Paperback ISBN: 978-1975170172, e-book ISBN: 978-1975170219

Case Report: Bartonella Quintana-Associated Neuroretinitis, Kelly Seidler Od, Kelly A. Malloy Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Neuroretinitis is a self-limiting condition which typically causes monocular vision loss with good potential for visual recovery. It may be idiopathic or associated with infectious or inflammatory conditions which can carry systemic implications. Neuroretinitis classically presents with disc edema followed by development of a macular star pattern of exudates. It is most commonly attributed to Cat Scratch Disease, or Bartonella henselae infection. However, there have been few published reports of Bartonella quintana associated neuroretinitis.

Case Report: A 60-year-old patient presented with unilateral vision loss preceded by flu-like illness. The patient had exposure to a recently adopted cat. …

Bilateral, Full-Thickness Macular Holes While Undergoing Chemotherapy, Sarah Dieter Od, Brett Garee Od Ms, Susan Zacatelco Od, Julie Henry Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Bilateral, full-thickness macular holes are a rare condition that can substantially affect quality of life. Macular hole diagnosis and treatment is key for these patients.

Case Report: A 71 year old Caucasian male presented with a chief complaint of distance blur in both eyes, worsening over the past 1-2 weeks. He had no diagnosis of diabetes. He added that his prostate cancer had spread and that his last treatment ended 9 days ago. He was ultimately diagnosed with bilateral, full-thickness macular holes. Referral to a retinal specialist for surgical management yielded good results.

Conclusion: This is …

Cefuroxime-Induced Toxic Maculopathy: A Cataract Co-Management Conundrum, Leonid Skorin Jr., Do, Od, Ms

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Cefuroxime-induced toxic maculopathy can occur when an incorrect dilution is injected intracamerally after cataract surgery. This results in a guarded visual prognosis. Cefuroxime-induced toxic maculopathy can also occur sporadically even when the medication dilution is the standard correct dosage. These patients usually recover their vision by the first postoperative week.

Case Report: A 72-year-old Caucasian female developed cefuroxime-induced toxic maculopathy after uneventful cataract surgery. Investigation of the case confirmed that she had a sporadic response to the cefuroxime. It was verified that she received the standard correct dilution of cefuroxime intracamerally. The patient showed a significant improvement in her …

Medication-Induced Oculomotor Dysfunction: A Report Of Two Cases, Eric Lee Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Consideration of current medications and their interactions as a source of new onset oculomotor dysfunction is imperative for providing good eye care. Medication etiology should be particularly suspected when the symptoms begin with the initiation of a new medication and resolved with discontinuation of the same medication.

Case Reports: Presented are two cases demonstrating that it is prudent to be aware of medications capable of inducing oculomotor dysfunction. Each case reveals instances of acute oculomotor dysfunction after the initiation of a central nervous system affecting medication. Case 1 details a partial pupil sparing third nerve palsy after initiating the …

Longstanding Crystalline Retinopathy Secondary To Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection, Katherine Thomas Od, Jeffery Curry Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Crystalline retinopathy has many disparate etiologies with varying potentials in visual outcome. Due to the potential severity of these outcomes, differentiation of etiology is critical to guide both follow up and treatment regimen. Diagnosis can be facilitated with a thorough medical history, clinical presentation, and imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Case Report: This case demonstrates a rare incidence of crystalline retinopathy in a 65-year-old male attributed to a single intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection with 8 year follow up data, followed by a review of other types of crystalline retinopathy secondary to pharmaceutical agents.

Conclusion: A complete …

It’S As Easy As Learning To Fly A Plane, Paul B. Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Letter from the Editor-in-Chief

Calidad De Vida Relacionada Con La Visión En Pacientes Con Retinopatía Diabética No Proliferativa Atendidos En Fundación Para El Desarrollo De La Mujer En San Salvador, El Salvador, María Asunción Betancourth Zúniga

Maestría en Ciencias de la Visión

La Retinopatía Diabética (RD) es una enfermedad retiniana, que no sólo afecta el alcance visual, también influye en la sensibilidad al contraste, percepción del color, campo visual, sensibilidad a los cambios de iluminación y por ende en la calidad de vida. En este estudio se evaluó la calidad de vida relacionada con la visión en pacientes con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa atendidos en Fundación para el Desarrollo de la Mujer (FUDEM) en San Salvador, el Salvador. Materiales y Métodos: Este fue un estudio observacional que incluyó 30 pacientes referidos de la unidad de retina con diagnóstico de Retinopatía Diabética No …

Thank You Reviewers, Paul B. Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Thank you to all the reviewers!