Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Speech Pathology and Audiology Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Speech and Hearing Science (48)
- Diseases (20)
- Musculoskeletal Diseases (16)
- Education (5)
- Life Sciences (4)
-
- Genetics and Genomics (3)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (3)
- Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities (2)
- Disability and Equity in Education (2)
- Genetic Phenomena (2)
- Genetic Processes (2)
- Genetic Structures (2)
- Medical Education (2)
- Medical Sciences (2)
- Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Rehabilitation and Therapy (2)
- Adult and Continuing Education (1)
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine (1)
- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment (1)
- Architecture (1)
- Behavioral Medicine (1)
- Biological Psychology (1)
- Civic and Community Engagement (1)
- Early Childhood Education (1)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Keyword
-
- Speech language pathology (23)
- Audiology (15)
- Cleft palate (13)
- Children (11)
- Cleft lip (10)
-
- Sound pressure (8)
- Hearing (6)
- Hearing loss (6)
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (5)
- Acoustic noise (5)
- Velocardiofacial syndrome (5)
- Auditory temporal processing (4)
- Gap detection (4)
- ICF-CY (4)
- Music (4)
- Otoacoustic emission (4)
- Speech perception (4)
- Tinnitus (4)
- Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (4)
- Auditory cortex (3)
- Categorical perception (3)
- Chromosome 22 (3)
- Dental (3)
- Dental drills (3)
- Dentists (3)
- Ears (3)
- Hearing aids (3)
- Invited Presentations (3)
- Musical training (3)
- Palate (3)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Brenda Louw (32)
- Robert J. Shprintzen (18)
- A. Lynn Williams (15)
- Kim S. Schairer (13)
- Linda Shuster (9)
-
- Marc A. Fagelson (8)
- Kerry Proctor-Williams (7)
- Jacek Smurzynski (6)
- Earl E. Johnson (5)
- Faith W. Akin (3)
- Saravanan Elangovan (3)
- Alejandro Nato (2)
- Pamela Reese (2)
- Rhea Paul (2)
- Sharon Lesner (2)
- Stella Ng PhD (2)
- Alejandro E. Brice (1)
- Alexandra Puatu (1)
- Andrea Halpern (1)
- Charlyne Gauthier (1)
- Courtney D. Hall (1)
- Emmanuel Mario B Santos aka Marc Guerrero (1)
- James R. Steiger (1)
- Jennifer K Schoffer Closson (1)
- Ju Shen (1)
- Juliana Plucinik (1)
- Lindsay P. Greer (1)
- Michelle M. Thompson (1)
- Nicole Supplee (1)
- Owen D. Murnane (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 147
Full-Text Articles in Speech Pathology and Audiology
Personal Commitment Statements In Evaluating Continuing Education: Evolutionary Practice, Juan Bornman, Brenda Louw
Personal Commitment Statements In Evaluating Continuing Education: Evolutionary Practice, Juan Bornman, Brenda Louw
Brenda Louw
The use of a Commitment-to-Change (CTC) statement to evaluate Continuing Education was investigated through a case study design. A CE event on communication disorders within the ICF-CY framework was evaluated by a Personal Commitment form and a follow-up survey. Results of a thematic analysis of statements and follow-up survey illustrate the important potential of this evolutionary approach.
Young Adults With Cleft Lip And Palate: Personal Perspectives Of Transition Of Care, Courtney Buchanan, Bethany Johnson, A. Jade Morgan, Jessica Morgan, Carissa Padgett, Brenda Louw
Young Adults With Cleft Lip And Palate: Personal Perspectives Of Transition Of Care, Courtney Buchanan, Bethany Johnson, A. Jade Morgan, Jessica Morgan, Carissa Padgett, Brenda Louw
Brenda Louw
Children with cleft lip/palate receive team care which typically ends at eighteen. Young adults then need to transition into an adult-centered model of care. A paucity of literature exists regarding their perspective on transition of care experience. This research explores the experiences of young adults with CLP regarding their transition of care process, within the person-centered ICF framework.
