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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Functional Association Between Three Archaeal Aminoacyl-Trna Synthetases, Mette Praetorius-Ibba, Corinne D. Hausmann, Molly Paras, Theresa E. Rogers, Michael Ibba
Functional Association Between Three Archaeal Aminoacyl-Trna Synthetases, Mette Praetorius-Ibba, Corinne D. Hausmann, Molly Paras, Theresa E. Rogers, Michael Ibba
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are responsible for attaching amino acids to their cognate tRNAs during protein synthesis. In eukaryotes aaRSs are commonly found in multi-enzyme complexes, although the role of these complexes is still not completely clear. Associations between aaRSs have also been reported in archaea, including a complex between prolyl-(ProRS) and leucyl-tRNA synthetases (LeuRS) in Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus that enhances tRNAPro aminoacylation. Yeast two-hybrid screens suggested that lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) also associates with LeuRS in M. thermautotrophicus. Co-purification experiments confirmed that LeuRS, LysRS, and ProRS associate in cell-free extracts. LeuRS bound LysRS and ProRS with a comparable KD …
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Of Villin: Effects On Actin Dynamics, Cell Morphology And Cell Migration, Alok Tomar
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Of Villin: Effects On Actin Dynamics, Cell Morphology And Cell Migration, Alok Tomar
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Cell migration is a key aspect of many normal and abnormal biological processes, including embryonic development, defense against infections, wound healing, and tumor cell metastasis. In this study we demonstrate that an epithelial cell actin-binding protein, villin, plays a crucial role in the process of cell migration. Overexpression of villin in doxycyline-regulated HeLa Tet-off and MDCK Tet-off cells enhanced cell migration. We further demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of villin by c-src is required for villin-induced cell migration. Previously, we identified four tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the amino-terminal domain of villin. I further identified six new sites in the carboxylterminal region …
Epigenetics And The Estrogen Receptor, Jennifer E. Leader, Chenuang Wang, Vladimir M. Popov, Maofu Fu, Richard G. Pestell
Epigenetics And The Estrogen Receptor, Jennifer E. Leader, Chenuang Wang, Vladimir M. Popov, Maofu Fu, Richard G. Pestell
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
The position effect variegation in Drosophila and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and higher-order chromatin structure regulation in yeast, is orchestrated by modifier genes of the Su(var) group, (e.g., histone deacetylases ([HDACs]), protein phosphatases) and enhancer E(Var) group (e.g., ATP [adenosine 5'-triphosphate]-dependent nucleosome remodeling proteins). Higher-order chromatin structure is regulated in part by covalent modification of the N-terminal histone tails of chromatin, and histone tails in turn serve as platforms for recruitment of signaling modules that include nonhistone proteins such as heterochromatin protein (HP1) and NuRD. Because the enzymes governing chromatin structure through covalent modifications of histones (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination) can also …
Gene Expression In The Mouse Placenta: Developmental And Stress Responses, Ciprian P. Gheorghe
Gene Expression In The Mouse Placenta: Developmental And Stress Responses, Ciprian P. Gheorghe
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Successful placental development is crucial for optimal growth, maturation, and survival of the embryo/fetus. Placental failure and placental pathology contributes to both morbidity and mortality of the fetus. We sought to understand normal placental development and also placental responses to stress using oligonucleotide microarray technology. To examine genetic aspects of normal placental development, we investigated gene expression patterns in the murine placenta at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), E12.5, E15.5, and E17.5. Hypoxia has been identified as a major stressor in placental and fetal development. In order to comprehend more completely hypoxic stress responses we sought to measure gene expression changes …
Cyclin D1 Repression Of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 Integrates Nuclear Dna Synthesis And Mitochondrial Function., Chenguang Wang, Zhiping Li, Yinan Lu, Runlei Du, Sanjay Katiyar, Jianguo Yang, Maofu Fu, Jennifer E Leader, Andrew Quong, Phyllis M Novikoff, Richard Pestell
Cyclin D1 Repression Of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 Integrates Nuclear Dna Synthesis And Mitochondrial Function., Chenguang Wang, Zhiping Li, Yinan Lu, Runlei Du, Sanjay Katiyar, Jianguo Yang, Maofu Fu, Jennifer E Leader, Andrew Quong, Phyllis M Novikoff, Richard Pestell
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
Cyclin D1 promotes nuclear DNA synthesis through phosphorylation and inactivation of the pRb tumor suppressor. Herein, cyclin D1 deficiency increased mitochondrial size and activity that was rescued by cyclin D1 in a Cdk-dependent manner. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), which induces nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, was repressed in expression and activity by cyclin D1. Cyclin D1-dependent kinase phosphorylates NRF-1 at S47. Cyclin D1 abundance thus coordinates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function.
