Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications Commons^™

Characterizing The Human Vaginal Microbiome Using High-Throughput Sequencing, Jean Megan E. Macklaim

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The human vaginal microbiome undoubtedly has a significant role in reproductive health and for protection from infectious organisms. Recent efforts to characterize the bacterial species of the vagina using molecular techniques have uncovered an unexpected diversity. Using high-throughput sequencing I sought to describe the structure and function of the vaginal microbiome under different physiological states including healthy, bacterial vaginosis (BV), post-menopausal vaginal atrophy, and acute vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that healthy, asymptomatic women most often have vaginal biotas dominated by Lactobacillus iners or L. crispatus. In contrast, BV is a heterogeneous, highly diversified condition …

The Predictive Value Of Renal Ultrasound Of Vesicoureteral Reflux After First Urinary Tract Infection In Neonates And Infants 0-24 Months, Richard J. Mazzaccaro Md, Michael J. Weiss Mph

Department of Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Wilson’S Disease In Pregnancy: Case Series And Review Of Literature, Ayesha Malik, Ali Khawaja, Lumaan Sheikh

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Background: Wilson’s disease is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by impaired liver metabolism of copper leading to decreased biliary excretion and incorporation of ceruloplasmin levels mainly in the liver and brain. Untreated Wilson’s disease has been shown to cause subfertility and even in cases where pregnancy occurs, it often results in spontaneous miscarriage.

Case presentations: We present four cases of successful pregnancy outcomes in three patients diagnosed with Wilson’s disease along with the literature review. All the patients were managed with zinc sulphate without any postnatal complications.

Conclusion: Patients with Wilson’s disease receiving regular treatment who remain asymptomatic …

The Uncertainty Of The Egfr, Tony Badrick, Peter Turner

Tony Badrick

The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a parameter derived from the serum creatinine, patient age and gender and is used to ascertain renal function. It is subject to variation because of the analytical error of the creatinine measurement and biological variation. The widespread use of the eGFR to classify renal disease has led to the identification of more patients with marginal chronic kidney disease but because of the uncertainty of the eGFR it has also led to over-diagnosis of some kidney disease. There is a well described age relation with eGFR.The uncertainty of the eGFR at the critical decision …

The Chronic Kidney Disease Controversy: How Expanding Definitions Care Unnecessarily Labelling Many People As Diseased, Ray Moynihan, Richard Glassock, Jenny A. Doust

Jenny Doust

Extract: In 2002 the United States Kidney Foundation launched a novel framework for defining and classifying chronic kidney disease. The framework was widely embraced because it imposed order in a chaotic landscape characterised by a variety of names, including renal insufficiency, renal impairment, and renal failure. It has had an appreciable effect on clinical care worldwide through guidelines, pay for performance measures, and sparked debate on the merits of screening programmes. However, it has also generated considerable controversy. We examine the rationale for the framework, the varying responses and controversies it has provoked, and provide advice for clinicians who are …

The Chronic Kidney Disease Controversy: How Expanding Definitions Care Unnecessarily Labelling Many People As Diseased, Ray Moynihan, Richard Glassock, Jenny A. Doust

Ray Moynihan

Extract: In 2002 the United States Kidney Foundation launched a novel framework for defining and classifying chronic kidney disease. The framework was widely embraced because it imposed order in a chaotic landscape characterised by a variety of names, including renal insufficiency, renal impairment, and renal failure. It has had an appreciable effect on clinical care worldwide through guidelines, pay for performance measures, and sparked debate on the merits of screening programmes. However, it has also generated considerable controversy. We examine the rationale for the framework, the varying responses and controversies it has provoked, and provide advice for clinicians who are …

Sonographic Findings In Acute Uterine Inversion, John C. Smulian Md, Mph, Joseph D. Defulvio Do, Liany C. Diven Md, Jose Luiis Terrazas Md

John C Smulian MD, MPH

We present a case of acute uterine inversion in the third stage of labor in which critical management decisions were facilitated by ultrasound imaging in the operating room. Identification of the ovary and adnexa pulled into the inclination of the inversion allowed successful diagnosis and guidance of uterine replacement.

Does Metformin Use During Pregnancy Effectively Reduce The Rate Of Early Pregnancy Loss In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?, Inna Prikhodko

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine “Does Metformin use during pregnancy effectively reduce the rate of early pregnancy loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?”

STUDY DESIGN: This review is based on two primary double-blind, randomized controlled trials and a prospective controlled trial that was not randomized or blinded to evaluate whether metformin, a medication used to manage PCOS, can also prevent early pregnancy loss in women with PCOS.

DATA SOURCES: All articles used were published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, and located through PubMed, OVID and COCHRANE databases..

OUTCOMES MEASURED: …

Is Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate A Safe And Effective Treatment For Primary Dysmenorrhea?, Sarah E. Visich

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not transdermal glyceryl trinitrate is a safe and effective treatment for primary dysmenorrhea.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of two English language randomized control trials (RCTs) published in 1996 and 1999 and one English language pilot study in 1997.

DATA SOURCES: Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over studies and one pilot study comparing transdermal glyceryl trinitrate to placebo were found using PubMed, Medline and OVID.

OUTCOME MEASURED: Outcomes measured were based on pain intensity scores (PID) assessed on a visual analog scale and the …

A Review Of Comparison Of Complications Of Vaginal Hysterectomy With And Without Concomitant Surgery For Sui: A 5 Years’ Experience At A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Pakistan, Raheela Mohsin Rizvi, Munnazza Akhtar, Nadeem F. Zuberi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective. The study was performed to review the complications of surgery for POP with or without surgery for SUI. This included the need for second procedure two years after the primary surgery. Study Design. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional comparative study at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) was used to identify women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with anterior/posterior repair alone and those with concomitant tension-free vaginal tape surgery for urodynamic stress incontinence. Results. The 28 cases of VH/repair combined with TVT were compared for complications with 430 cases of VH …