Clinician-Research Collaboration: Determining Research Interests And Needs Of Clinicians In The Tri-Cities, Tn, Kara Detty, Lauren Fabrize, Mary Trifiro, Jessica Weiner, Brenda Louw
Clinician-Research Collaboration: Determining Research Interests And Needs Of Clinicians In The Tri-Cities, Tn, Kara Detty, Lauren Fabrize, Mary Trifiro, Jessica Weiner, Brenda Louw
Brenda Louw
This research explores the disconnect between researchers and practicing clinicians on research collaboration, which is attributed to various barriers, therefore creating a researcher-clinician gap. Survey research was conducted and practicing clinicians in the Tri-Cities region of Tennessee acted as respondents. Results may contribute to establishing practicing clinician-research collaboration in this context.
Communication Strategies For Individuals With Brainstem Cva, Sarah Mosely
Communication Strategies For Individuals With Brainstem Cva, Sarah Mosely
Sarah Mosely
No abstract provided.
The Psychosocial Effects Of Microtia On Family's Decision Process, Alexandra Puatu
The Psychosocial Effects Of Microtia On Family's Decision Process, Alexandra Puatu
Alexandra Puatu
One in every 10,000 live births result in a facial anomaly called microtia, which affects the outer, visible part of the ear. This can have varying levels of severity, ranging from a smaller than average ear size (type one) to the complete absence of any external ear (type four). Families are presented with three options: surgery, hearing aids, or to allow the child to continue developing with no technological help. When families are presented with these options, the process tends to be stressful because of the added, unexpected decisions needed to be made on a family with a new member. …
Genetic Candidate Variants In Two Multigenerational Families With Childhood Apraxia Of Speech, Peter Beate, Ellen M. Wijsman, Alejandro Q. Nato Jr., Mark M. Matsushita, Kathy L. Chapman, Ian B. Stanaway, John Wolff, Kaori Oda, Virginia B. Gabo, Wendy H. Raskind
Genetic Candidate Variants In Two Multigenerational Families With Childhood Apraxia Of Speech, Peter Beate, Ellen M. Wijsman, Alejandro Q. Nato Jr., Mark M. Matsushita, Kathy L. Chapman, Ian B. Stanaway, John Wolff, Kaori Oda, Virginia B. Gabo, Wendy H. Raskind
Alejandro Nato
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a severe and socially debilitating form of speech sound disorder with suspected genetic involvement, but the genetic etiology is not yet well understood. Very few known or putative causal genes have been identified to date, e.g., FOXP2 and BCL11A. Building a knowledge base of the genetic etiology of CAS will make it possible to identify infants at genetic risk and motivate the development of effective very early intervention programs. We investigated the genetic etiology of CAS in two large multigenerational families with familial CAS. Complementary genomic methods included Markov chain Monte Carlo linkage …
Multipoint Genome-Wide Linkage Scan For Nonword Repetition In A Multigenerational Family Further Supports Chromosome 13q As A Locus For Verbal Trait Disorders, D. T. Truong, L. D. Shriberg, S. D. Smith, K. L. Chapman, A. R. Scheer-Cohen, M. M.C. Demille, A. K. Adams, Alejandro Q. Nato Jr., E. M. Wijsman, J. D. Eicher, J. R. Gruen
Multipoint Genome-Wide Linkage Scan For Nonword Repetition In A Multigenerational Family Further Supports Chromosome 13q As A Locus For Verbal Trait Disorders, D. T. Truong, L. D. Shriberg, S. D. Smith, K. L. Chapman, A. R. Scheer-Cohen, M. M.C. Demille, A. K. Adams, Alejandro Q. Nato Jr., E. M. Wijsman, J. D. Eicher, J. R. Gruen
Alejandro Nato
Verbal trait disorders encompass a wide range of conditions and are marked by deficits in five domains that impair a person’s ability to communicate: speech, language, reading, spelling, and writing. Nonword repetition is a robust endophenotype for verbal trait disorders that is sensitive to cognitive processes critical to verbal development, including auditory processing, phonological working memory, and motor planning and programming. In the present study, we present a six-generation extended pedigree with a history of verbal trait disorders. Using genome-wide multipoint variance component linkage analysis of nonword repetition, we identified a region spanning chromosome 13q14–q21 with LOD = 4.45 between …
Mixed-Methods Research: A Tutorial For Speech-Language Therapists And Audiologists In South Africa, Anna-Marie Wium, Brenda Louw
Mixed-Methods Research: A Tutorial For Speech-Language Therapists And Audiologists In South Africa, Anna-Marie Wium, Brenda Louw
Brenda Louw
Background: Mixed-methods research (MMR) offers much to healthcare professions on clinical and research levels. Speech-language therapists and audiologists work in both educational and health settings where they deal with real-world problems. Through the nature of their work, they are confronted with multifaceted questions arising from their efforts to provide evidence-based services to individuals of all ages with communication disorders. MMR methods research is eminently suited to addressing such questions.