Role Of Caveolin-1 In The Regulation Of The Vascular Shear Stress Response, Philippe G. Frank, Michael P. Lisanti
Role Of Caveolin-1 In The Regulation Of The Vascular Shear Stress Response, Philippe G. Frank, Michael P. Lisanti
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
In blood vessels, endothelia are submitted to constant shear effects and are, under normal conditions, capable of responding to any variation in hemodynamic forces. Caveolae — 50- to 100-nm plasma membrane invaginations present at the surface of terminally differentiated cells and particularly enriched in ECs — are composed of a high sphingolipid and cholesterol content and the protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Previous studies have suggested that caveolae and endothelial Cav-1 may regulate the vascular response to altered shear stress. In this issue of the JCI, Yu et al. have examined the role of Cav-1/caveolae in the regulation of flow-induced alterations (i.e., …
Aspartyl-Trna Synthetase Is The Target Of Peptidenucleotide Antibiotic Microcin C, Anastasia Metlitskaya, Teymur Kazakov, Aigar Kommer, Olga Pavlova, Mette Praetorius-Ibba, Michael Ibba, Igor Krasheninnkov, Vyacheslav Kolb, Inessa Khmel, Konstantin Severinov
Aspartyl-Trna Synthetase Is The Target Of Peptidenucleotide Antibiotic Microcin C, Anastasia Metlitskaya, Teymur Kazakov, Aigar Kommer, Olga Pavlova, Mette Praetorius-Ibba, Michael Ibba, Igor Krasheninnkov, Vyacheslav Kolb, Inessa Khmel, Konstantin Severinov
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Microcin C is a ribosome-synthesized heptapeptide that contains a modified adenosine monophosphate covalently attached to the C-terminal aspartate. Microcin C is a potent inhibitor of bacterial cell growth. Based on the in vivo kinetics of inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, Microcin C targets translation, through a mechanism that remained undefined. Here, we show that Microcin C is a subject of specific degradation inside the sensitive cell. The product of degradation, a modified aspartyl-adenylate containing an N-acylphosphoramidate linkage, strongly inhibits translation by blocking the function of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase.
C To U Editing Stimulates A To I Editing In The Anticodon Loop Of A Cytoplasmic Threonyl Trna In Trypanosoma Brucei, Mary Anne T. Rubio, Frank L. Ragone, Kirk W. Gaston, Michael Ibba, Juan D. Alfonzo
C To U Editing Stimulates A To I Editing In The Anticodon Loop Of A Cytoplasmic Threonyl Trna In Trypanosoma Brucei, Mary Anne T. Rubio, Frank L. Ragone, Kirk W. Gaston, Michael Ibba, Juan D. Alfonzo
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Editing of tRNAs is widespread in nature and either changes the decoding properties or restores the folding of a tRNA. Unlike the phylogenetically disperse adenosine (A) to inosine (I) editing, cytosine (C) to uridine (U) editing has only been previously described in organellar tRNAs. We have shown that cytoplasmic tRNAThr(AGU) undergoes two distinct editing events in the anticodon loop: C to U and A to I. In vivo, every inosine-containing tRNAThr is also C to U edited at position 32. In vitro, C to U editing stimulates conversion of A to I at the wobble base. Although …
2,6-Hexadecadiynoic Acid And 2,6-Nonadecadiynoic Acid - Novel Synthesized Acetylenic Fatty Acids As Potent Antifungal Agents, Nestor Carballeira, David Sanabria, Clarisa Cruz, Keykavous Parang, Baojie Wan, Scott Franzblau
2,6-Hexadecadiynoic Acid And 2,6-Nonadecadiynoic Acid - Novel Synthesized Acetylenic Fatty Acids As Potent Antifungal Agents, Nestor Carballeira, David Sanabria, Clarisa Cruz, Keykavous Parang, Baojie Wan, Scott Franzblau
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