Objective: The aim of this tutorial is to increase awareness of the value of MMR, especially for readers less familiar with this research approach.
Method: A literature review was conducted to …
Common Parietal Activation In Musical Mental Transformations Across Pitch And Time, Nicholas E.V. Foster, Andrea Halpern, Robert J. Zatorre
Common Parietal Activation In Musical Mental Transformations Across Pitch And Time, Nicholas E.V. Foster, Andrea Halpern, Robert J. Zatorre
Andrea Halpern
We previously observed that mental manipulation of the pitch level or temporal organization of melodies results in functional activation in the human intraparietal sulcus (IPS), a region also associated with visuospatial transformation and numerical calculation. Two outstanding questions about these musical transformations are whether pitch and time depend on separate or common processing in IPS, and whether IPS recruitment in melodic tasks varies depending upon the degree of transformation required (as it does in mental rotation). In the present study we sought to answer these questions by applying functional magnetic resonance imaging while musicians performed closely matched mental transposition (pitch …
The Validity And Reliability Of The Motion Sensitivity Test, Faith W. Akin, Mary Jo Davenport
The Validity And Reliability Of The Motion Sensitivity Test, Faith W. Akin, Mary Jo Davenport
Faith W. Akin
The Motion Sensitivity Test (MST) is a clinical protocol designed to measure motion-provoked dizziness during a series of 16 quick changes to head or body positions. The MST has been used as a guide for developing an exercise program for patients with motion-provoked dizziness and as a treatment outcome measure to monitor the effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation therapy. This study determined validity, test-retest reliability, and interrater reliability of the MST. Fifteen individuals with motion-provoked dizziness and ten control individuals were tested during sessions occurring 90 min and/or 24 hr after baseline testing. The MST was found to be reliable across …
Auditory/Vestibular/Tbi Mini-Series: Effects Of Tbi On Auditory Processing, Vestibular Function, And Tinnitus, Frederick Gallum, Paula Myers, Faith W. Akin
Auditory/Vestibular/Tbi Mini-Series: Effects Of Tbi On Auditory Processing, Vestibular Function, And Tinnitus, Frederick Gallum, Paula Myers, Faith W. Akin
Faith W. Akin
This session is developed by, and presenters invited by, Hearing, Balance, Tinnitus – Assessment and Intervention: Adult. This combined mini-series will present both clinical and research findings addressing the auditory and vestibular consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Presenters will elucidate TBI’s effect on auditory processing, vestibular function, and tinnitus with case studies to illustrate management strategies relevant for each of the patient groups.
Update On The Clinical Utility Of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials, Faith W. Akin, Owen D. Murnane
Update On The Clinical Utility Of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials, Faith W. Akin, Owen D. Murnane
Faith W. Akin
Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) supplement the vestibular test battery by providing diagnostic information about otolith organ function. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an update on the clinical use of the cervical VEMP and ocular VEMP as clinical tests of otolith function
Maximize How You Supervise: Report Of The 2016 Asha Ad Hoc Committee On Supervision Training, Vicki Mccready, Kevin Mcnamara, Nancy Nelson, Samantha Procaccini, Stephanie Adamovich, Karleung Cheung, Carol Dudding, Natalie Lenzen, Loretta Nunez, A. Lynn Williams
Maximize How You Supervise: Report Of The 2016 Asha Ad Hoc Committee On Supervision Training, Vicki Mccready, Kevin Mcnamara, Nancy Nelson, Samantha Procaccini, Stephanie Adamovich, Karleung Cheung, Carol Dudding, Natalie Lenzen, Loretta Nunez, A. Lynn Williams
A. Lynn Williams
The success of existing and future audiologists and speech-language pathologists is dependent on skilled supervision. This session presents the findings of the ASHA Ad Hoc Committee on Supervision Training, including resources to enhance supervisor/preceptor skills and strategies for growing a culture of expectation for such training.
What’S The Evidence For Involving Parents In Intervention For Speech Sound Disorders?, Eleanor Sugden, Elise Baker, Natalie Munro, A. Lynn Williams
What’S The Evidence For Involving Parents In Intervention For Speech Sound Disorders?, Eleanor Sugden, Elise Baker, Natalie Munro, A. Lynn Williams
A. Lynn Williams
This systematic overview examines the evidence base for parent involvement in intervention for phonology-based speech sound disorders. Of the 175 identified papers, 61 reported including parents and/or home-based tasks in intervention. However, insufficient detail reported within these papers limits replication and implementation. The clinical and research implications are discussed.
Translational Research: Bridging The Gap From Research To Practice, A. Lynn Williams
Translational Research: Bridging The Gap From Research To Practice, A. Lynn Williams
A. Lynn Williams
Early childhood is a critical period for literacy development and US research has found that 35 per cent of children enter public schools with low levels of the skills needed to learn to read. Visiting US academic Professor Lynn Williams will present a lecture about how children acquire literacy skills on Thursday 8 November at Charles Sturt University (CSU) Bathurst Campus. Associate Professor Sharynne McLeod, from CSU’s School of Teacher Education, said that Professor Williams has a distinguished career in teaching and writing about speech and language development and disorders in children. “Her lecture, Contexts for facilitating emergent literacy skills, …
Slps And Auds Go Global: A Research-Based Cross-Linguistic Consortium, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw
Slps And Auds Go Global: A Research-Based Cross-Linguistic Consortium, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw
A. Lynn Williams
No abstract provided.
Practice In Child Phonological Disorders: Tackling Some Common Clinical Problems, Tim Brackenbury, Marc Fey, Gregory Lof, Benjamin Munson, A. Lynn Williams
Practice In Child Phonological Disorders: Tackling Some Common Clinical Problems, Tim Brackenbury, Marc Fey, Gregory Lof, Benjamin Munson, A. Lynn Williams
A. Lynn Williams
Goal of presentation is to identify areas of child phonology that clinicans have difficulty with.
Phonological Intervention Using A Multiple Opposition Approach, A. Lynn Williams, John Kalbfleisch
Phonological Intervention Using A Multiple Opposition Approach, A. Lynn Williams, John Kalbfleisch
A. Lynn Williams
The purpose of this investigation was to examine phonological restructuring when contrastive oppositions were constructed to include larger treatment sets that confronted the child with multiple sound targets selected from an entire rule set.
Person-Centered Outcomes In Culturally And Diverse Contexts: International Application Of The Icf, Karla Washington, Jane Mccormack, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw, Nancy Thomas-Stonell, Tammy Hopper
Person-Centered Outcomes In Culturally And Diverse Contexts: International Application Of The Icf, Karla Washington, Jane Mccormack, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw, Nancy Thomas-Stonell, Tammy Hopper
A. Lynn Williams
This session is developed by, and presenters invited by, Cultural and Linguistic Considerations Across the Discipline. This session was developed by the Convention Program Committee to increase SLPs’ awareness regarding research and clinical applications of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) across pediatric and adult populations around the world. Discussants provide perspectives from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Jamaica, and the United States.