The hitherto unknown 2,6-hexadecadiynoic acid, 2,6-nonadecadiynoic acid, and 2,9-hexadecadiynoic acid were synthesized in two steps and in 11–18% overall yields starting from either 1,5-hexadiyne or 1,8-nonadiyne. Among all the compounds 2,6-hexadecadiynoic acid displayed the best overall antifungal activity against both the fluconazole resistant Candida albicans strains ATCC 14053 and ATCC 60193 (MIC = 11 μM) and against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 66031 (MIC < 5.7 μM). The 2,9-hexadecadiynoic acid did not display any significant cytotoxicity against the fluconazole resistant C. albicans strains, but it showed fungitoxicity against C. neoformans ATCC 66031 with a MIC value of <5.8 μM. Other fatty acids, such as 2-hexadecynoic acid, 5-hexadecynoic acid, 9-hexadecynoic acid, and 6-nonadecynoic acid were also synthesized and their antifungal activities compared. The 2-hexadecynoic acid, a known antifungal fatty acid, exhibited the best antifungal activity (MIC = 9.4 μM) against the fluconazole resistant C. albicans ATCC 14053 strain, but it showed a MIC value of only 100 μM against C. albicans ATCC 60193. The fatty acids 2,6-hexadecadiynoic acid and 2-hexadecynoic acid also displayed a MIC of 140–145 μM towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in Middlebrook 7H12 medium. In conclusion, 2,6-hexadecadiynoic acid exhibited the best fungitoxicity profile compared to other analogues. This diynoic fatty acid has the potential to be further evaluated for use in topical antifungal formulations.
Methods For The Study Of Signaling Molecules In Membrane Lipid Rafts And Caveolae, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel
Methods For The Study Of Signaling Molecules In Membrane Lipid Rafts And Caveolae, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Lipid rafts and caveolae are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane that concentrate components of certain signal transduction pathways. Interest in and exploration of these microdomains has grown in recent years, especially after the discovery of the biochemical marker of caveolae, caveolin, and the recognition that caveolin interacts with many different signaling molecules via its scaffolding domain. There are three major types of caveolins (1, 2, and 3), with some selectivity in their expression in different tissues. Results assessing lipid raft/caveolae co-localization of molecules in signal transduction pathways have provided support for the idea that signaling components are …
Linking Ligand-Induced Alterations In Androgen Receptor Structure To Differential Gene Expression: A First Step In The Rational Design Of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, Dmitri Kazmin, Tatiana Prytkova, C. Edgar Cook, Russell Wolfinger, Tzu-Ming Chu, David Beratan, J. D. Norris, Ching-Yi Chang, Donald P. Mcdonnell
Linking Ligand-Induced Alterations In Androgen Receptor Structure To Differential Gene Expression: A First Step In The Rational Design Of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, Dmitri Kazmin, Tatiana Prytkova, C. Edgar Cook, Russell Wolfinger, Tzu-Ming Chu, David Beratan, J. D. Norris, Ching-Yi Chang, Donald P. Mcdonnell
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
We have previously identified a family of novel androgen receptor (AR) ligands that, upon binding, enable AR to adopt structures distinct from that observed in the presence of canonical agonists. In this report, we describe the use of these compounds to establish a relationship between AR structure and biological activity with a view to defining a rational approach with which to identify useful selective AR modulators. To this end, we used combinatorial peptide phage display coupled with molecular dynamic structure analysis to identify the surfaces on AR that are exposed specifically in the presence of selected AR ligands. Subsequently, we …