Intervention Intensity For Speech Sound Disorders: How Much And For How Long?, Elise Baker, A. Lynn Williams
Intervention Intensity For Speech Sound Disorders: How Much And For How Long?, Elise Baker, A. Lynn Williams
A. Lynn Williams
Seminar Outline 1) What is intervention intensity? 2) What do we know about the intensity of intervention for SSD in children? 3) How might SLPs use the evidence on intervention intensity in their everyday management of SSD in children?
Identification Of Speech-Language Disorders In Toddlers, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Stoel-Gammon
Identification Of Speech-Language Disorders In Toddlers, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Stoel-Gammon
A. Lynn Williams
This session is developed by, and presenters invited by, Speech Sound Disorders in Children and Language in Infants Toddlers and Preschoolers. This invited session provides an overview of early speech/language development with a focus on identifying delay/disorders in toddlers. Types of speech/language behaviors in prelinguistic/ early linguistic development that serve as “red flags” for possible disorders will be discussed. The need for developmentally appropriate assessments will be highlighted.
Enhancing Phd Preparation Through Shared Ideas Across Csd Program, Elizabeth Crais, Ruth Bentler, Lynne Hewitt, Jennifer Lister, Jennifer Simpson, Ronald Gillam, Barbara Cone, A. Lynn Williams, Glen Tellis
Enhancing Phd Preparation Through Shared Ideas Across Csd Program, Elizabeth Crais, Ruth Bentler, Lynne Hewitt, Jennifer Lister, Jennifer Simpson, Ronald Gillam, Barbara Cone, A. Lynn Williams, Glen Tellis
A. Lynn Williams
Shortages of PhD graduates to fill CSD faculty positions have been a concern for over 15 years. The ASHA AAB (collaborating with CAPCSD) completed interviews of Coordinators of almost all 76 CSD PhD Programs. Results and successful aspects of the programs will be highlighted to stimulate discussion among participants.
Comparison Of Ten Interventions For A 7-Year-Old With Unintelligible Speech, Sharynne Mcleod, Alison Holm, Sharon Crosbie, Barbara Dodd, Barbara W. Hodson, Michelle Morrisette, Judith A. Gierut, Deborah Hayden, Nicole Mueller, Joy Stackhouse, A. Lynn Williams, Caroline Bowen
Comparison Of Ten Interventions For A 7-Year-Old With Unintelligible Speech, Sharynne Mcleod, Alison Holm, Sharon Crosbie, Barbara Dodd, Barbara W. Hodson, Michelle Morrisette, Judith A. Gierut, Deborah Hayden, Nicole Mueller, Joy Stackhouse, A. Lynn Williams, Caroline Bowen
A. Lynn Williams
The management of speech impairment of unknown origin in children requires SLPs to make important clinical decisions around assessment, analysis, diagnosis and intervention. Ideally, clinicians should be guided in their decision making by evidence. Over thirty years ago, this was a relatively straightforward task. Most children’s speech problems were assessed, analysed and treated from an articulation perspective. Since the paradigm shift from articulation to phonology, clinical decision making has become more challenging. This challenge is in part due to the increase in possible approaches. This short course will outline the application of ten intervention approaches to one child and will …
Comparison Of Two Treatment Conditions For Young Children With Speech Sound Disorders, Megan Overby, A. Lynn Williams, John Bernthal
Comparison Of Two Treatment Conditions For Young Children With Speech Sound Disorders, Megan Overby, A. Lynn Williams, John Bernthal
A. Lynn Williams
The purpose of this study was to compare treatment outcomes between stimulus presentation conditions to children with moderate to severe SSD: a traditional paper presentation versus a computer software generated presentation. The participants were four monolingual kindergarten children with moderate to severe SSD. A multiple baseline across behaviors single subject design was employed in the study. Two non-stimulable, non-cognate sounds from two different manner categories were selected as sound targets. One sound error was treated using paper stimuli presented in a traditional paper table-top presentation (TAB condition) while the other sound error was treated using stimuli presented on the computer …
Assessment Of Single-Word Production For Children Under Three Years Of Age: Comparison Of Children With And Without Cleft Palate, Nancy J. Scherer, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Stoel-Gammon, Ann Kaiser
Assessment Of Single-Word Production For Children Under Three Years Of Age: Comparison Of Children With And Without Cleft Palate, Nancy J. Scherer, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Stoel-Gammon, Ann Kaiser
A. Lynn Williams
Background. This study reports comparative phonological assessment results for children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) to typically developing peers using an evaluation tool for early phonological skills. Methods. Children without clefts (NC = noncleft) and 24 children with CLP, ages of 18–36 months, were evaluated using the Profile of Early Expressive Phonological Skills (PEEPSs) [1]. Children interacted with toy manipulatives to elicit a representative sample of target English consonants and syllable structures that are typically acquired by children between 18 and 27 months of age. Results. Results revealed significant differences between the two groups with regard to measures of …
An International Comparison Of Intervention Practices For Children With Speech Sound Disorder, Eleanor Sugden, Elise Baker, Natalie Munro, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Trivette
An International Comparison Of Intervention Practices For Children With Speech Sound Disorder, Eleanor Sugden, Elise Baker, Natalie Munro, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Trivette
A. Lynn Williams
Two-hundred and seven speech-language pathologists (SLPs) from the US and 335 SLPs from Australia were surveyed about the intervention, service delivery models and intensity of intervention that they provide to children with speech sound disorder. Differences in practices, and implications for evidence-based practice and clinical outcomes, are discussed.
An Internationalized Classroom Using Research Teams, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw
An Internationalized Classroom Using Research Teams, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw
A. Lynn Williams
Overview: (1) What is internationalization of the curriculum (loC)? (2) Why is loC important to SLP/A? (3) How can we internationalize student learning? (4) How can we assess cross-cultural awareness or effectiveness?
Person-Centered Outcomes In Culturally And Diverse Contexts: International Application Of The Icf, Karla Washington, Jane Mccormack, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw, Nancy Thomas-Stonell, Tammy Hopper
Person-Centered Outcomes In Culturally And Diverse Contexts: International Application Of The Icf, Karla Washington, Jane Mccormack, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw, Nancy Thomas-Stonell, Tammy Hopper
Brenda Louw
This session is developed by, and presenters invited by, Cultural and Linguistic Considerations Across the Discipline. This session was developed by the Convention Program Committee to increase SLPs’ awareness regarding research and clinical applications of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) across pediatric and adult populations around the world. Discussants provide perspectives from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Jamaica, and the United States.
Transition Of Care For The Young Adult With Cleft Palate: Stuck Between Goodbye To The Pediatric Team And Hello To Adult-Centered Care, Linda Vallino, Brenda Louw
Transition Of Care For The Young Adult With Cleft Palate: Stuck Between Goodbye To The Pediatric Team And Hello To Adult-Centered Care, Linda Vallino, Brenda Louw
Brenda Louw
Participants will be able to:
- Describe the characteristics and needs of young adults with CLP.
- Discuss the model of transition of care for the young adult with CLP.
- Extrapolate strategies that teams could use to improve the care of young adults with CLP.
Young Adults With Cleft Lip And Palate: Are They Receiving Team Services?, Sarah Widy, Andrea Bisceglia, Emily Bradley, Sanjana Kumari Vyda Srinivasa Kumar, Andrea Mcdowell, Amanda Murr, Blake Nowicki, Elisha Reed, Alexandria Staples, Brenda Louw
Young Adults With Cleft Lip And Palate: Are They Receiving Team Services?, Sarah Widy, Andrea Bisceglia, Emily Bradley, Sanjana Kumari Vyda Srinivasa Kumar, Andrea Mcdowell, Amanda Murr, Blake Nowicki, Elisha Reed, Alexandria Staples, Brenda Louw
Brenda Louw
It is widely acknowledged that a team approach is preferred practice and contributes to optimizing the surgical, dental, speech and psychosocial outcomes for individuals with CLP. Young adulthood often marks the transition from child-centered interdisciplinary care to adult-centered care. There is a paucity in literature relating to the transition of care for young adults with CLP. The purpose of this survey research is therefore to explore the CLP team practices regarding young adults with CLP.